Iraqi Journal for Electrical And Electronic Engineering

In this study, a distributed power control
algorithm is proposed for Dynamic Frequency
Hopping Optical-CDMA (DFH-OCDMA) system. In
general, the DFH-OCDMA can support higher
number of simultaneous users compared to other
OCDMA techniques. However, the performance of
such system degrades significantly as the received
power does lower than its minimum threshold. This
may obviously occur in a DFH-OCDMA network
with near-far problem which consist of different
fiber lengths among the users, that resulting to
unequal power attenuation. The power
misdistribution among simultaneous active users at
the star coupler would degrade the Bit Error Rate
(BER) performance for users whose transmitting
signals with longer fiber lengths. In order to solve
these problems, we propose an adaptive distributed
power control technique for DFH-OCDMA to
satisfy the target Signal to oise Ratio (SR) for all
users. Taking into account the noise effects of
Multiple Access Interference (MAI), Phase Induced
Intensity oise (PII) and shot noise, the system can
support 100% of users with power control as
compared to 33% without power control when the
initial transmitted power was -1dBm with 30
simultaneous users

Adaptive filtering constitutes one of the core
technologies in digital signal processing and finds numerous
application areas in science as well as in industry. Adaptive
filtering techniques are used in a wide range of applications
such as noise cancellation. Noise cancellation is a common
occurrence in today telecommunication systems. The LMS
algorithm which is one of the most efficient criteria for
determining the values of the adaptive noise cancellation
coefficients are very important in communication systems,
but the LMS adaptive noise cancellation suffers response
degrades and slow convergence rate under low Signal-to-
Noise ratio (SNR) condition. This paper presents an adaptive
noise canceller algorithm based fuzzy and neural network.
The major advantage of the proposed system is its ease of
implementation and fast convergence. The proposed
algorithm is applied to noise canceling problem of long
distance communication channel. The simulation results
showed that the proposed model is effectiveness

most of routing protocols used for mobile Ad hoc network (MANET), such as Ad hoc on demand distance vector (AODV)routing, uses minimum hops as the only metric of choosing a route. this decision might lead to cause some nodes become congested which will degrade the network performance. this paper proposes on improvment of AODV routing algorithm by making routing decisions depend on fuzzy cost based on the delay in conjunction with number of hops in each path. our simulation was carried out using OMNeT++ 4.0 simulator and the evaluation results show that the proposed fuzzy multi-constraint AODV routing performs better than the original AODV in the terms of average end to end dealy and packet delivery.

In this paper we present the details of methodology
pursued in implementation of an HMI and Demo Temperature
Monitoring application for wireless sensor-based distributed
control systems. The application of WSN for a temperature
monitoring and control is composed of a number of sensor nodes
(motes) with a networking capability that can be deployed for
monitoring and control purposes. The temperature is measured
in the real time by the sensor boards that sample and send the
data to the monitoring computer through a base station or
gateway. This paper proposes how such monitoring system can
be setup emphasizing on the aspects of low cost, energy-efficient,
easy ad-hoc installation and easy handling and maintenance.
This paper focuses on the overall potential of wireless sensor
nodes and networking in industrial applications. A specific case
study is given for the measurement of temperature (with
thermistor or thermocouple), humidity, light and the health of
the WSN. The focus was not on these four types of
measurements and analysis but rather on the design of a
communication protocol and building of an HMI software for
monitoring. So, a set of system design requirements are
developed that covered the use of the wireless platforms, the
design of sensor network, the capabilities for remote data access
and management, the connection between the WSN and an HMI
software designed with MATLAB.

a wierless sensor network consists of spatially distributed autonomous sensor to cooperatively monitor physical or environmental conditionsm such as tempreture, sound, vibration, pressure, motion or pollutants. diffirent approaches have used for simulation and modeling of SN (sensor network) and WSN. Traditional approaches consist of various simulation tools based on different languages such as C, C++ and Java, In this paper , MATLAB (7.6) Simulink was used to build a complete WSN system. Simulation procedure includes building the hardware acchitecture of the transmitting nodes, modeling both the communication channel and the receiving master node architecture. Bluetooth was chosen to undertake the physical layer communication with respect to different channel parameters (i.e. signal to Noise ratio, Attenuation and Interference). the simulation model was examined using diferent topologies under various conditions and numerous results were collected. this new simulation methodology proves the ability of the simulink MATLAB to be a useful and fexible approach to study the effect of diferent physical layer parameters on the performence of wierless sensor network.

In this paper, we evaluate the performance of WiMAX
downlink system in vicinity of UWB system. The study is achieved
via simulating a scenario of an office building which utilizes from
both WiMAX and UWB appliances. From the simulation results,
we found that WiMAX system is largely affected by the UWB
interference. However, in order to overcome the interference
problem and achieve reasonable BER (Bit Error Rate) of 10-4, we
found that it is very necessary to raise the WiMAX transmitted
power in relative to that of UWB interferer. So, the minimum
requirements for WiMAX system to overcome UWB interference
are stated here in this work

WiMAX (worldwide interoperability for microwave
access) is one of the wireless broadband access technologies which
supplies broadband services to clients, but it surpasses other
technologies by its coverage area, where one base station can
cover a small city. In this paper, WiMAX technology is studied by
exploring its basic concepts, applications, and advantages /
disadvantages. Also a MATLAB simulator is used to verify the
operation of the WiMAX system under various channel
impairments and for variety of modulation schemes. From the
simulation results, we found that WiMAX system works well in
both AWGN and multipath fading channels, but under certain
constraints that are addressed in this paper.

In this paper, we develop an analytical energy
efficiency model using dual switched branch diversity receiver in
wireless sensor networks in fading environments. To adapt
energy efficiency of sensor node to channel variations, the
optimal packet length at the data link layer is considered.
Within this model, the energy efficiency can be effectively
improved for switch-and-stay combiner (SSC) receiver with
optimal switching threshold. Moreover, to improve energy
efficiency, we use error control of Bose-Chaudhuri-Hochquengh
(BCH) coding for SSC-BPSK receiver node compared to one of
non-diversity NCFSK receiver of sensor node. The results show
that the BCH code for channel coding can improve the energy
efficiency significantly for long link distance and various values
of high energy consumptions over Rayleigh fading channel

In this paper, Mosul University Wireless Local
Area Network (MUWLAN) security will be evaluated. The
evaluation was made to test the confidentiality, integrity and
availability of the MUWLAN. Addressing these issues will
help in ensuring tighter security. After the evaluation, serious
security pitfalls were found that can allow any attacker to
have access to the MUWLAN and uses their internet service.
Based on the obtained results, suggestions for improvement
were made to tighten the security of Mosul University wireless
local area networ

Correct calculations of losses are important for
several reasons. There are two basic methods that can be used to
calculate technical energy losses, a method based on subtraction
of metered energy purchased and metered energy sold to
customers and a method based on modeling losses in individual
components of the system.
For considering the technical loss in distribution system
included: transmission line losses, power transformer losses,
distribution line losses and low-voltage transformer losses.
This work presents an evaluation of the power losses in Kirkuk
electric distribution system area and submit proposals and
appropriate solutions and suggestions to reduce the losses .
A program under Visual Basic was designed to calculate and
evaluate electrical energy losses in electrical power systems.

This paper presents a method of generating realistic
electricity load profile data for the UK domestic buildings. The
domestic space features have been investigated excluding the
heating and hot water systems. A questionnaire survey was
conducted and the feedback were collected from a number of
occupants at different intervals of times on daily bases in order
to establish the probabilistic record of the estimated use of
electrical appliances. The model concept of this study also
considers the results of previous investigations such as that
available in public reports and statistics as input data elements
to predict the global domestic energy consumption. In addition,
the daily load profile from individual dwelling to community can
be predicted using this method. The result of the present method
was compared to available published data and has shown
reasonable agreement.

Voltage instability problems in power system is an
important issue that should be taken into consideration during
the planning and operation stages of modern power system
networks. The system operators always need to know when and
where the voltage stability problem can occur in order to apply
suitable action to avoid unexpected results. In this paper, a study
has been conducted to identify the weakest bus in the power
system based on multi-variable control, modal analysis, and
Singular Value Decomposition (SVD) techniques for both static
and dynamic voltage stability analysis. A typical IEEE 3-
machine, 9-bus test power system is used to validate these
techniques, for which the test results are presented and
discussed

This paper presents a developed algorithm for
reliability sensitivity analysis of engineering networks. .
Reliability Modeling is proposed for the Iraqi Kurdistan
Regional Power Network (IKRPN) using Symbolic
Reliability function of the model. The written Pascal code for
the developed algorithm finds efficiently path sets and cut sets
of the model. Reliability and Unreliability indices are found.
The sensitivity of these indices are found with respect to the
variation of the network’s elements reliabilities

In this paper, the benefits of using Magnetic Pulse machine which is belong to Non-conventional
machine instead of conventional machine. Magnetic Pulse Technology is used for joining
dissimilar metals, and for forming and cutting metals. It is a non contact technique. Magnetic
field is used to generate impact magnetic pressure for welding and forming the work piece by
converted the electrical energy to mechanical energy. It is enable us to design previously not
possible by welding dissimilar materials and allowing to welds light and stronger materials
together. It can be used to weld metallic with non metallic materials to created mechanical lock
on ceramics, polymers, rubbers and composites. It is green process; there is no heat, no
radiation, no gas, no smoke and sparks, therefore the emissions are negligible

The drastic increase of residential load
consumption in recent years result in over loading
feeder lines and transformers for the Iraqi northern
area distribution system especially in the city of Mosul.
Solution for this problem require up to date research
consumers load study to find the proper solution to stop
excess overload in the transformers and the feeders. This
paper include the regional survey for samples of
consumers representing typical types of different
standard of living and energy consumption by
distributing questioners contain list of information such
as load type in daily use. Also current readings are
recorded for the individual consumer for the months of
the year 2006. In addition to those readings, energy
consumption is recorded once every two months.
The registered readings are used in conjunction with
the list of questionnaires to find a sample (for different
loads) that coincide with the list of questionnaires for
current and energy readings. Resulting in the feasibility
of using the sample to know the peak value of current
for any consumer even if he is not included in the list of
questionnaires and for any new consumer, since it
become possible to decide the size of the transformers
and feeder lines, to overcome the problem of overloading
in any part of the distribution system. The Artificial
Neural Network (ANN) is used in this paper to find the
above mentioned sample.

In this research we study the elevations of cities
and the water resources specially at the dams reservoirs
and the distance between them(dams & cities), we use the
Google Earth program to determine these elevations and
calculate the difference between the average level
(elevation) of water at the dam and the average level of
cities, which we want to supply it by water, in order to
save electrical power by using the energy of supplied
water through pipe line from dams to the cities, the
pressure of supplied water must be calculated from the
difference in elevations(head). The saving of energy can
be achieved by two ways. The first is the energy saving by
reduce the consumed power in the pumping water from
river, which is used for different purposes. The second is
the hydroelectric power generated by establishing a micro
hydroelectric generator on the pipe line of the water
supplied