Iraqi Journal of Physics

In this work, Pure and Cu:doped titanium dioxide nano-powder
were prepared through a solid-state method. The dopant
concentrations in atomic percentage were (0 - 7) wt% of samples
Cu/TiO2. Structural properties of the samples was analyzed by XRD
and revealed that all nano powders of titanium dioxide having
polycrystalline nature. Physical and Morphological studies were
conducted using scanning electronic microscope SEM to check the
grain size and texture. The other properties of samples were
examined using optical microscope, Lee\'s Disc, Shore D hardness
instrument, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscope (FTIR) and
Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). Results showed that
the thermal conductivity increased with the weight fraction of Cu
element increasing then decreasing.

Thin films of Copper Phthalocyanine CuPc of various thicknesses
(150, 300 and 450) nm have been deposited using pulsed laser
deposition technique using Q – Switched Nd:YAG laser pulse at
1.64 μm wavelength, 6 Hz frequency, 9 ns width, and 240 mJ energy
at room temperature. The study showed that the spectra of the optical
absorption of the thin films of the CuPc are two bands of absorption
one in the visible region at about 635 nm, referred to as Q-band, and
the second in ultra-violet region where B-band is located at 330 nm.
CuPc thin films were found to have direct band gap with values
around (1.81 and 3.14) eV respectively. The vibrational studies were
carried out using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR).
Finally, From open and closed aperture Z-scan data non-linear
absorption coefficient and non-linear refractive index have been
calculated respectively using He-Ne laser which have beam waist of
(24.2 μm), wave-length of (632.8 nm) and Rayleigh thickness was
2.9 mm.

The Binary Cluster Model (BCM) was employed within the single
particle wave functions of Gaussian and harmonic oscillator
potentials to study the ground state density distributions of protonrich 23Al and 27P halo nuclei. The long tail performance was clearly
noticed in the calculated proton and matter density distributions of
these nuclei. Elastic form factors of these exotic nuclei were studied
by the Plane Wave Born Approximation (PWBA). It were found that
the major difference between the calculated form factors of unstable
nuclei [23Al, 27P] and those of their stable isotopes [27Al, 31P] is
caused by the variation in the proton density distributions, especially
the details of the outer part. Moreover, the matter root-mean-square
(rms) radii and reaction cross sections for these exotic nuclei were
studied by means of the Glauber model with an optical limit
approximation using the ground state densities of the projectile and
target, where these densities are described by single Gaussian
functions. The calculated results of rms radii and reaction cross
sections were in good agreement with the data.

Polypyrrole/silver (PPy/Ag) nanocomposites of weight percentages
(0.1%, 0.5%, 3%, 5% and 7% wt.) were synthesized via a chemical
oxidation method. The AFM analysis is performed to study the
surface roughness, morphology and size distribution of PPy particles
and PPy-Ag nanocomposites. The results indicated that as the
concentration of Ag in the nanocomposite increases, the roughness
increases. The size of nanoparticles was also evaluated and found to
be in the range of 15 nm to 125 nm. The PPy/Ag nanocomposites
exhibited an effectiveness against Gram-negative Escherichia coli
showing an inhibition zone of 4mm and displayed poor efficacy
against Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus. Based on given
adequate antibacterial characteristics of PPy/Ag nanocomposites, it
can be identified as a promising material in biomedical applications.

This manuscript presents a study of the production of plasma
polymerized pyrrole (C4H5N) nanoparticles prepared by atmospheric
pressure non equilibrium plasma jet through the parametric studies,
particularly gas flow rate (0.5, 1 and 1.5 L/min). The plasma jet that
was used operates with alternating voltage 8 kv and frequency
29 kHz. The plasma flow characteristics were investigated based on
optical emission spectroscopy (OES). UV-Vis spectroscopy was used
to distinguish the oxidization state for polypyrrole. The major
absorption appears around 464.1, 449.7 and 435.3 nm at the different
argon gas flow rate. The chemical composition and structural
properties of the contained samples, which were synthesized at
0.5 L/min argon gas flow rate, were analyzed by Fourier
transformation infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Raman spectroscopy,
scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD).
SEM point to a uniform distribution of polypyrrole (PPY)
nanoparticles matrix. XRD technique showed a semicrystalline
pattern for PPY thin film. The excellent quality plasma polymer
synthesized by atmospheric pressure plasma jet method may serve as
conducting materials.

A studying of the optical spectroscopic is reported in this work to
investigate the correlation between the supermassive black hole
(SMBH) and the star formation rate (SFR) for samples of Seyfert
galaxies type (I and II). The study focused on 45 galaxies of Seyfert
1, in addition to 45 galaxies of Seyfert 2, where these samples were
selected from different surveys of Salon Digital Sky Survey (SDSS).
the range of red shift for these objects was between (0.02 – 0.26).
The results of Seyfert 1 galaxies showed good correlation between
the SMBH and the SFR depending on the statistical analysis
parameter named Spearman’s Rank Correlation in a factor of
(ρ=0.609)In addition, the Seyfert 2 galaxies results showed good
correlation between the SMBH and the SFR in a factor of (ρ=0.551).
Moreover, the different types of line-regressions were fitted between
the data (e.g. linear, exponential, and power) to choose the more
suitable line among the data and to extract a mathematical formula
that explains this behavior.

The preparation and characterization of innovative
nanocomposites based on zinc oxide nanorods (ZNR) encapsulated
by graphene (Gr) nanosheets and decorated with silver (Ag), and
copper (Cu) nanoparticles (NP) were studied. The prepared
nanocomposites (ZNR@Gr/Cu Ag) were examined by different
techniques including Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy
(FESEM), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), Atomic Force
Microscopy (AFM), UV-Vis spectrophotometry and fluorescence
spectroscopy. The results showed that the ZNR had a good cover of
five layers of graphene and decorated with Ag and Cu NPs with
particles size of about (10-15) nm. In comparison with ZNR, the
ZNR@Gr/Cu Ag nanocomposites revealed superior absorption in the
entire region of 300–1000 nm. Moreover, the band gap decreased
from 3.2 eV of ZNR to 1.2 eV for ZNR@Gr/Cu Ag nanocomposites.
Taking into account the superiority of ZNR@Gr/Cu Ag
nanocomposites in terms of easy fabrication, low-cost method, and
environmental friendliness, which made it favorable for huge-scale
preparation in many applications such as water splitting, sensor, solar
cell, antibacterial and optoelectronic devices.

The aim of this work is to provide general information about
Iobenguane that can be used to obtain results to diagnose the
diseases. Iobenguane, or MIBG, is an aralkylguanidine. When
radiolabeled, it can be used in nuclear medicinal diagnostic
techniques as well as in neuroendocrine antineoplastic treatments.
This work is divided into two parts first part study electronic
structure and vibration properties of the Iobenguane material. The
second part study quality image enhancement techniques. CT scan
image transformed to frequency domain using the LWT. Two
contrast enhancement methods are applied to improve quality
image properties; they are Histogram Equalization (HE) and
Adaptive Histogram Equalization (AHE). Canny filter of edge
detection used as a comparison tool between enhancement
methods. The result show the absorbance of iobengaune in the
range (1000 – 0 cm-1) of these single bonds from C-C, C-N, C-I,
and C-O High absorbency and sharp peak of Maximum wavelength
absorbed. From the results of measures quality like PSNR, mean
and entropy indicate that the CT Scan images are enhanced
obtained using AHE technique in frequency. The dark regions of
enhanced CT Scan images became clarity comparing with input CT
Scan image which is having low contrast.

The study of nuclear structure of neutron-rich nuclei acquired
impressive interest internationally considering that it predicts nuclear
behavior and reveals new aspects of nuclear structure that are the key
challenges of developing a generalized nuclear model. In the present
work, the nuclear structure of 28-40Si isotopes toward neutron dripline
was investigated in the framework of shell model with SkyrmeHrtree-Fock method using certain Skyrme parameterizations.
Moreover, investigations of static properties such as nuclear densities
for proton, neutron, mass, and, charge densities with their
corresponding rms radii, neutron skin thicknesses, binding energies,
separation energies, shell gap, and pairing gap were performed using
the most recent Skyrme parameterization. For all dynamic properties,
sdpf shell model space has been used to generate one body transition
density matrix element with SDPFK two body effective interaction.
The calculations also reproduced the low and higher-laying 2+ energy
level scheme, and reduced transition probability B(E2) for even Siisotopes. The calculated results were compared with available
experimental data, to identify which of these parameterizations
introduced equivalent results with the experimental data and
reasonable agreement was obtained.

This work aimed to prepare and study the characteristic feature of
lead nanoparticles (PbNPs) and follow its effects on some
physiological aspects in rats. PbNPs was prepared by laser ablation
of pure lead mass with a pulse of 500 and 100 mJ of energy. The
results indicated that the wavelength was approximately 196 nm and
the concentration was reported at 53.8967 mg / L. AFM, as the
average diameter has been estimated at 69.93 nm. EFSEM shows the
spherical shape of the particle. The experimental animals (rats) were
divided into two groups, with seven rats for each one. The first group
was a control and the second group was injected with 1 milliliter of
PbNPs (53.8673 mg/l) per day for 45 days. Bioaccumulated lead (in
liver, spleen kidney and muscles), total serum proteins, albumin,
ALT, AST, ALP and antioxidants (GSH, SOD, CAT, and MDA)
were estimated. By comparison to the control, PbNPs exposed
animals. There were no significant differences in the bioaccumulated
lead. In contrast, there was a significant reduction in total serum
protein, albumin, GSH, SOD, CAT. Also, there was an increase in
serum ALT, AST, ALP and MDA.