Iraqi Journal of Natural Sciences and Nanotechnology

Biofilm bacteria pose a profound threat to human and animal health. This study helps to explore the potential anti-gene expression effect of the green copper nanoparticles (CuONPs) on biofilm genes in strong biofilm forming E. coli. The anti-gene expression of green synthesis of CuONPs in different concentrations (MIC and Sub MIC) were evaluated against E. coli biofilm genes (luxS, mqsR, fliA) with housekeeping GapAgene by Real-time quantitativepolymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) after treatment in comparative with control. The results revealed that green CuONPs were significantly effective in MIC and Sub MIC concentration on biofilm gene expression by downregulating of luxS gene in fold change (1.2 and 4.92) in human E. coli isolates and (0.744 and 6.01) in animal E. coli respectively, in comparative with gene expression of control (bacteria without treatment)(14.870) and (12.616) respectively.The expression of Mqsrgene was down regulate after treatment with green CuONPs fold change (0.95 and 9.06) and (1.078 and 6.7) in human and animals in MIC and Sub MIC concentrations respectively with comparative control (13.9) and (18.8) respectively. Also, the expression of Fliagene was decrease after treatment with green CuONPs fold change (1.054 and 7.06) and (0.5 and 7.4) in human and animals of MIC and Sub MIC concentration respectively with comparative control (16.318) and (20.353) respectively. Conclusion: Green CuONPs showed an excellent inhibitory effect and anti-biofilm activity against MDR biofilm E. coli genetically which act as down-regulator of biofilm genes in strong biofilmforming E. coli.

In this study, pure zinc oxide films doped with (Al) were prepared by spray pyrolysis technique, with percentages of (3,5 and 7%) and molar concentrations (0.05), on glass substrates at a temperature of (350 oC).X-ray diffraction pattern showed that pure zinc oxide films are all polycrystalline and have a hexagonal structure with a preferred growth direction (002).Using atomic force microscopy (AFM), the surface topography of the produced films was investigated. The findings that emerged from the analysis demonstrated a reduction in the membrane's surface roughness after doping as well as a reduction in particle size (126-55.64nm). Besides, the scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) results of all generated films were examined and reviewed in order to understand the composition of their surfaces and to determine the particle size, in order that practically all surfaces are covered with the spherical particles, which are collected longitudinally into ribbon-like structureslinked to one another.On the other hand, optical properties have shownthat the values of the energy gap for direct transitions increased from (3.73 eV) for pure films to (3.80 eV) for aluminum doped films. The optical properties investigation included transmittance spectrum, absorption coefficient and energy gap. The transmittance (89%) was within the visible spectrum region.

Of new selenium organ derivatives, two types of derivatives were prepared in two or three steps. In the first one, P-xylene reacted with p-formaldehyde and hydrochloric acid gave1,4-bis(chloromethyl) -2,5-dimethylbenzene which is transformed to a selencyanide compound by reacting with KSeCN under N2 atmosphere to give the corresponding newcompounds. In the second type 1,4-bis(chloromethyl) -2,5-dimethylbenzene reacted with hydroxybenzaldehyde to give (Z)-3-(4-chloro-2,5-dimethylstyryl) phenol which reacted with KSeCN under N2 atmosphere to give the corresponding new compounds. All compoundswerecharacterizedbymeltingpoint,FTIR,elementalanalysis,UV-Visible, 1H-NMR and13C-NMR and Mass spectra. Meanwhile, TG/DTA analysisofsomeoftheseligandswasconductedtoevaluatethethermalstability, kinetic, and characteristic thermodynamic parameters. Antioxidant study showed that the prepared compoundsunder study have good efficacy for capturingthefreeradicalDPPH,closetotheactivityofthestandardantioxidant Vit. C, which was used in different concentrations.

Synthesis of Schiff bases using the principles of green chemistry is an environmentally friendly approach to obtain these important organic compounds. Schiff bases are widely utilized in various applications, but traditional synthesis methods often involve the use of toxic reagents and solvents. This review highlights a sustainable and ecological strategy for thepreparation of the Schiff base. The green chemistry method emphasizes the selection of non-toxic and readily available starting materials, such as primary amines and carbonyl compounds, while minimizing waste generation and energy consumption. Environmentally benign solvents, like water or ethanol, are favored over toxic organic solvents. The use of green catalysts, including solid or bio-derived catalysts, enhances reaction rates and selectivity, reducing the need for excess reagents. The synthesis is conducted under mild reaction conditions, such as ambient or slightly elevated temperatures, to avoid the formation of hazardous byproducts. The work-up and purification processes are optimized to minimize waste production, employing simple techniques like filtration or recrystallization. The schiff bases that are synthesized are categorized utilizing spectroscopic techniques, such as NMR, IR, or mass spectrometry, to confirm their structures and purities. By employing green chemistry principles, the preparation of Schiff bases becomes more sustainable and environmentally conscious, contributing to the overall goal of a greener chemical synthesis. This abstract serves as an introduction to the green chemistry method for preparing Schiff bases, providing a concise overview of the approach's key principles and highlighting its potential to reduce environmental impact while obtaining high-quality organic compounds.

Potential uses for nanomaterials in light-emitting diodes, solar cells, polarizers, light-stable colorfilters, optical sensors, optical data communication, and optical data storage have led to the rise of interest in this field. Because they mix the qualities of two or more different materials and may exhibit unique mechanical, electrical, or chemical behaviors, nanomaterials are of special interest. Comprehending and adjusting these impacts may result in hybrid gadgets built from these nanocomposites thatpossess enhanced optical characteristics.In this work prepared polymer Buna-N with Activated carbon nanocomposites of well-defined compositions and studied the optical properties of powders and their thin films. The UV-visible light absorption spectrum was employed to describe the optical properties of industrial rubber –activated carbon composites. These composites, consisting of Plastic polymer Buna-N revealed a novel UV-visible absorption band in the wavelength range of 226-235 nm. This distinctive feature is attributed to interchain interactions within the material. To assess the optical properties, a successful optical transmission method was employed, enabling the determination of crucial parameters such as dielectric constant, absorption coefficient (α), and energy gap. Four samples of industrial rubber –activated carbon composites were analyzed in this manner. The UV–Visible spectrophotometer served as the primary tool for the optical characterization. The results highlighted the strong dependenceof these properties on both the material's nature and the type of radiation used.The primary objective of this research is to enhance the optical properties of the polymer Buna-N decorated with activated carbon. The aims to leverage these improved properties for the extraction of oil. The goal is to develop a material that exhibits the best-suited properties for the conditions involved in drilling and oil extraction processes.

Current study involves fabricate a photodetector based on ZnO nanorods for ultraviolet sensing application deposited onto a low cost flexible substrate of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) using chemical bath deposition (CBD) method. XRD diffraction data approved hexagonal structure (Wurtzite). Nanorod structure of Zinc Oxide were noticed utilizing field emission scanning electron microscopy with an average diameter of 150 to 225 nm. The energy bandgap of 3.27eV were obtained using UV–Vis spectroscopy measurement. The maximum responsivity value was 0.023A/W at a wavelength of 375nm. The photosensitivity (Sph), quantum efficiency (ƞ), response time, and recovery time were 1347.2, 837.53, 90.87s, and 114.57s under a UV light of 375nm at a bias voltage of 10V, respectively.

In this research, the mechanical properties (tensile strength, bending resistance, impact resistance) of samples composed of unsaturated polyester resin reinforced with carbon fibers in the form of layers, using four layers, and copper oxide at a rate of (1%, 2%, 3%, 4%) were studied. Both separately. It is used in the manufacture of prosthetic limbs. The results showed that carbon fiber reinforcement improved all mechanical properties. Where as that the tensile strength improved and reached (10.14), while the bending resistance value was (25.34), and the shock resistance also improved by a value of (1.46). However, when reinforced with copper oxide, it failed and also that the tensile strength value decreased to (4.76), and the bending resistance value also decreased to (7.47), but the impact resistance improved and its value reached (0.72).

A hybrid plasmonic waveguide based on indium phosphide(InP) was proposed for nanoscale optical confinement and long-range propagation atawavelength of 1.55 μm. The waveguide consists of an InGaAsP layer designed as a ridge with a gold cap. The InGaAsP materials are suitable for InP substrates. The refractive index of In1−xGaxAsyP1−ywas graded by changing the molefraction to improve the confinement and propagation length compared with the conventional one. Changing only the y parameter with constant x results in a propagation length increase compared tothe inverse case, changing only the parameter x. This parallels good results in the mode effective area (퐴푒푓푓) and figure-of-merit (FoM) for the exact condition of changing y, expressing a good confinement condition. Apropagation length of 40 μm is achieved with better confinement than the standard hybrid case. The designs proposed in this paper were simulated using COMSOL Multiphysics

In this article, nano-rings Insulator-Metal-Insulator (IMI) plasmonicwaveguides are used to propose, simulate, design, and construct all-optical (XOR and XNOR) logic gates. The Finite Element Method (FEM) has been used to develop and numerically simulate the proposed two-dimensional (2-D) structure of plasmonic gates. Fourmetrics are used to assess the performance of the proposed device: insertion loss, modulation depth(MD), transmission, and extension ratio(ER). Glass and silver were used to build the suggested building. Destructive and constructive interferences were used to create the functioning of the proposed plasmonic gates. According to numerical simulations, the proposed plasmonic gates with a transmission threshold of (0.3) could be realized in a single structure operating at1.55 μm. The characteristics of this device were as follows: medium Extension Ratio values, high MD values, transmission above 200% in a single state of XNORgate. This technology is also considered essential to all-optical computersand opening the door to future access to nanophotonic integrated circuits.

This study investigates several mechanical properties, including hardness, as well as the radiation attenuation capacity of samples prepared from PMMA (PolymethylMethacrylate) as the base material, along with nano-oxides comprising Nano Bismuth Trioxide (Bi2O3) and Nano Iron Trioxide (Fe2O3) at varying doping percentages (0%, 0.5%, 1%, 3%, 5%). The linear attenuation coefficient (μ), absorptivity (A), and transmittance (T) were determined using the radioactive isotopes Bismuth-207 (Bi207) and Cesium-137 (Cs137).The experimental results exhibit a notable enhancement in hardness and radiation attenuation coefficients in samples as the doping percentage increases. Particularly, samples with a 5% doping ratio demonstrated the most promising outcomes. Consequently, they can be regarded as superior shielding materials suitable for radiation applications due to their increased linear attenuation coefficient values.Furthermore, absorptivity values witnessed an increment with heightened radiation effectiveness of the radioactive source and an increase in both shield thickness and doping ratio. In contrast, transmittance values declined with the augmentation of samplethickness and doping ratio.