Iraqi Journal of Physics

Prepared zeolite type A was used for the removal of cesium ions
from aqueous solution. The experimental data were analyzed by
Langmuir, Freundlich isotherms. Various parameters, such as contact
time, zeolite weight, pH, and initial concentration, were studied. The
results indicated that the highest removal efficiency was 95.53% at
(2h time, 0.04 g weight, and pH=6.8). The results also showed that
the Freundlic model fits well with the experimental results and is
better than the Langmuir model.

The natural polyphenolic compound that cinnamon contains has a
vast range of pharmacological and medicinal properties which are
well known for their diverse biological activities. Diverse biomedical
and pharmacological applications benefit arise from organic
nanoparts with regulated properties. Cinnamon nanoparticles (CNPs)
are bioactive and non-toxic, They can be effective as antibacterial
agents. Driven by this notion, pulse laser ablation in liquid technique
(PLAL) was used to prepare spherical cinnamon NPs. Using
Q-switched Nd:YAG with a wavelength of 1064 nm pulse laser of
constant energy 500 mJ, with different number of laser pulses (250,
500, 750, 1000) pulse /sec. Morphology and optical properties of the
synthesized CNPs of differing laser fluence were determined.
Samples were described through FESEM, UV-Vis and FTIR. The
synergy between ethanol as a liquid growth media and fundamental
laser wavelength has been the cause of certain distinctive
characteristics of CNPs. The spherical CNPs achieved in the
suspension of ethanol have been established to be helpful for
antioxidant purposes.

Polypyrrole and polypyrrole/silver nanocomposites were
fabricated by in-situ polymerization employing Ammonium
Persulphate as an oxidizing agent. Nanocomposites were synthesized
by combining polypyrrole and silver nanoparticles in various weight
percentages (0.1%, 0.5%, 3%, 5% and 7% wt.). Crystallographic data
were collected using X-ray diffraction. PPy particles were found to
have an orthorhombic symmetry. In contrast, PPy/Ag
nanocomposites were reported to have monoclinic structure. The
crystallite size was determined by XRD using Scherrer equation and
considered to be within 49 nm range. DC conductivity of pelletized
samples was evaluated in the temperature range of 323 k to 453 k.
The conductivity displayed an increase when the temperature is
increased. Activation energies were determined from plots of
Arrhenius for all nanocomposites. The findings indicated that the
activation energy decrease with increasing the weight percentage of
Ag nanoparticles in the nanocomposites.

The structural and optical properties of pure and doped nano
titanium dioxide (TiO2) films, prepared using chemical spray
pyrolysis (CSP) technique, with different nano-size nickel oxide
(NiO) concentrations in the range (3-9) wt% have been studied.
X-Ray diffraction (XRD) technique was used to analysis the
structure of the prepared thin films. The results revealed that the
structure properties of TiO2 was polycrystalline with anatase phase.
The parameters, energy gap, extinction coefficient, refractive index
and real and imaginary parts were studied using absorbance and
transmittance measurements from a computerized ultraviolet visible
spectrophotometer in the wavelengths range (300-800) nm. Optical
properties of TiO2 were affected by the addition of NiO impurity
where the transmittance increased as NiO concentration increased but
with more adding the transmittance returned to decrease again. It was
found that the extinction coefficient, refractive index and real and
imaginary parts values decreased with increasing the doping
percentage up to 7% and then increases again at 9%. Energy gap
values increased after doping with NiO where the values were in the
range was 3.31 to 3.51 eV.

Nuclear waste comes from many sources around
us and considered as the main source of pollution
which threats human’s health and environments. Because of this, we
must find a proper treatment, storage, and disposal method of nuclear
waste over a long period of time. So, in this research the nuclear
waste (Strontium hydroxide) was immobilized by Carbon nanotubes
(CNTs). The Nd-YAG laser with wavelength 1064 nm, energy 750
mJ and 100 pulses was used to prepare CNTs. Sr(HO)2 powder was
added to the CNTs colloidal in calculated rate to get a homogenous
mix of CNTs-Sr(OH)2. The Sr(HO)2 absorbs carbon dioxide from the
air to form strontium carbonate so, the new solution is CNTs-SrCo3.
To dry the solution three drops from the new solution was placed on
glass slides. To investigate the radiation damage on CNTs structure,
the sample was irradiated with a beta source (90Sr/90Y) for different
periods of time. The structure properties were measured using X-ray
diffraction XRD, while the shape and size property was measured
with scanning electron microscope SEM. The results showed
homogenous distribution of nanoparticles with average particle size
of about 20nm. The XRD spectra for all samples before and after
irradiation showed higher peaks at 2 = 25 degree and when
compared the XRD phase with standard card the resultant
nanomaterial is strontium carbonite (SrCo3). From SEM micrograph,
SrCo3 was well decorated on the surface of CNTs and there was not
any remarkable difference in the corresponding due to beta radiation
exposure.

In this work, The influence of laser energy on structural and
optical properties of (CdO):(CoO) thin films deposited on glass
slides by the pulse laser deposition technique (PLD) was studied
using The laser used was Nd:YAG laser with (λ=1064 nm) and
duration (9 ns) with different laser energies (200-500 mJ) for (1:1).
X-ray diffraction patterns showed that all the films had a
polycrystalline with cubic crystal structure. As for the topography of
the films surface, it was measured using AFM, where the results
showed that the grain size and the average roughness increase with
increasing laser energy. The optical properties of all films were
studied and the results showed that the absorption coefficient within
the wavelength range (280-1100 nm) increases with increasing laser
energy, It was shown that the optical power gap value for direct
transitions decreased by increasing laser energy within the range
(4.25-3.55) eV.

Steganography art is a technique for hiding information where the
unsuspicious cover signal carries the secret information. Good
steganography technique must include the important criterions e.g.
robustness, security, imperceptibility and capacity. Improving each
one of these criterions will effect the others, because these criterions
are overlapped. In this work, a good high capacity audio
steganography safely method has been proposed based on LSB
random replacing of encrypted cover with encrypted message bits at
random positions. The research also included a study for the audio
file, speech or music, by safely manner to carrying secret images, so
it is difficult for unauthorized persons to the suspect presence of the
hidden image. Calculations of SNR, SNR segmental, SNR spectral,
MSE and correlation show that, audio music cover file (2channales)
is the safest as a carrier with replace the 9 number of LSB without
noticeable noise. The capacity of the audio file that can be safely
exploited is up to 28% of the total size of the music audio cover; this
fact can be noticer from the values of measures of SNR, and
(32, 28 and 31 dB). For speech cover audio the replacing
LSB is safely uses LSB bits number 6, where the hiding capacity
reach up to 37 % of size speech cover audio at 37, 36 and 39 dB for
three type's measures of SNR. Correlation of cover samples was not
affected as a result of hiding secret image, where its value is up to
0.99 for all hiding operations.

This work presents the effect of Mn-doping TiO2 on the optical
and structural properties of TiO2 films synthesized by sol-gel
method, and deposited by the dip-coating technique. The
characteristics of pure and Mn-doped TiO2 were studied by X-ray
diffraction (XRD), the measurements show the anatase phase for all
the thin films. The spectrum of UV-Vis. absorption of increases MnTiO2 concentrations (1%, 3%, 5%, 7%, and 9%) indicates a red shift;
therefore, the energy gap decreases with increased of doping. The
minimum value of energy gap (2.51 eV) at 7% weight. Scanning
electron microscope (SEM) measurement showed that the particles
size of thin films decreases with doping and has a minimum value
with 7%wt doping ratio. Then self-cleaning test, under UV and
visible light was adopted. Hydrophilic properties demonstrate (super
hydrophilicity) where θ reaching less than 10˚ in 15 minutes.

In this work, the influence of group nano transition metal oxides
such as MnO2, Fe2O3 and CuO on the electrical properties of ZnOTiO2 thin films has been studied. The prepared films were deposited
on glass substrate by laser Nd-YAG with wavelength 1064 nm,
energy of 800 mJ and constant number of shots 400. The thickness of
the film was 200 nm at room temperature and annealing temperature
(573K). The electrical properties such as DC conductivity and Hall
Effect were obtained. The results of DC conductivity showed that the
high activation energies occurs when doping with MnO2
corresponding to the lower values of DC conductivity (σRT). After
annealing the films to 573 K the activation energy increased while
the DC conductivity decreased for all metal oxides doping. Hall
effect measurement showed films have either n-type or p-type
conductivity depending on the type of the metal dopant.

Nuclear structure of 29-34Mg isotopes have been investigated using
shell model with Skyrme-Hartree–Fock calculations. In particular,
nuclear density distributions for proton, neutron, mass and charge
densities with their corresponding root mean square radii, neutron
skin thicknesses and inelastic electron scattering form factors were
calculated for positive low-lying states. The deduced results were
discussed for the longitudinal and transverse form factors and
compared with the available experimental data. It was confirmed that
the combining shell model with Hartree-Fock mean field method
with Skyrme interaction can accommodate very well with the nuclear
excitation properties of stable and unstable nuclei.