AL-ADAB JOURNAL

For the past three years, Covid-19 has been the dominant topic in international media. It has been the central topic of various researches and studies. Accordingly, this study aims at presenting the theoretical background of pragmatics, media discourse, and the relation between the two. In addition, it aims at identifying and uncovering the speech acts used in selected Covid-19 English and Arabic news articles following Searle (1979) taxonomy. The selected articles are published by different local and international digital newspapers, including USA Today, The Guardian, Daily Mail, Almada Newspaper, BAGHDADTODAY.NEWS, and Asharq Al-Awsat Newspaper. The findings of the study prove that speech acts are used more in the English reports than in the Arabic reports. Also, the most frequently used category is assertive speech acts in the two types of data.

The work on analyzing the dimensions of the poetic place, its aesthetics, characteristics and patterns, is one of the critical trends that coincided with the development of the mechanisms of critical work on the poetic text in the modern era. Al-Husseini among contemporary poets, through the selection of certain poetic "models" that express, with their contents, the characteristics and characteristics of this trend in the circle of this poetry.
The importance of this research stems from the fact that it attempts to monitor the dimensions of renewal in the poetry of the contemporary Husseini lamentation, because recalling the place and employing it as a dominant structure in the circle of this poetry has greatly enriched the development of the dimensions of the contemporary Husseini poem, whether at the semantic, stylistic or at the level of The nature of poetic language and its ability to recreate the figurative and allegorical dimension of the place.
The most important patterns of place that were treated - within the limits of this research - and monitored them as prominent phenomena in the poetry of Al-Husseini lamentation among contemporary poets, were represented by two basic levels: the level of the real place, which appeared in two basic dimensions, namely the historical place and the natural place, and the other level: is the imagined place and its most prominent applications It was in the circle of Al-Husayni’s lamentation poetry among contemporary poets, represented by the symbolic place pattern, and the subjective/psychological place pattern.. The research was not satisfied with extracting and defining such spatial patterns, but also tried to extract the characteristics and characteristics of each place and its difference from others, especially when the Husseini poet tries to employ His data according to the determinants of poetic vision within the poem.

The purpose of this study is to examine the philosophical perspective that Toni Morrison employed when creating the primary characters in Song of Solomon. This article examines the philosophical foundations of the novel at hand by Toni Morrison. It is precisely this aspect that pertains to man's very existence and being. Existentialism is a philosophical and literary school of thought. It focuses on individual liberty and responsibility as two fundamental aspects of man's existence. Existentialism is present both in literature and philosophy. This study provides an in-depth analysis of the Song of Solomon text. In this novel, Morrison places Milkman and Pilate in situations from which they can proceed in a variety of ways. The existential aspect of the book will be analyzed by focusing on the struggles that both of the main characters confront when attempting to make decisions about the course of their lives and overcoming obstacles. Morrison's method will be evaluated based on her ability to weave the preexisting social and cultural situations of the main characters into the fabric of numerous societies. Milkman's unwillingness to be controlled by conventional codes and his desire to adapt to the needs of his new being, both of which are emphasized in the study, are illuminated by the research. The research will concentrate on the two characters' distinct conceptions of who they are, as well as the perspective from which each character views the surrounding community, its morals and values, and the societal expectations placed on its members.

This research aims to study the color in the poetry of the Arab poet Mahmoud Sami Al-baroudi, considering color as one of the elements of the artistic image taken from the poet’s office as a model for this study.
These colors are white. Black، and red، and the use of other colors in his poetry، which are blue، green and yellow، as well as the multiple connotations that enriched the poetic text and revealed more psychological idea and artistic gifts in the poet’s poetry in an attempt to reveal its artistic value and aesthetic significance.
In this research and study، we shed light on the importance of the role of colors to be an essential tool in revealing the axis of artistic beauty in the literary text.

Since Covid19 is a contagious virus when infected, patients should follow the recommended instructions and precautions, the first was to stay isolated from the community as much as possible. (Public Health Agency of Sweden, 2020. Although social distancing has effectively resulted in slowing the virus’s spread, there are enormous challenges posed to societies to convince the public, especially in democratic countries, to stay-at-home at the essential outbreak (Engle et al. 2020; Fowler et al. 2020; Bilgin 2020; Abouk and Heydari 2020; Hale et al. 2020; Studdert and Hall 2020; Gostin and Hodge 2020). This study investigates the implied meanings in the speeches declaring COVID-19 a global pandemic and shedding light on associated ambiguity and implied meaning.
To what extent was the hidden meaning in line with the strength and ambiguity of the Covid-19 epidemic? For the pragmatic analysis, which is qualitative and quantitative, the model is: flouting Grice’s maxims (1975) utilizing the off-record strategies of politeness by Brown and Levinson (1978, 1987), and the data understudy were two political speeches which were: The South African President Ramasopha and the Nigerian President Buhari’ speeches addressing Covid19 as a global pandemic. The results reveal the connection between implicature and many other factors that contribute to its existence and which are included in the context.

Semiotics is characterized by the appearance of a number of schools, each school has its own vision and position in contemporary literary criticism.
These schools have branched out a set of directions and approaches. The search displays the most prominent schools of sima al - sard li is the school of tarry and the Italian school and the Paris school and discuss the methodology of each school and its.

The present paper concentrates on the linguistic behaviors prevailing in EFL students in Al-Anbar distinguished school for Girls. These behaviors are displayed through the choice of language, and politeness strategies employed by EFL students in their interaction with each other. Thus, the population of the current study is EFL students from the second intermediate and fifth preparatory classes in the secondary distinguished school for girls in Al-Anbar Province in the first and second semester of their academic year 2021-2022. Based on this population, a total of 40 students have volunteered to participate in this study. The age of the participants is in-between (14-17) years. Consequently, more than 30 samples of their online messages are collected by the researcher. These messages are sent by the participants of the study via Whatsapp groups established by the teachers of English language in this secondary distinguished school. To deeply explore the politeness strategies and to find the difference in age for these groups, these messages are analyzed by adopting the qualitative content analysis technique informed by Brown and Levisohn’s theory (1987) of politeness strategies. The findings reveal that EFL students from that school utilize various politeness strategies. Based on the frequency of these strategies, the researcher concludes that the age differences among participants play a pivotal role in determining the application and the choices of politeness strategies through their online interaction. As a result, the data of the present paper shows that participants from the fifth stage are more aware and knowledgeable of these strategies than those who are from the second intermediate stage.

The present study under the title "Critical discourse Analysis of Torturing Male Prisoners in Abu Ghraib in The Independent's Political reports" is interested in revealing issues of power, dominance and ideologies in the political reports which talk about violence against men in Abu Ghraib. Revealing these issues in the report will be according to the use of CDA approach depending on the two scholars who are interested in this approach, Tuen Van Dijk, Norman Fairclough. In this study, there is a use of language as a tool to express dominance, power and ideology. With these linguistic elements, the previous issues are exploited indirectly by the American forces.
We aim in this study to identify all the linguistic elements which symbolize violence in the selected report. Then, we will explain its function in this report which is used pragmatically. After that, we explain the issues of power, dominance and ideologies and check whether they are used in these reports implicitly or explicitly.
We selected one report to be analyzed in this paper. This report was taken from the British Newspaper "The Independent". Selecting these Extracts was based on the using of many linguistic elements which refer to violence in Abu Ghraib.
We used the qualitative approach in analyzing the data, because we deal with behavioral study, and it is the preferable approach in analyzing studies like these. In this method, we depend on the narrative way in the analysis rather than using numbers or statistics. The model adopted in this study will be an eclectic one depending on Fairclough's three-dimensional approach and Van Dijk's socio-cognitive approach. These models are interested in the texts with their social and cultural function.
The findings have included the use of linguistic elements of violence in these reports in many lines. The function of these linguistic elements was used indirectly in a hidden way. The study also revealed that issues of power, dominance and ideologies were exploited pragmatically in the American speeches. Our aims and hypotheses have been achieved in the findings and conclusions. In the last lines of chapter five, we gave some recommendations and suggestions for further studies.

The elimination of stylistic revelation of comments to different texts, and the revelation of discarding was known in ancient times as an investigation of the ancients but was applied in the critical field in the 1960s by Russian critics of both forms.
It is the first religious authority to influence Arabic creativity in general and Sufi literature in particular. The Quran, Hadith and Sunnah of the Prophet are the most important elements of the religious tradition theories that enriched the text, the
Our research on reading Baaonic poetry is based on applying the theory of the text to her religious poetry, revealing her attachment to the Hadith as the ranking that follows the Qur 'an and affirming her poetry at various levels.

"Politeness" is a culturally defined pattern of language use that enables the speaker to formulate appropriate speech acts like an apology. The speech act of apology is a part of pragmatics study and belongs to expressive speech acts. However, it cannot be separated from sociolinguistics because social factors such as social context, gender, and the participants' relationship can all have an impact on how apologizers make their apologies. The selection of the appropriate formulas of apology strategies to pay off violations of social norms is considered a hard task since it is based on some cultural and social norms. Thus, the present study aims to study the apology strategies used by Iraqi male/female postgraduate students at the University of Anbar, in addition to investigating the effect of gender on the use of polite apology strategies. An oral Discourse Completion Task was used as a data collection instrument, supported by a semi-structured interview. The data has been analysed using the descriptive analysis method, based on Leech’s (2014) classification of apology. The findings revealed that "expressing regret" was the most frequently used apology strategy. Furthermore, both genders used different indirect strategies to support their apologies. Both genders used a new supporting move, which is "admitting responsibility for in-group member’s fault." In conclusion, the gender of the participants has a slight effect on the choice of polite apology strategies. Moreover, social status and age were the most effective social factors as compared to the others.

Praise is an ancient poetic subject that appeared in pre-Islamic poetry, and in the poetic works of all ages until today. Most of the famous panegyrics were composed by men, this does not mean that this subject was restricted to men rather than women, but we have received poems of praise written by women of great magnificence and ingenuity at different ages. Indicating the motives behind it.

If the writer is concerned with all the details of his literary work in order to ensure his literary status, his attention to the title occupies his mind as it is the first thing the reader receives from the text. On the functional purpose of its establishment, rather, it also leads to its significance for the functional purpose of its establishment, for this reason the painters undertake the design of the architectural facades because they represent a painting that tops the architectural edifice, and is linked to it. The novelists who chose the titles of their works well, the choice does not come spontaneously, but depends primarily on his novelistic and rhetorical vision in order to highlight the content of the text, and then deliberately arouse the curiosity of the recipient and his desire to reveal his secrets and secrets through his reliance on displacement, paradox and contradiction

Cette recherche présente un tableau presque complète aux formes du non-dit qui se trouvent implicitement au texte littéraire. Afin de mieux révéler ces formes, nous choisissons cette fois une pièce du théâtre: les Rhinocéros d'Eugène Ionesco.
Nous pensons que cette pièce a beaucoup de choses à dévoiler. Nous la voyons comme le meilleur ouvrage pour notre thème. De fait, cette pièce figure la transformation négative de l'homme moderne, de ses valeurs morales et de son identité. A travers cet ouvrage, nous découvrons non seulement les formes du non-dit mais aussi son essence et sa signification.

The grammatical responses of Ibn Hisham varied in the footnote, some of which were in the structure of the millennium, and some of them were grammatical responses, and his response was to a grammatical doctrine, or to a specific scholar, and he mentioned what he saw as correct, and justified that, citing what his memory helped from the blessed Quranic verses or the hadiths of the Prophet, or poetic verses, and sometimes the grammarians make mistakes without explaining the cause.
And he responded to the grammarians on some issues, and he was deluded in his response to some of the grammarians in attributing a wrong opinion to them, and then he responds to this opinion, as Ibn Jinni and Ibn al-Nazim; The copy that was in the hands of Ibn Hisham contained an alteration or distortion. The reason for this is due to the lack of printing at that time, so this copy may have been mistakenly transmitted by its author.

Time constitutes a fundamental pillar in the entire narrative structure of the novel, as it is the element chosen by the author to narrate facts, events and ideas, and then convey them to the reader through a narrator or a narrator, who may be an unknown entity, or a self-contained entity (such as the author's personality) or A character appears and participates in the events of the story. Narrative texts that include the element of time lead to narrative paradoxes in the novel.

The economic crisis that occurred in Egypt during the reign of the Pharaohs, which was contemplated by the Prophet of God Joseph - peace be upon him - is a very difficult crisis for the Egyptians, especially that which is related to hunger and drought, as the warning of this crisis came through a vision seen by the pharaoh and the consequences mentioned in the holy Quran in Surah Yusuf.
The clever plans put by Prophet Yusuf - peace be upon him - to manage this crisis and control the danger, which was inevitable to afflict and harm them, included several measures: Working to increase the area of agricultural lands with a lot of irrigation and land reclamation projects, as it has spread among the Egyptians a culture of rationalization of consumption starting from the ruling class and ending with the simplest classes of society, and also built warehouses and equipped them to ensure the safety of storing agricultural crops, as he made things in his hands so that he could To apply procedures and measures on the ground to ensure that the crisis can be confronted and escaped safely, knowing that this crisis has struck the countries near and surrounding Egypt.
News about this crisis were delivered to us through the holy Qur’an, yet some vocabulary and words that carry an economic connotation, such as price, merchandise, measure, dirhams and other vocabulary, were mentioned, as the economic characteristic was inherent to the subject of the crisis in its events and ways of dealing with it.

It seems that the Jordanian government faced problems during the elections that were held in 1997, and these problems resulted from the position of some political parties that were objecting to the democratic approach that the Jordanian government was trying to promote and reflect on the international community as it pursues democratic methods in building the state, led by the parties that were It strongly opposes it and questions this approach (the elections), which is the Muslim Brotherhood movement. From the window, we must point out the role played by King Hussein bin Talal, as he made tours in many Jordanian governorates, especially those that witness the influence of the Muslim Brotherhood in them, to push them to large popular participation in the elections. The issue of boycotting the elections practiced by some parties and forces that was raising The slogan of national reform, and the representative in the Jordanian parliament no longer represented the nation, but was striving to achieve what his clan and government aspired to, and for this the state began to support some parties at the expense of others, especially the National Constitutional Party, to be its supporter with approval towards other parties that are trying to undermine the democratic elections that drawn up by the government for the year 1997.

The holidays are an opportunity for Muslims to celebrate their prayers, especially because they are closely related to their Shariah, and the following gives them an opportunity to celebrate and promote themselves and exaltation, which distracts them for some time from the hardships and pressures of daily life. As for those who share them in the country from other religions, except those who have customs and traditions that are naturally different from the Muslims, then, as a result of their religion, we introduced to them the holidays, they got used to paying them and obtaining some consolation through them for the enjoyment of the soul, and this is what we will discuss and discuss about the importance of this exaltation. And its nature and impact on the Maghreb Islamic society in this world

This research deals with the Arab tribe of Tamim, whose sons contributed to the development and prosperity of the scientific aspect in the regions of the Islamic East. Through research, we will learn about the creativity of Tamim scholars in various sciences. Tamim scholars showed their great contribution to intellectual life and presented a clear and clear picture that contributed to building the Arab-Islamic civilization. The scholars of Bani Tamim also sought to harness their scientific capabilities and knowledge capabilities to support the intellectual movement in the cities of the Islamic East regions in general, through a variety of methods, including the participation of scholars in public educational institutions, such as holding scientific councils in mosques, and giving lessons and lectures in schools, and providing Islamic libraries with the fruits of their scientific works. The knowledge exchange between the Arab countries and the regions of the Islamic East left great effects, the results of which were reflected in the prosperity of the Arab-Islamic civilization in general, and scientific trips were one of the methods of knowledge exchange. during their travels, and this is what we will study through research.

Al Kufa is one of the Islamic cities that enjoyed a special historical status, since it has a spiritual and civil presence in the history of the Islamic nation and the religious non-Islamic sectors. Originally speaking, the city was built on top of the remains of a Parthian city belonging to Vologases I (51-78AC). It is mentioned in the Bible 1st testament by the name of Akwala or Agola. Accordingly, historically, it is a Syriac city; while spiritually and religiously it is known as the home of the prophet Noah (Peace Be Upon Him) and the very place of which the holy fire of Noah evolved.
The term ‘Kufa’ comes from the term’s meaning and its linguistic references. Al Kufa in Lexical dictionaries is an utterance that refers to the land that has red sand or round sand, according to linguists it is the sand that is mixed with gravel. There is an opinion related to the fact that when the Islamic leader Saad Bin Abi Waqas decided to build Al Kufa he said to his soldiers “Takawafo fi Hadha Al Makan” meaning, Gather in this spot of land.
The establishment of the city of Al Kufa was military necessity, as it provided logistic support to the Islamic army that was the conqueror and the liberator of the lands outside the borders of Arabian peninsula. That is due to the importance of the geographical location of the area of Kufa, which created the need for a military camp and a location that may provide a strategic depth for the Islamic faith to spread more among other nations. That is in addition to what the area enjoys of the geographical features of being at the edge of the desert and it provided the healthy conditions for the life of Arabs and their animals.
For all the above reasons, Arabs chose Al Kufa to be the second Islamic city that was established after Al Basrah in 17H. / 638-639AC. Kufic society extended largely in the political life of Muslims. The city of Al Kufa is known for being politically stubborn, they were led by Imam Ali bin Abi Talib (Peace be Upon Him) (35-40H./ 656-660AC). He managed to spread the spirit of justice and equality among Arabs and those who lived in the city of non-Arabs and of other religious beliefs. He even commanded one of his employees in Kufa saying: “Beware not to hit a Muslim or a Jewish or a Christian, asking for Kharaj money [Islamic tax] or selling a working animal for tax, we are commanded to forgive and tolerate'', hence the Jewish and Christian with their fellow Muslims a share of religious tolerance and charity from the Righteous Caliphs (May Allah praise them)

Hanna Arendt tried to explain what totalitarian regimes are, and how war seeps into and relies on it to spread terror and the control of governments over peoples through it, as nations become oppressed, absent and far from reality. Totalitarian regimes have the task of control and terror to ensure their continued existence. There is no place left for peace to be achieved except through the pursuit of freedom and healthy and genuine communication among all.
Totalitarian regimes have no meaning of peace, as they turn individuals into masses and strip them of their individual existence into isolated victims through terrorism and violence. The goal of totalitarianism is to eliminate human action, so that freedoms disappear and authoritarianism prevails to impose power and control. All evil is a trivial and very ordinary act.
For Hanna Arendt, the path to peace is to create an oasis or a cultural-intellectual world, in which we communicate with ourselves and our subjects freely, an oasis in which an active and productive life, a new life with a new politics.

This research deals with the philosophy of religion, which is one of the branches of philosophy that is concerned with the free search for religion, so it does not try to search for the origins of that religion, defend it, or justify a belief. The essence of the philosophy of religion is one of the main topics that represented the religious experience,” which was addressed by the pragmatic philosopher William James. The individual would have had it not for this experience, and James considered prayer to be the spiritual means of communication between God and the individual, and it is one of the most prominent religious acts that express the sincerity of this relationship. The world through its manifestations.

This research aims to reveal the spatial variation of the cultivation of palm trees in the province of Babylon, and the cultivation of palm trees is one of the most prominent agricultural activities that occupy advanced sites at the level of the province, and the reason for this is the human and natural conditions that have a significant impact on the spread and production of palm trees in it. Since this activity formed a region specialized in palm cultivation in general, as well as the cultivation of multiple varieties of dates, this research came to find out the spatial analysis of the number of palm trees and their production in the governorate for the period from 2006-2017, in which the number of palm trees reached 6,809,583 palm trees. And then understand the nature of the distribution of these numbers and their production at the level of the administrative units that make up the province of Babil through a set of statistics, graphs and maps that show the extent of the variation in them through the use of the (Arc GIS 10.8) program, especially as they are tools that can be employed in a way that contributes to Statement of the focus of this phenomenon, and the research dealt with the spatial analysis of palm cultivation and its production, and it was found that there is an administrative unit in the province of Babylon, which is the district of Shomali, which occupied the first place in the number of palm trees and its production, and the research was limited to one type of dates to export its production in the province of Babylon.

The research aims to identify the size of the economically inactive population in Iraq, the extent of their spatial variation, and what are the variables associated with that, and to reach the relative size of the spatial relationships associated with the phenomenon, the statistical bag (spss) was adopted using the Pearson correlation coefficient, and the research reached a set of results, the most important of which is The rate of the economically inactive population aged (12 years and over) in Iraq reached (67.4%) for the year 2021, It varied according to the governorates, as (Dhi Qar governorate) ranked first with a rate of (76.1%), while the governorates of (Erbil and Babil) came with the lowest rate of (65%) for each. Among them in the rates of the study phenomenon and its variables in seventeen stages, and the most homogeneous of them were the governorates of (Nineveh and Maysan), with the highest coefficient of convergence between them reaching (1.6), while the most diverging were the governorates of (Dohuk and Nineveh), where the value of the convergence coefficient between them reached (202).

This study deals with the environmental classification of natural plants in the east of Wasit governorate, as there are many types of classifications of natural plants, and in our research, the environmental classification of natural plants was highlighted, as the plants were linked to the geomorphological phenomena of the surface of the region, and the plants in the region were classified on six plant environmental types, namely (nesting Hills environment, Sabkhat environment, grassy steppe environment, river banks environment– woody plants, river banks environment prominent plants(

The study aims to identify the close and mutual relationship between soil and water resources, as the soil nourishes the basins of water resources in the Qalatubzan region, which is located in the Sulaymaniyah Governorate, in the Kalar district, between two latitudes (35° 4ʹ 56ʹʹ _25ʹ 53° 34) north. and between (45° 35ʹ 6ʹʹ - 53ʹ 21° 45) east longitude, and because the study area is distinguished by the diversity of soils in it, which affected the irrigation projects. The highest percentage of land suitability within the assembly plain unit reached (32.8%) of the total area of the study area and (21.95%), as this category is characterized by its high suitability for agricultural use. All this is due to the effectiveness of the positive role of geographic information systems (GIS) technology in studying the components of the natural environment of water basins and achieving accurate results as well as shortening time, effort and cost.

Morphometer analysis is an entry point for studying and understanding hydrological and geomorphological processes, as it provides an engineering description for water disposal ponds and networks on the basis of quantitatives through the application of mathematical equations or clues, in order to determine the shape of the river pelvis and its terrain and surveying characteristics, river drainage network and patterns, which reflect the effect of the natural factors of river ponds Like the ground structure, the nature of rocks, climatic characteristics, terrain, and natural plant density, as well as human factors, these factors have a significant effect in the activity of water erosion and aquatic sediment responsible for the characteristics and characteristics of the pelvis itself in terms of expanding the pelvis and increasing its area and determining its shape and the geomorphological phase that it reached and ground forms.
The morphometric characteristics of the drainage basins were extracted based on the digital elevation model (DEM) with an accuracy of (30) meters, and the (Arc Gis 10.8) program. After defining the basin and calculating its characteristics and the river network using mathematical equations and placing them in tables that must be analyzed to benefit from hydrology and geomorphology.

The current study dealt with the qualitative characteristics of the soil of the Iraqi coast and the future potential for investment. The outputs of this study could constitute an applied database for future projects, if there was serious development and management of the coastal environment and investment of the waterfront and its development in an optimal way to keep pace with coastal investments in other regions of the world that have conditions similar to the conditions of the characteristics The quality of the soils of the Iraqi coast. The study area, which is represented by the Iraqi coast, is located in the province of Basra in southern Iraq, with an area of 1248,408 km2, represented by the end of the land and its connection with the waters of the Arabian Gulf, and astronomically, it lies between (30ً 38َ 48ْ) – (50ً 50َ 47ْ) east and two latitudes ( 18ً 12َ 30 (ً 54َ 29ْ) North. An introduction to soil and classification of soils in the study area was reviewed according to Biornck classification and FAO classification. (10) samples were taken from the study area along the Iraqi coastline. The physical properties of soils, including soil texture, were represented In the soil texture triangle, the research also dealt with the chemical properties of soil and the most important elements affecting the study area, including organic matter (OM) and pH. Ni (ph), salinity (Sat), rate of dissolved salts (TDS), positive ions including calcium ion (Ca+), sodium ion (Na+), iron (Fe+), magnesium (Mg+), negative ions including sulfate (SO4-), bicarbonate (HCO3-) and chlorides (CL-) and nitrates (NO3-), and the conclusions were reached to several things, including that the soil of the Iraqi coast is of the alluvial clay type, which is suitable for cultivation in most of the coastal regions.

This research has focused his studies on the most important thing going through Arab and regional societies, including the Iraqi society from the political and social transformations, economic and cultural result of regime change toward democratic model for the institutions of power under proven and traditional and other social institutions and its adherence to traditional culture adopts frameworks, ideas and methods of upbringing secrete an individual and a group of consciousness politician depends on inherited historical pattern of social relations between the components of society as well as the relationship between those groups and political power make democracy is just a theory is viable concepts and realistic because it contradicts with the nature of the social system, structures and formats constituent ideas only if the worker community with those concepts and insert it into the cultural his system fueled by its members through socialization and this is what suffers our communities from not having to keep the gap between the political system evolution theory forward and setback of the community about the roots of traditional culture to protect the cultural identity and social specificity of the concepts developed by the outsider it does not fit the nature or social structure, trying to amend these concepts and adapted commensurate with perceptions to produce a political and social system and hybrid.

It is a fact that leisure time is linked to the nature of permanent construction in society، the level of civilized development، the degree of complexity of social life، and the productive and technological system. Participation is not، in their opinion، a way to spend leisure time. It all means an organized way of life in society، which must be taught and followed by children. The aim of this research is to know the benefits and harms of leisure time and its positive and negative effects on the child. Several results emerged from this study، the most important of which are:
1- Parents follow up on their children and make use of their free time.
2- The economic factor of the family has an impact on children's leisure time utilization.
3- There are statistically significant differences between the child's age and the parents' consideration of age differences with regard to the division of leisure time for their children.

The study investigates the role of social work in developing health awareness within schools in Iraqi society
The objectives of this study were determined to reveal the extent of the contribution of school social work in guiding students towards a sound health status، and to know the role of school social work in promoting awareness among students about the most prominent health problems that the student may be exposed to at this stage and knowing his role in educating the staff Educational in the prevention of health problems، and knowledge of the impact of health problems on the student’s academic level، the type of study is descriptive field study that relied on collecting The necessary data and information about the study community، and this was done by using the social survey method and adopting some data collection tools such as questionnaire، observation and interview in order to collect accurate information.

This study aims to identify the available artificial intelligence techniques, how to connect them to criminology, and how to use them in order to benefit from them in order to analyze crimes, discover their patterns, and take advantage of algorithms that help reduce crimes. This is to determine the importance of artificial intelligence systems in analyzing crimes and their patterns.
In addition to the most popular data science languages, artificial intelligence algorithms, data gathering and analysis techniques, data mining mechanisms, and criminal patterns, the study revealed numerous concepts underlying artificial intelligence systems.
The study's findings include the following: using artificial intelligence in crime analysis shortens the time required for the analysis process; machine learning helps track crime and hotspots; and the most significant barrier to using artificial intelligence in Arab crime analysis is the dearth of qualified human resources. the lack of ongoing improvement, the absence of a precise and organized mechanism for gathering crime statistics, and the scarcity of data.
One of the study's most crucial recommendations is to focus on academic specializations in data science, gather the most data possible to increase the effectiveness of the analysis, and set up an Arab police association to regularly exchange experiences and knowledge, particularly between the Gulf Cooperation Council countries.