NTU Journal of Pure Sciences

In this paper, we present a comparison study on the performance of Gray Wolves Optimization (GWO) and Multi-free dynamic schema (MFDS) algorithms. The Multi-free Dynamic Schema (MFDS) algorithm is a sophisticated optimization method created for solving optimization problems. It contains different operators (dynamic schema operator, dissimilarity operator, similarity operator and free dynamic schema operator). Where, The Grey Wolf Optimization (GWO) algorithm is a metaheuristic optimization algorithm inspired by the social behavior of grey wolves in a pack. This study focused on the run time and the number of iterations to reach the optimal solutions. The sample of this comparison was on ten functions. The results showed the superiority of an algorithm (MFDS) on (GWO) algorithm in most test functions, especially at the run time.

Helicobacter pylori a gram-negative, microaerophilic, spiral-shaped, and flagellated bacteria whose primary reservoir is the human stomach. It can cause gastric and extra-gastric diseases. So the study aimed to find the relationship between infection with H. pylori and progression of type II diabetes with other immunological markers. Method This study was conducted in Kirkuk City from Nov. 2022 to Apr. 2023 and included 106 individuals, 26 as a control group and 80 patients (34 males and 46 females) with mean age 57.61 suffering from DMII with H. pylori stool antigen positive results (immunochromatographic test cassette). Five ml of venous blood samples were taken for the HbA1c test (immunodetection technique), fast serum glucose (Hexokinase/G-6-PDH), serum H. pylori IgG, H. pylori CagA IgG, Interlukin-1?, and Interleukin-10 analysis (Sandwich-ELISA technique). Results There was a positive correlation between H. pylori IgG titer and HbA1c levels (0.0321, P = 0.004). In addition, there was a positive correlation between the levels of IL-1? and the H. pylori CagA IgG (r =0.579, P = 0.000). While a negative correlation was found between HbA1c level and IL-10 concentration, (r = -0.500, P = 0.000), there was also a negative association between IL-1? and IL-10 concentrations (r = -0.485, P = 0.000). Conclusion: Through the results of this correlation, we suggest a relationship between H. pylori infection and DMII.

Cytomegalovirus is a member of herpes virus. As CMV affects many
living cell, people are at risk of acquiring it especially pregnant women
and can transmit it to their fetus. The purpose of this study is to compare
two common methods for Cytomegalovirus diagnosis. CMV Rapid Test
is performed to detect Abs specific for CMV. Likewise ELISA technique
is applied for further validation. Complete blood count is performed to
compare (WBC, Hb. Lymphocyte, platelet) count between patients and
control groups. By Rapid test, all patients were tested positively for IgG.
However only (10.16%) of 128 patients tested positive for CMV IgM.
According to ELISA, IgM positivity was only (8.59%). Regarding to
CBC test there were significant differences between two groups
regarding to WBC count and lymphocyte count with P value (0.0001)
and (0.0001) respectively. This study concluded that CMV diagnosis in
pregnant women via ELISA test is more accurate and specific than rapid
test.

Background: Otitis media [OM] is a middle ear inflammation. It is a
prevalent medical disorder that affects people of all ages and both genders.
Pseudomonas aeruginosa [P. aeruginosa] is the most prevalent pathogen
bacteria responsible for the disease and has a high level of antibiotic
resistance. The middle ear mucosa is destroyed by P. aeruginosa because of
its virulence characteristics. Antibiotic resistance constitutes the main threat
to people's health.
Objective: The objective of the current study is to evaluate the frequency of
P. aeruginosa isolated from Otitis media patients and investigate their
antibiotic susceptibility pattern. Materials and Methods: All 235 ear swabs
were collected from otitis media patients who visited a specialized
outpatient center in Kirkuk City and the ENT consultation facility at Kirkuk
Hospitals. Both the antibiotic susceptibility which was tested by the VITEK
2 AST card and bacterial isolation and identification were done.
Results: The results of this study reveal that out of 235 ear swabs collected
from patients with otitis media showed 22/235 [9.4 %] isolation rate for P.
aeruginosa. And among the most effective antibiotics against of the detected
pathogenic bacteria were Amikacin [95.4%], followed by Ceftazidime/
Avibactam, Piperacillin /Tazobactam and Ceftolozane/ Tazobactam each
with [91%], Colistin [86%], Imipenemand and Meropenem [81.8%, 86.4%]
respectively, Ceftazidime, Cefeime, Levofloxacin and Azreonam each
with [77.3%], Ciprofloxacin and Ofloxacin both [72.7%] with Gentamicin
[68.2%].

The lack of iron storage has a significant impact on the thyroid gland's efficiency, and its synthesis of hormones, which are required for biological activities in the body, has been compromised. Thyroid problems also have a harmful effect on the level andamount of iron stored in the body. Inactive gland activity leads to poor iron absorption, and it is often incorrectly diagnosed as hypothyroidism due to the similarity of symptoms between them. Although both hypothyroidism and iron deficiency are different diseases, their symptoms are sometimes related. Hypothyroidism sometimes leads to a weakness in the body's ability to absorb iron, causing iron deficiency anemia. Because both diseases cause similar symptoms, such as frequent fatigue and sometimes weakness, as well as paleness, a good diagnosis is important to discover the main cause of these symptoms. Iron deficiency is commonly connected with hypothyroidism. Current research has demonstrated that adding iron to hormonal therapy for the treatment of pathological hypothyroidism situations improved the pathological condition as compared to using hormonal therapy for the thyroid gland alone.