Sumer University Journal for humanity science

The novel "Girls of the Absent Toma Farman" by Khudair Falih Al-Zaidi is one of the modern novels that relied on the elements of reality and imagination. It starts from reality to surprise the reader by entering the region of the wondrous, which is characterized by breaking the horizon of expectation, as it has an element of surprise and tension. It relies on the elements of presence and absence, presence The real and the presence of the miraculous, and their alternation in absence and sometimes coexistence between them. Which creates a disparity in the reader’s mind between the real and its reception. Therefore, the research came to answer an important problem: How was the fictional text built from reality? How did he enter into the miracles? How were they paired? And the relationship of this to history, and was the return to history intended in order to find out some facts? Relying on the structural approach to analyzing the text, because the narrative arose in the shadows of structuralism.

The study attempts to delve into the representations of the linguistic structure of the Iraqi Flash poem through the selected sample. This research incursion was carried out through the definition and characteristics that are recognized linguistically and semantically from a theoretical standpoint and an attempt to apply them procedurally to the sample, and then, demonstrating communicative verifications between theory and practice by relying on the interpretive aspects. Which can contribute in a simple way to trying to provide an understanding of the concepts and perceptions of the flash poem in an applied form, therefore, the compositional structure was studied based on three axes:

The researcher addresses the reality of atheism, in its ancient meaning and modern methods, and the necessity of confronting the tide by establishing complete faith through the aid of the Quran and the Prophetic atheistic Hadith. Additionally, it discusses establishing intellectual proofs for the validity of faith in both its fundamentals and branches, and protecting the Muslim community's creed. It also tackles refuting the branches of atheism that advocate for the removal of modesty, virtuous manners, and decency.

this phenomenon taboo as evidenced by the verses. The Qur’anic Qur’an and the noble hadiths have unanimously agreed that they are forbidden. As for the law, some countries have enacted criminal penalties on those who commit them, such as Jordan and Kuwait. However, we did not find in the legal project any hint or article that criminalizes its perpetrators. Hence, we must clarify and clarify this issue from a jurisprudential and legal perspective. As we see, cheating in its general form is not limited to spouses Rather, everyone who seeks to differentiate between members of the family and society is considered to be in violation of Islamic law and the law, and legislators must create modern social laws that are compatible with the development that the world is witnessing from the spread of social networking sites and programs, which is an important cause of corruption in the family and society because they are not used in the correct and beneficial manner that is compatible with society. Islamic customs and traditions. Based on the requirements of the study, we divided our research into three sections that include defining the term “takhbib” linguistically and terminologically, and explaining “tahbib” from the point of view of Islamic jurisprudence and positive laws.

because it makes the whole society better, as God (Glory be to Him) desires. ranks when he urged them to restrain their anger and forgive people, and God made these servants of His servants among the companions of Paradise, and immortalized their qualities in His Book, and He said - Glory be to Him -: (And those who pardon people). His Book: (The recompense for an evil is an evil like it, so whoever pardons and makes amends, his reward is due from God), so he who deals with God sincerely and with a desire for what is with Him, then pardons His servants and is good to them and has mercy on them; He will have reward and pardon from God Almighty

The concept of alienation is based on the Hegelian view on a separatist dialectic on what is the right of communication between two existential syndromes: (the subject and the subject). The individual as a creative, creative subject that wants to be and achieve himself and the individual is a subject under the influence of jealousy and exploitation, and then the creations of the creative individual (art - language - science and others) stand outside himself as strange things, material objects, for what is essential and title, meaning Mind and consciousness of the mind itself. Expatriation is only a manifestation of the incompatibility between the philosophical self and between the subject and the objective world that represents

Tanawalna fi bahthina hadha tarikh almadaris alfiqhiat alshiyeia ( alhawza ) watanquluha bayn alaimisar alaslamiat markazayn ealaa shakhsiat alshaykh alsaduq (t 381hi) kashakhsiat barizat alt 'iilayh marjieiat madrasa (huza) qim walrayi , watanawalna sirat alsaduq almutamathil bimawsueatih alkhalida (man la yahduruh alfaqihi) aladhi jamae fih alfiqh walhadith , wakadna ealaa tafarudih fi baed alfatwaa , thuma bayanaa mashayikhah watarjamna lilmashhurin minhum .
washarna alaa tarikh tasis madrasa (qim walrayi) wa'ahamiyatiha fi madaris altashrie alfiqhii alamami.

Islam is the religious belief, the moral and behavioral system, and the social approach for the individual and the group, in all relationships that arise within
society between individuals, between individuals and authority, and between the Muslim community and other related communities, whether peaceful or hostile, that adhere to Islam, or have their own beliefs. different.
The research has shown that thought is not something that conforms to rules and principles, nor is it identical to culture, reason, or science, but rather it is an active use of all of that in order to reach more mental images of the things, events, and data surrounding us, present and past, and expand the field of vision and future horizons

The hypothesis of the research tends to reveal the dialect of nodal identity as a decisive factor in the process of building the state and its stability since its establishment until the present time, especially since Iraq is one of the societies that consist of ethnic, religious or cultural groups that have not reached the level of integrating these sub-affiliations in order to Reaching a common and public identity that takes on the interests of these groups with their cultural, ethnic and religious affiliations. And based on specific questions: Is the state’s adoption of a model based on nationalism the main source of the ethnic and religious identity crises that have emerged since the establishment of the Iraqi Republic until the present day? Does the common identity mean the removal or marginalization of sub-affiliations? Is there really an identity crisis? Or is it a crisis at the origin of the political meeting of the Iraqis, what is a crisis of existence at all? The research division is divided into three axes; The first examines: the nodal identity and the presence of the other in the formulation of the ego.
The second axis discusses: the sources of nodal identity and political subjugation ,it deals with the saying about the ideological identity and the culture of political subjugation. The research concluded that the identity problem in general, and the dogmatic in particular, is due to the disagreement and not the difference that is rooted in the weakness of social awareness from within, that is, from the self-first, and from the other second, although the separation between them is always arbitrary, due to the existence of a dialectical relationship between them. In addition to the hateful sectarian and ethnic distinction, which was a dangerous mine that was laid with the cornerstone of building the modern Iraqi state in 1921, where the Iraqi founders, with the support and planning of Britain, insisted on continuing the Ottoman Empire’s policy of sectarian and ethnic discrimination during four centuries of its unjust rule of Iraq against components The Iraqi people and the monopoly of one component of power, influence and privileges.

Prophet Muhammad (Expressive features in the verse breaks of Qur’anic texts), This study aims to introduce the miraculous use of words required by the art of Qur’anic expression and the applied study of it through the Qur’anic verses that contain it, the importance of which is explaining the aspects. The expressive Qur’anic for everyone who examines and closely examines the words of God Almighty, such as the connection of the verses to one another, the connection of the openings.

In this study, the researcher wanted to shed light on the explanation of the function of the narrative witness reported from the People of the House of Prophethood - peace be upon them - in revealing the meaning of the Holy Qur’anic text and what its interpretive significance leads to. She took the interpretation of Al-Burhan by Mr. Al-Bahrani as a field of application by describing this interpretation as one of the narrative interpretations. Specialized in interpreting the Noble Book of God according to what is said about them peace be upon them The researcher has demonstrated the function of the narrative witness in various aspects of the interpretation of proof. It had the effect of restricting the absolute from the Book of God Almighty, as there is narrative evidence provided by the author of the interpretation that explicitly and clearly indicated their restriction - peace be upon them - of what was absolute from the Book of God.

The research aims to study the role that repetition plays at its various linguistic levels in the cohesion of the Qur’anic text in form and meaning, as it is one of the secrets of its eloquence and its graphic miracle, in light of one of the most important dimensions of the modern linguistic lesson, which is the pragmatic dimension, as the Qur’anic text is full of many examples of repetition in its surahs and verses. , as a linguistic phenomenon that has discursive purposes, and these purposes are embodied by the nature of the discourse, and its textual and current contexts, and perhaps one of the most prominent purposes of this in the Holy Qur’an is its lexical consistency. Because of this consistency’s impact on persuasion and influence, and to highlight the constant characteristic of linguistic miracles in the Qur’anic text, which represents the most prominent aspects of its miracles.

In this study, the researcher intended to guide the meaning of twelve common Qur’anic words, each of which carries two or more connotations, and to explain what those words aspire to, taking the narrative text reported from the imams of Ahl al-Bayt (peace be upon him) as a means to give preference or weaken this meaning over other meanings. This is because the text contained about the infallible according to the Imami school of thought is considered an explanation of the Holy Qur’anic text, as one of the means revealing the divine purpose is the correct, proven text narrated from them - peace be upon them.
The nature of the research required that the applied aspect of it have a presence that exceeds the theoretical aspect through the mention of those common words that were frequently mentioned in the many books of interpretation, language, faces, and counterparts, which led to their use in the wise dhikr to the commentators differing in directing it and determining the meaning for which this or that word was used.

The significance of words among Sufis represents an important and great literary wealth. This is because they have their own methods, expressions, and dictionaries, which represent their spiritual doctrine, and the Sufis have their own (direct) metaphorical connotations of words, represented by indicative reference, deriving their legitimacy and existence from their relationships linked to religious language, and the connotation of words is distinguished by being more mystical.
In light of this, the research consists of an introduction and three requirements. The title of the first request is: Naming Sufism and its attributes. The second title is: Linguistic terminology according to Sufis. As for the third request, its title is: The semantic development of words according to Sufis. Then there is a conclusion and is supported by sources and references.

Literary works naturally go back to extended roots that generate a storehouse of knowledge for humans. The origin of these roots is the reference in the singular and plural, references and references. References: Every writing begins from a fertile ground that is the seed upon which the idea is built. Literary reference constitutes an important tributary of creativity, as it is the first lines. Which the writer draws inspiration over time, they are learned lessons and lessons that the writer memorizes whenever he wants, and draws them and brings them out with a new ornament by weaving them, pruning and refining the knowledge he acquires and reformulating it with great craftsmanship, and the novel A Town in a Box is full of a large store of references.
The writer found rich material from it that supported and supported his literary experience, and added to it everything new and innovative. Therefore, the concept of reference in contemporary Arab culture differs from one researcher to another, depending on the differences in the researchers’ ideology and the multiplicity of their positions within the limits of heritage and its components, and most researchers agree that the reference is heritage. This heritage belongs to the past time, but they differ after that in defining this past. Some of them see that heritage is everything that has reached us from the distant past, and heritage on this basis is everything that
we have inherited historically and that it is everything that has reached us from the past within the prevailing civilization.

The Murji'ah are a group of theologians affiliated with Islam. They disagreed with the opinion of the Kharijites, as well as the Sunnis, regarding the one who commits a major sin, and they said that everyone who believes in the oneness of God cannot be judged as a disbeliever, because the judgment on him is entrusted to God Almighty alone on the Day of Resurrection, regardless of the sins he committed. There are those who believe that postponement is of two types: The first: which refers to a group whose thinking is dominated by political aspects. The second: which refers to a group whose thinking is dominated by religious aspects, which makes us feel two meanings for postponement. The political factor contributed to the emergence of the idea of postponement, especially during the era of Muawiyah bin Abi Sufyan, who adopted the doctrine of postponement because it justified his political behavior that aimed to destroy the intellectual foundations of Islam. Then, the position of the Ahl al-Bayt school on the issue of postponement and its impact on the individual and society was revealed.

Research into the frameworks for organizing texts and their writing techniques is considered the most important discourse that describes the creative process and writing based on awareness, which relies on written text in imitating and imitating the previous, or rewriting according to a previous method, or constructive inputs with which the awareness of the creator is obsessed through the work of restoring the latent active ego as (I) is an intentional and content phenomenologist (II) who

This research is an attempt to uncover the thresholds of poetic writing in the collection: (This is how I mess with the sand of words) by the Iraqi poet Muhammad Saber Ubaid, and to monitor their semantic impact in illuminating reading for the reader, describing them as speeches resulting from the poet’s prior awareness of his poetic writing. It is the first reading barrier that the reader encounters, through which he needs reading ability to reach the cognitive or referential systems it contains.
Based on this understanding; The thresholds of writing in the collection (This is How I Mess with the Sand of Speech) form textual transcendences with intentional
revelations from the poet himself that can lead the reader to the interior of the texts based on a number of functions they perform.
The written passages in the collection of the Iraqi poet Muhammad Saber Ubaid (This is how I mess with the sand of speech) are other texts worth reading, because they were in harmony with the mother text, and even expressed it in the other poetic significance it produced. The poet deliberately gathered his poetry collection with these thresholds to become another text parallel to the original text.

The grammatical phenomena varied in the verses of monotheism in the Holy Qur’an, and it was necessary to clarify their connotations in expression, and to touch upon their rhetorical aesthetics in speech. I chose for study in this research the phenomenon of precedence and delay because of its distinguished position in the Arabic language, and it takes on a higher dimension in behavior in speech.” The arts of speech, starting from the most eloquent book that speaks the truth, which is the Holy Qur’an, the greatest explanatory miracle and the highest example.”
“The research was divided into two sections. The first section was devoted to explaining the concept of precedence and delay in language and terminology and the most important studies that preceded Abdul Qahir al-Jurjani in this field. The second section was devoted to explaining the significance of precedence and delay in the verses of monotheism in the Holy Qur’an. I followed the descriptive and analytical approach in presenting the verses. Contained in the context of monotheism, and clarifying the significance of this grammatical phenomenon in expressing the oneness of God Almighty in the Holy Qur’an.

This study aimed to analyze the content of the Holy Quran and Islamic Education book for the third intermediate grade in Iraq. To achieve this goal, a standard was built to determine the extent to which the content of the Holy Quran and Islamic Education book prescribed for fourth intermediate grade students was taken into account according to the standard based on it, using the content analysis method.

The research includes the study of linguistic errors in the language of written channels, and these errors were divided into morphological, grammatical, spelling and semantic errors, and the correctness of them, and criticize them and show their correctness, and it was concluded that most satellite channels have many such errors due to the lack of specialists to work in the field of media

Protecting an idea from criticism may require it to be glorified or sanctified, and this is an approach that is not limited to religious matters, as is thought. All nations and societies have narratives surrounded by barbed wire that protect them from attempts at doubt or efforts to veto, even if the nations and societies themselves claim openness, enlightenment, and reject all “coffins.” Collective awareness, sometimes accompanied by intimidation, may prevent criticism. To a new sanctification of a concept or a transcendent exaltation of an idea, which requires that those who are perceived to have departed from that be considered a kind of apostasy based on the concept in question or the specific idea. The study we have on the Sabian religion and the pitfalls it carries, we try to stand up to, enlightened by the texts contained in the heavenly books about it؛The Mandaean Sabian religion is

The importance of deviation is evident as it carries a shortened and intense artistic value for the poetic language that critics have distinguished from communicative language. In this sense, it provides a broad avenue for research into the linguistic depth of the semantics of words. The aim of this research is to investigate the most important methods of displacement that formed a phenomenon among the poet Abdul Hassan Al-Muhyawy and study them. And how he employed artistic connotations and their aesthetic dimensions, to form his own poetic language expressing his emotional experience with its moral and suggestive dimensions, going beyond the standard and penetrating the depth of meaning and its various connotations. These shifting dimensions were represented in the study of substitutional deviation and poetic symbolism

Although all linguistic schools have explained an important aspect of the secrets of language، and contributed to the knowledge of this social phenomenon، and they have all emphasized the social factor in its broad sense and what is related to it، and it has a relationship that was relative to the advocates and supporters of sociolinguistics، meaning that it increases It is lacking، and it is not the basis for understanding the language and discovering its secrets. Therefore، arrows of criticism were directed at it by sociolinguists. As it is unable to take the social reality of linguistic uses into account.

This research is concerned with the problems of the relationship between grammar and modern pragmatics. The work on the grammatical heritage puts into question, based on a philosophy that is aware of all the problems and difficulties required by the process of reconciling the two sciences, and it does not work to reproduce the old as much as it subjects it to the system of questions raised by the modern approach, in the sense that it tries to go beyond the traditional understanding of Arabic grammar to an understanding more modernist than him; it explores the philosophy of the relationship between the duality (grammatical and pragmatic) of modern researchers, and it presents the opinions of researchers looking for their estimates of this relationship, their endeavor to know its limits, reveal its horizons, and its oscillation between contrast and integration, which leads to the rise in methods of dealing with Arabic grammar to what is possible. to call it modernity.

The critical stage in which we and our country are living makes it necessary to talk about issues related to combating terrorism, especially extremist Islamic groups. Because the importance of talking about dismantling the structure of violence in our societies lies in the fact that it is the intellectual and methodological foundations necessary for the movement of the nation in accordance with the Islamic conception of the universe, life, and man. It is no secret that the subject of study is closely linked to the most important issue, which is the purpose of our existence.

This research aims to systematically explore the multiplicity of transformations and the pillar of reception within the aforementioned works by Sherko Bekas. The significance of this topic lies in its connection to various dimensions and visions, making it a vital area of study to understand the formation of these dynamic elements within the context of ongoing transformations and reception. The study employs a descriptive analytical method, which, despite encountering some issues related to the concept of transformation itself, has proven effective for this research. The research plan includes an introduction and its elements, followed by an analysis that is not divided into separate topics but arranged in a coherent analytical manner. This approach has allowed for a comprehensive conclusion that highlights the most prominent findings of the study.

The external context (maqāmiya) and intertextuality represent the communicative aspect of texts. Textual coherence is not only achieved by structural relationships within the text, but rather by functions. Pragmatics and communication, therefore it has become necessary for the text analyst to take into account aspects other than the linguistic aspect in his analysis, and extend beyond that to what is outside the text,Therefore, the text analyst treats his material as a blog ((text)) of a dynamic process in which language is used as a communicative tool in a specific context by the speaker or writer with the aim of expressing meanings as well as achieving the objectives of the discourse) ().The discourse analyst also pays attention to examining the relationship between the speaker and the addressee through the
implicit meaning of the speech. What the speaker means or what the speaker suggests may exceed the apparent meaning of his words, and the text may contain conflicting implicit meanings, and perhaps we We note that in investigating the implied meaning, we must be aware of some facts about the world (knowledge of the world)(). Since the discourse analyst - like the addressee - does not have a direct method or image to reach the meaning intended by the speaker, he sometimes relies on the process of (inference).
Which enables him to reach an understanding of the speaker’s meaning or understand the nature of the connections between them, so that if a later piece of information comes to the reader that is ambiguous, he will come to another conclusion that will lead him to the intended meaning.

The contemporary world has faced a range of problems and abnormal phenomena that did not exist in the past. As a result of the religious and spiritual void in non-Muslim societies, people have started to turn to innovative solutions. Among the most prominent of these problems in Western societies are issues of gender identity, gender determination, and gender change, which arise as a result of sexual deviance. Some individuals now wish to change their gender to satisfy their psychological desires. Unfortunately, laws have been enacted to accommodate this phenomenon. This research will examine the perspectives of the Abrahamic religions on the topic of gender change or transgenderism, relying on the texts of the Holy Quran and the Sunnah, as well as the rulings of the Old and New Testaments and the Jewish Talmud

In a unique poetic attempt that distinguished the poet Adeeb Kamal Al_Din from other poets of his time, it is what made his poetry the focus of attention of many researchers when he singled out his poetic creativity to the full stop and letter. What increased the beauty and elegance of his poetry was his humanization of the full stop and the letter and its shift from the usual and familiar in drawing his poetic images, taking them Objectively equivalent in his alienation, it was as if they were human speaking to. The feature of poetic dialogue that dominated his work was focus on the full stop and the letter, and its interesting conversation about personal social issues. The full stop and the letter are centered in all the details and situations.

This research shed light on the linguistic phenomena according to Dr. Abdel Qader Abdel Jalil, as there is no doubt that these phenomena are an authentic source of linguistic development because it represents the latest linguistic uses. Language is a medium that must be carefully chosen to convey the idea to suit the recipient, his culture, and his social and economic level. It is also considered a fertile ground in which linguistic phenomena are numerous. The linguistic phenomena are meant those phenomena that are produced by the science of meaning as a level of linguistics that affects issues of linguistic diversity and development. The study divided into several sections: The Arabized, the intrusive, synonymy, verbal commons, opposites and the section on sculpting. This study aims to add a linguistic research in the field of linguistic studies represents the views of Dr. Abdel Qader Abdel Jalil on the linguistic phenomena of language and its impact on changing the level of sound, morphology, structure, and meaning because it met the requirements of the linguistic messaging in the cultural, social, political, economic, and religious fields. The methodology of this study is the analytical method that is based on describing and analyzing the phenomenon.

The study aims to reveal the aesthetics of poetic imagery in the poetry of Hamed Al-Rawi by a technical reading that aims to uncover rich emotional worlds in the poetic text. The poet embodied these images via creative artistic energies that enriched his poetic texts. The study examined his creative experience, which is characterized by a modern spirit that reflects its value and presence, and the poetic building style that characterizes it. This requires monitoring the objective and artistic aspects of the poetic imagery, which represents the spirit and foundation of the poem, and to uncover its semantic and suggestive dimensions through a solid artistic structure. The study chose his poetic texts as the procedural space, by presenting a distinctive poetic model full of expressive connotations of his pains and sufferings, which was analyzed and criticized. The research is divided into an abstract in Arabic and English, an introduction, a preamble, and three sections. The first section addressed the metaphorical image, and the second section discussed the simile image, while the third section focused on the metonymy image. This was followed by a conclusion that highlighted the most important findings of the study, and the sources and references were documented.

This research is concerned with studying apprenticeship and its impact on grammatical composition curricula, and shows the extent to which the later is influenced by the preceding. The study is in two sections preceded by an introduction and a preface. In the introduction, the researcher presents the linguistic and terminological meaning of apprenticeship and its impact, and in the first section, which Tagged with (Methodology of the Book of Sibawayh), the researcher explains the features of the book’s methodology (its name, introduction, evidence, and sections), and the second section was entitled (The Impact of Apprenticeship on Writing Methods); The researcher explained the impact of Al-Khalil in the book of Sibawayh, and the impact of Sibawayh in the book Al-Muqtadib by Al-Mubarrad, and the research ended with a conclusion containing the most important results, then a list of sources and references that the researcher relied on.

Absence constitutes the other cornerstone of existence, as existence revolves around the two pillars of presence and absence. Absence is not nothingness; rather, it is a characteristic and a sign of presence. Ahlam Mosteghanemi\'s trilogy (Memory in the Flesh, Chaos of the Senses, Bed Hopper) is one of the distinguished models in Arabic literature that deals with the phenomena of presence and absence of women. Therefore, our research will focus on the pillar of absence in the trilogy, and then the conflict between absence and presence in the novels

in their homeland, causing the entire fall of Andalusia to the hands of the Christians, and thus the fall of a great Islamic edifice that was the gateway through which Islamic sciences and knowledge were transmitted to Europe. Then the research touched on This purpose flourished and spread among poets due to the acceleration of political circumstances The research then dealt with the psychological approach and its dealings with decoding the literary text and examining the psychological impact on creating the poetic text and its ability to simulate the poetic occasion and depict it in the most wonderful images loaded with the poet’s thoughts and feelings towards those cities that fell into the hands of the Christians. Then the research was divided into three sections, the first of which dealt with Psychological mechanisms - love of the homeland - in lament for cities, which is one of the most important reasons that called for the spread of this purpose because of the Andalusian’s attachment to his homeland. In the end, the research dealt with religious psychological mechanisms in lament for cities and the impact of the loss of Andalusia and the absence of the star of the Islamic religion in it. As for the third, the research dealt with psychological mechanisms. For the Andalusians, in which we showed the impact of the fall of these cities and kingdoms on the psychology of the Andalusians and the horrific methods they witnessed as a result.

The environment the nature that is represented by the geographical location and the Bedouin or urban character it contains, and it has a great impact on building the personality of the creative writer by what surrounds him. Every human being influences and is affected by his environment according to the elements and tools it contains, so each environment affects the language of the poet by presenting his poems. Choosing the appropriate words to formulate them with the meanings and similes they carry was the instinct that arises in the subconscious and is imprinted on the taste in the soul of the writer.

Politics played an important role in the early Islamic and Umayyad eras. This is as a result of the events that occurred in both of them. The presence of the woman poet was clear, as she had an opinion and a partisan orientation through which she expressed the idea of the party or political party to which she belonged. The Shiite party had the greatest freedom for its women to express their position. Because we saw the right of Imam Ali (peace be upon him) and his sons to the caliphate, While foreign women distinguished themselves from other women of other parties, in that they entered the war equally with men and led armies.

University theses and dissertations have taken a new direction in linguistic research. Previously, they focused on a specific topic or a specific aspect. Now, they
choose a collection of theses and dissertations that have been written on that specific topic or aspect within a time span of at least two decades. They analyze, critique, interpret, and evaluate this extensive cognitive output, creating a new body of knowledge born from these preceding these and dissertations.
Upon reviewing the discourse of this new output, we found that it merits attention. It serves as a summary of several theses and dissertations discussed and approved in reputable universities, as well as condensing a significant period of academic research. It became evident that there was some deficiency in the creation of this intellectual product at three levels:
1. Research, Inquiry, Evaluation, and Assessment: There was a shortfall in the thoroughness of research, investigation, and evaluation.
2. Monitoring and Scientific Supervision: There was a lack of adequate scientific supervision and follow-up.
3. Discussion of the Thesis: The thesis, as a study that blended approved and authorized university theses, was not adequately discussed.
Based on the above, the recommendations were that universities should adopt the method of distributing the chapters of the thesis or dissertation to the discussing committee members after the thesis is written. Each professor in the committee would focus their efforts on studying their assigned section, investigating the quoted texts, interpreting, analyzing, evaluating, and correcting them.
As for the proposals, there was a single recommendation: universities should suggest that graduate students register their topics on theses and dissertations written on linguistic output spanning a decade or more. This approach treats these studies as significant efforts over an extended period, examining the discourse of these studies in the manner we have done in our research.

Human societies have suffered from acts of violence from ancient times to the present day. The forms, methods and victims of such violence vary according to the environment, prevailing conditions and people. In this research, we will monitor,
analyze and classify the scenes of violence that came in the novel "Symphony of the Dead" written by Abbas Maaroufi in the middle of the twentieth century. The aim of this research is to draw attention to the conditions that prevailed in Iranian society, as well as to indicate the group that was most vulnerable to acts of violence, and also to highlight the effects of these acts of violence on the individual, family and society.