Sumer University Journal for humanity science

This research aims to identify "skills (teaching - guidance) among students applied from the point of view of educational and scientific supervisors" and in order to
achieve this researchers prepared a note card for teaching skills - guidance and the number (40) skills, by (20) skills related to teaching, and (20) skills related to guidance and divided into two areas of professional performance, and the field of personality traits. After confirming the sincerity and stability of the tool, represented by the observation card adopted by the researchers in this research, and after the observation card is ready In its final form, the researchers distributed it to a sample of educational and scientific supervisors numbering (30) teaching and teaching with experience and knowledge from the professors of the Department of Educational and Psychological Sciences at the College of Education for Educational Sciences / University of Wasit on the research sample of (114) applied and applied.
Using the weighted mean and percentage weight, the researchers found that the performance of the applicants of the Department of Educational and Psychological Sciences was acceptable in the skill (scientific aspect), and relatively acceptable in the field of (educational aspect). He was weak in counseling skills (the field of professional performance , and the domain of personality traits).

Identifying the strategy of challenges and potentials in improving the skills in fragmented thinking، and mental habits for the subject and evaluation of the basic objectives: (There is no statistically significant difference in the average of the scores of the first group with the strategy of challenges and potentials and the average of the second scores who will study according to the usual in a test in fragmented thinking، and the second variable is mental habits)، the experimental design was adopted for two equivalent groups، the third stage was chosen intentionally، and the equivalences were conducted for the two groups in Variables: (parents’ achievement، previous grades in the measurement and evaluation subject)، the fragmented thinking consisting of (27) paragraphs، and a scale of mental habits consisting of (64) paragraphs were carried out، which the researchers prepared the two tools based on previous studies، and the validity and reliability were calculated.

The research aimed to study the effectiveness of a strategy based on mathematical proficiency in developing mathematical achievement and the attitude towards it among secondary school students. The research sample was first year secondary school students, numbering (54) students. To achieve the research objective, the researcher prepared an achievement test in mathematics consisting of (40) items. The measure of attitude towards the subject consists of (23) items, and the reliability value of the two research tools reached (80), research on students, and the researcher used the quasi-experimental method with one group with a pre- and post-test.
The results of the research showed that there were statistically significant differences at the level of significance (α = 0.05) between the pre- and post-applications on the sample of students in the achievement test and the attitude scale in favor of the post-application. There was a noticeable effect between the scores of the research sample group pre- and post-applications in the achievement test and the
trend scale in favor of the post-application. On average, and in light of these results, the researcher recommends conducting studies on mathematical proficiency on basic education students to develop mathematical thinking skills, and studies to demonstrate the impact of mathematical proficiency on other variables or other subjects, holding courses, discussion groups, and training workshops on mathematical proficiency for student teachers in colleges or teachers. And mentors in schools and secondary schools during service.

The current research aims to identify the level of physical abuse and its relationship to psychological adjustment among students with difficulties from the point of view of their teachers. The research sample consisted of (100) male and female teachers distributed among (25) centers in Dhi Qar Governorate. They were chosen intentionally, and given the nature of the research, the researcher adopted the descriptive approach. To achieve the research objectives, the researcher prepared a physical abuse scale consisting of (20) items, and a psychological adjustment scale.
The validity and reliability of the scale was verified, and the statistical analysis package (spss) was adopted to extract the results. The results showed:
The results of the research showed that the level of physical abuse is below average, and this indicates that implementing regulations and instructions that stipulate respecting the rights of the child and observing them during teaching, and dealing with the child with respect, so the child feels safe and secure, and that the level of psychological adjustment is appropriate and that the relationship between physical abuse and psychological adjustment is direct whenever The greater the physical abuse, the lower the level of psychological adjustment.
The researcher recommended the following:
1. The need to hold conferences and seminars for teachers of children with learning difficulties to introduce them to physical abuse.
2. The educational media publish bulletins and publications that highlight physical abuse in all government institutions to eliminate it.
3. Educating schools, including teachers and all of society, about the rights of the child and his right to live a dignified life free of violence.
4. Introducing teachers of children with learning difficulties into rehabilitation and development courses to provide them with the necessary skills and scientific expertise that will help them deal with children to increase the level of psychological adjustment among children.

The developments witnessed by the human environment in the fields of science technology, and increasing economic development, ,Excessive exploitation of ntural resources without taking into account environmental controls,and the struggle over resources, It has led to the emergence of problems that threaten human environmental rights, It has implications that cross international borders. Hence it could create international invironmental disputes and threaten international peace and security,Therefore it is inevitable to resort to peaceful means to settle these disputes,Among the most important international mechanisms for settling that disputes are international judicial mechanisms.

The current research aims to identify the role of cognitive flexibility theory in enhancing information literacy skills among students of the College of Basic Education - Sumer University. To achieve this, the two researchers chose the descriptive, correlational approach, and the research sample consisted of (120) male and female students from the first grades teacher department for the academic year (2023-2024), and the research tools were the cognitive flexibility scale, consisting of

The current research aims to identify environmental awareness among sixth-grade primary school students. The researcher built the scale according to cognitive theory (Simmons, 2003). The scale consists of (18) items distributed over three areas, then it was verified the psychometric properties of the scale, the researcher designed the counseling program for the purposes of verifying the research objectives in the style of rational emotive behavioral therapy for (Alice). The program was applied to the experimental group, distributed over (11) sessions, two sessions on each week. The duration of the session was (45) minutes. Processing the data using the statistical program (SPSS). The results indicated that the program has an impact on developing environmental awareness among members of the experimental group. Based on the results, the researcher presented a number of recommendations and conclusions. ‏

1- Tolerance among preparatory school students.
2- The significant of Statistical differences in the level of tolerance among preparatory school students according to the variables of gender (males، females) and type (biological، applied)
. The sample of the current research consisted of (258) male and female students who were selected in a stratified random way from preparatory school students in Baghdad Governorate according to the gender and type variable. The researcher built a research tool consisting of (40) items distributed over (4) areas: (social tolerance، tolerance Religious، political tolerance، and intellectual tolerance. The researcher verified the psychometric properties of the research tool and then applied it to the research sample. The researcher used several statistical methods to achieve the research objectives، which are (T-test for one sample، T-test for two independent
samples، the Cronbach equation، Pearson correlation coefficient and analysis of variance) The study has presented the following results:
1- The existence of Tolerance low among preparatory school students.
2- There are differences Statistically significant in the level of tolerance among preparatory school students according to the variables of gender (males، females) and type (biological، applied) According to the results، several recommendations and suggestions have been set forward

Judicial impartiality can be described as a judicial approach that stands in the middle between deciding and not deciding on the dispute before the court, in a clearer sense that the judge takes a negative position on the process of deciding the case or decides on it, but without interference and is satisfied with resolving the dispute, as his role is limited to receiving requests and evidence presented. He must study it and estimate its value, without advising the administration or directing it to a specific matter or putting himself in its position, or anything that would be considered as interference in its work.
It should be noted that violating the functional specialization of the administrative judiciary leads to the transformation of the judiciary into an administrative facility, which destroys the majesty and prestige of the judiciary, and this is not consistent with the essence of the desired judicial role. Aware of the importance of shedding light on the impartiality of the judicial approach, which is represented by the policy of dissociation, as well as the policy of invoking lack of specialization, as two images that embody in their reality such an approach.

the number of students in the control group was (26) students who studied in the traditional method. The researcher was rewarded in the following variables (age - intelligence - previous information - The general average), the researcher prepared the research tool, a concept acquisition test consisting of (30) concepts and each concept includes (definition, distinction, application). Thus, the research concept acquisition test consisted of (90) multiple-choice type items, and the research results showed the superiority of the group. The experimental study, which was taught according to the concept ladders strategy, on the students of the control group, which was studied according to the usual method, in testing the acquisition and retention of research concepts among the students of the first-grade teacher’s department in the subject of the educational research methodology.

Education is the main engine in building all societies, the development of civilizations, and the advancement of individuals. It is an organized process provided by families, schools, universities, and community institutions with the aim of transferring skills and knowledge to individuals, eliminating illiteracy, and developing individuals’ attitudes. We will detail in this modern research its concept. And the relationship between education and training. Education is a necessary process for a person in his private and public life. It is a series and network of values and actions that adults create in children with the aim of facilitating and facilitating their integration into society, as well as helping them change their situations and improve their actions for the purpose of mastering life skills, and being the way that facilitates them to adapt to their surroundings and achieve harmony and harmony with their environment. One of its characteristics, characteristics and foundations is rapid change and continuous transformation.

Children are the leaders of the future, rather they are the future, and they are the hope for building a dignified homeland. Therefore, childhood should be the safe period for growth, learning and play, and filled with an abundant share of love, care and protection, until its full capabilities are developed. However, at least a quarter of the world’s children do not enjoy this Rights, although this is the case of children in the world, according to several reports, the suffering of children in Iraq, which has been exhausted by wars, is cruller and suffering.
The current century has witnessed the emergence of many international agreements and governmental and non-governmental organizations, which have taken a number of strategies to protect children in crises. Several resolutions and declarations for the protection of children have emerged from the United Nations, and Iraq has developed several legislation and strategies for child protection, and despite all international efforts and their repercussions On the internal Iraqi legislation, but the suffering of children and the danger surrounding them still exists.
In the new democratic Arab and European countries, feminist movements play an important role in societies. These movements seek to change corrupt systems and challenge social structures in Morocco and other countries. In order to control these movements and present a positive image of the treatment of women, governments establish laws and rights that enhance women's rights and make the country appear
advanced, but they may not significantly affect women's reality , Feminist movements in Morocco mainly focus on these laws and seek to include their agenda in legislation, but the authorities ignore these demands and refuse to recognize their initiatives. Consequently, the activity of feminist movements is restricted and the government attempts to contain any feminist movements that threaten the existing order ,This strategy is part of the government's efforts to limit the influence of the feminist movement, and has been used in several historical cases in Morocco. Governments must recognize women's rights and support their efforts, rather than trying to suppress their voices and restrict their activism.

The crime of Abduction individuals and its associated offenses, particularly forced disappearance, are among the most widespread criminal phenomena in many countries worldwide, especially in Iraq.The crime of Abduction individuals may be perpetrated by ordinary individuals to achieve specific aims such as financial extortion, rape, or with the aim of financing terrorist activities. Alternatively, it may be committed by individuals working for governments or entities acting on their behalf, with the aim of achieving personal objectives through the public policy and how its contribution is manifested through monitoring the constitutionality of laws or the issue of legislative deficiencies.

This research aims at analyzing the final examination of Pedagogical subjects in the elementary grades teacher department according to Bloom's taxonomy of knowledge level. To achieve the aim, the researcher uses content analysis. The research is limited to the subjects' questions of Bachelors' students (first - fourth) for the academic year (2023-2024), and the sample contains (150) questions. Formats have been prepared which include criteria that have been adopted from Bloom’s taxonomy for all knowledge level objectives in order to measure the questions which are qualified by experts in teaching methods. The Cooper equation, percentage, and percentage weight are employed as the statistical means. After classification and data processing. Statistically, the results showed that questions represented only four levels of Bloom’s taxonomy, which are : (Remembering 66.66%, Understanding 25.33%, Application 4.66%, Analysis 3.33%). In the light of the results, recommendations and suggestions have been put.

The importance of the current research stems from the importance of the social studies subject and how to prepare scientific staff capable of keeping up with the changes of the times and interacting with these changes. The social studies subject is considered one of the necessary subjects to prepare the competent teacher in order to use what is best for teaching social subjects and transform the learning subject from a negative process into a process that better reflects it The needs of scientific knowledge necessary for the challenges of the times.
Research objective: The research aims to do the following:
- Evaluating the performance of social studies teachers in secondary schools in light of their educational competencies.
- Determining the competencies necessary for the performance of social studies teachers in secondary schools.
Research limits: The research is limited to the following:
- teachers of social studies in secondary schools for morning study in the Second Rusafa Education Directorate/outskirts of eastern Baghdad.
Research methodology: - For the purpose of achieving the research objectives, the researcher prepared a questionnaire consisting of (60) competencies distributed over (5) areas, and after presenting the list of competencies to a group of specialists and experts in measurement, evaluation, and teaching methods, some modifications were made, and in its final form there were (50) competencies. The researcher used the following statistical methods, the Pearson correlation coefficient to calculate the stability of the tool, the weighted mean to calculate the severity of the paragraph, and the percentage weight to indicate the value of each paragraph of the tools.

This research, tagged with (the crime of practicing the security protection profession without a permit (analytical study)), deals with an important topic related to the practice and provision of private security companies and their employees to those who request them from natural and legal persons without following the legal procedures drawn up by the legislator in the necessity of obtaining On the license to practice the profession before practicing this business, which is one of the innovations of the criminalization policy pursued by the Iraqi legislator in the Private Security Companies Law No. 52 of 2017, within the framework of Article (25) thereof, which punishes anyone who practices the profession of security protection without a permit with imprisonment and a fine Not less than (100,000,000) one hundred million Iraqi dinars, unless the law provides for a more severe penalty. This matter is calculated by the legislator in order to deter private security companies in the event of their breach of their legal duties. We have dealt
with the topic of the research according to a plan consisting of two sections, we devoted the first section to examining the concept of the crime of practicing the profession of private security protection, while the second section dealt with the objective provisions of the crime in question by dealing with its general elements and its penal effects, so that we conclude our research with a conclusion that includes the most important findings of the research From the results and proposals, we hope the Iraqi legislator will listen to them, and from that we recommended expanding the scope of criminal behavior in a manner that accommodates the occurrence of the activity intentionally or negligently, as well as proposing to add the phrase “and the funds of the private security company shall be a guarantor in all cases to meet the rulings of financial fines” to The inability of Article (25) of the law in question.

The current research aims to Measuring the productive orientation for University employees and identify the significance of differences in productive orientation according to sex (males، females). For the purpose of achieving this goal، the researcher chose a sample consisting of (400) male and female from of Karbala University employeesyear (2022-2023). The researcher built a measure the productive orientation based on the theory (Fromm ، 1972). The researcher also statistically analyzed the items and verified the psychometric properties of (validity، reliability). After confirming the validity of the tool through validity and reliability indicators، applying this tool to the research sample and then collecting the data and processing it statistically ، The current research concluded that of Karbala University employees feel the productive orientation. The results also indicated that there are no statistically significant differences in the productive orientation according to sex. In light of these results reached in the current research، a set of recommendations and proposals were developed.

Today, the world is witnessing a significant development in the concept of community cooperatives, as they are considered an effective tool for achieving sustainable development and social well-being. This research aims to study the legal nature of the work of community cooperatives and their role in achieving well-being. Community cooperatives are defined as organizations with voluntary membership, whose members aim to achieve common benefits through cooperation and teamwork. These cooperatives focus on strengthening the economic and social capabilities of their members and the local community. The research addresses the legal nature of cooperatives by reviewing the laws and legislation that regulate their work in various countries. These laws include the following: National laws: which determine the requirements for establishing and managing cooperatives, and provide legal protection to their members. And international laws: such as the principles of the International Labor Organization (ILO) and the International Association of Cooperatives (ICA) that encourage the development of cooperatives and enhance their role in sustainable development. The role of cooperatives in achieving well-
being: Cooperatives play an important role in achieving social and economic well-being through: Providing job opportunities: Cooperatives contribute to creating sustainable job opportunities and improving the income levels of their members. And promoting social justice: by providing social services such as education and health care to its members. And supporting the local economy: Cooperatives enhance the local economy by investing in small and medium enterprises.

This research aims to identify the difficulties of teaching and learning Arabic rhetoric in the preparatory stage from the point of view of Arabic language teachers. The researchers followed the descriptive research method, and the research sample consisted of (30) male and female teachers who were randomly selected from Arabic language teachers in the Al-Rifai Education Department/Dhi Qar Education Directorate. To achieve the research objective, the researchers prepared a questionnaire consisting of (27) paragraphs distributed over (3) main areas that include various difficulties with a three-tiered gradation. After verifying its validity and reliability, the questionnaire was applied to the research sample. After statistically processing the data, the researchers reached several results that show the nature of those difficulties, including: the weakness of the students' linguistic stock, and that most texts containing the arts of rhetoric do not concern themselves with clarifying the rhetorical rule, as they were presented in a brief manner, and therefore they are difficult to understand and apply, in addition to the ineffectiveness of the teaching methods employed in teaching them. In light of the results, the researchers presented a set of recommendations and suggestions.

The right to privacy is one of the most prominent rights that affect human freedom and dignity, as it limits interference with and unwanted exploitation of private data and information. In light of technological development and after individuals and institutions use modern communications technologies, many systems, information, and data have been compromised, which has prompted legislators in many countries to create a legal regulation that protects the right to privacy and ensures the safety of private. The Iraqi Constitution of 2005 defined the content of this right, and stipulated the inviolability of homes and correspondence, while the Iraqi Civil Law only stipulated the right to name and title, and did not address the civil liability arising from it. Therefore, we must investigate extended liability. Intention arising from an action other than the law.

The aim of the research is to identify “the effectiveness of the implemented guidance strategy in acquiring educational concepts and scientific argumentation skills in the subject of teaching thinking among students of the College of Basic Education.” To achieve the two objectives of the research, two null hypotheses were formulated. The researchers adopted an experimental design for two equal groups. They chose the first-grade teacher’s section intentionally. Conducting equivalence for the two groups in the variables: (previous information, intelligence), and with regard to the two research tools, a test for the acquisition of educational concepts
consisting of (36) items was prepared, and the second tool was the scientific argumentation skills test consisting of (20) items distributed over five skills, which are (Setting priorities, determining cause and effect, verifying arguments, distinguishing between truth and claim, identifying rejection and counter-argument). Honesty, reliability, the coefficient of ease and difficulty, the coefficient of discrimination, and the effectiveness of false alternatives for this test were calculated. The results showed that the students of the experimental group who studied with the accomplished guidance strategy outperformed the students of the experimental group. The control who study according to the effective lecture method in acquiring educational concepts for the subject of teaching thinking and improving scientific argumentation skills among students of the first grades teacher’s department. In light of this, the researchers came up with a number of conclusions, recommendations and proposals that were mentioned in the fourth chapter

The current research aims to identify:The mental skills included in the biology textbook for the first intermediate grade in light of the Marzano model. The researcher adopted the descriptive analytical approach, and the community was represented by the biology textbook for the first intermediate grade for the academic year (2023-2024). The sample represents the content of the biology book for the first intermediate grade for the first three semesters. In order to achieve the research goal, the researcher prepared the analysis tool represented by a list of mental skills according to Marzano’s classification. The analysis tool consisted of (8) main skills and (21) sub-skills with indicators indicating them.
To verify the validity of the research tool, the tool was presented with an analysis model to a group of arbitrators in the field of teaching methods and curricula. Most of the tool items obtained an agreement rate of (100%).
The results showed that the content included (94) repetitions at a rate of (100%), distributed among (8) main mental skills and (19) achieved sub-mental skills. In light of these results, the researcher presented a number of recommendations and proposals.

The aim of the current research is to identify the level of anger among pre-school orphan children and the methods of socialization, as well as the correlation between anger and the methods of socialization of pre-school orphan children. In order to achieve the objectives of the current research, the researcher prepared two scales of anger and socialization methods based on the frameworks. The theory and previous standards, as the number of items in the anger scale in its final form was (20) items, while the socialization styles scale consists of six styles: (neglect, assertive, domineering, lenient, democratic, and oscillating). Each style consists of (5) items except The first method, neglect, consists of (6) items. Its psychometric properties have been confirmed, and the administration was applied to a purposive sample consisting of (150) orphans who were randomly selected intentionally from government kindergartens next to Al-Karkh and Al-Rusafa for the General Directorate of Education in Baghdad for the academic year 2022-2023.
In light of the objectives of the current research, the following results were reached:
1-The current research sample of orphan children has high anger
2-The five methods (firm, domineering, lenient, democratic, and oscillating) were all used to care for the orphan to varying degrees, except for the neglect method, which was the method most used by the educator.
3-There is a direct relationship between (anger) and each of the styles (neglect, assertive, domineering, lenient, and vacillating), but it appeared insignificant with the democratic style at a significance level of (0.05).
In light of the results, the researcher developed a set of recommendations and proposals.

The educational counselor has the fundamental and effective role in the counseling process، as a contributor to helping the counselors and solving their problems، in addition to the process that the counselor carries out to directly or indirectly express his inner emotional and emotional state through facial expressions، physical movements، verbal expressions، and voices. The educational counselor is considered a role model. He is a model of ethical behavior، so his role and responsibilities require that he be of good moral ability and ability، guidance tasks assigned him، because he thus contributes to bringing about positive change in the guidance situation، so the research aimed to identify:
1- Positive emotional display among educational counselors.
2- There is no statistical difference according to the gender variable in the positive emotional display of educational counselors.
3- There is no statistical difference according to the variable (experience) in the positive emotional display of educational counselors.
4- Moral empowerment among educational counselors.
5- There is no statistically significant difference in moral empowerment according to the variable “gender” among educational counselors.
6- There is no statistical difference according to the variable (experience) in moral empowerment among educational counselors.
7- There is a correlation between the two research variables، positive emotional display and moral empowerment among educational counselors.
• The approved research method: In his current research، the researcher adopted (the descriptive، correlational method) as it is the must appropriate method for nature of the research and its procedures.
• The research procedures are: The carrent research poulation consists of (567) educational counselors working in general education in Dhi Qar Governorate، and that research sample of (200) male and female counselors was chosen، with (100) male and (100) female educational counselors (2023). – 2024)، and to (positive emotional display and moral empowerment) in light of the literature، frameworks and theoretical models that explained the two research variables، as the measure of positive emotional display consisted of (22) items، while the answer alternatives were graded. The four ،When correcting the items of the scale، the following weights items that trend in the direction of the variable. As for the moral empowerment scale، it is of (1، 2، 3، 4). 20) paragraphs. The answer alternatives are the same in the first variable and take the same correction. That psychometric properties of the two scales were exitracted froom (validity & reliability)، and dataa were statistically analyzed using th Staatistical Package for the Social Sciences and the results showed the following:
1- That research sample has a high percentage of positive emotional expression.
2-There is no statistical difference based on the gender variable in the positive emotional display of educational counselors..
3-There is a statistically significant difference according to the variable of experience in the positive emotional display of educational counselors.
4- The current research sample has a good percentage of moral mastery.
5- There is no statistically significant difference in moral empowerment according to the variable “gender among educational counselors.
6- There is a statistically significant difference according to the experience variable in moral empowerment among educational counselors.
7- There is a correlation between the two research variables، positive emotional display and moral empowerment among educational counselors.

The present study aims to identify: the degree of persuasive intelligence and the degree of intellectual extremism of university students identify differences are according to the gender variable (Males-Females) and specialization (Scientific – humanistic) and know the relationship between persuasive intelligence and intellectual extremism. For achieving the research's objectives, adopted the (جاسم،2018) scale of persuasive intelligence which including (22) an items and adopted the (حسين، 2019) scale intellectual extremism which including (38) an items, verified tools psychometric characteristics by administering the tools on a sample of (200) University students, The research found that the sample has persuasive intelligence, with no statistically significant differences in the variable of gender and specialization in the persuasive intelligence scale, and that the sample has a lower than average score in the intellectual extremism scale, and according to the sex variable, the result is in favor of males, the relationship is inverse between Persuasive intelligence and intellectual extremism.

The current research aims to identify:
1- Building a proposed teaching model according to the theory of response criticism.
2- Identifying the effectiveness of the proposed teaching model according to the theory of response criticism in the achievement of students in basic education colleges in the teaching methods course.
To achieve the research objectives, the researcher built a teaching model according to the assumptions of response criticism theory, which included a set of steps. For the purpose of identifying the effectiveness of the teaching model, the researcher formulated the following null hypotheses: There is no statistically significant difference at the significance level (0.05) between the average achievement scores of the experimental group students who will study using the proposed teaching model in accordance with the response criticism theory and the average achievement scores of the control group students who will study according to the normal method in the achievement test for the teaching methods course.” The research sample of students was (58) male and female students, with (29) male and female students in the experimental group, and (29) male and female students in the control group. The researcher conducted parity between the two research groups in the variables (chronological age calculated in months, and parents’ academic achievement).
To reach the results of the research and test its hypotheses, the researcher prepared a tool. The tool was an achievement test consisting of (20) multiple-choice items, and the researcher verified its psychometric properties.

The research aims to:
1. Identifying the level of clever thinking among students of the College of Basic Education.
2. Identify the differences in clever thinking between males and females.
3. Identifying the correlation between clever thinking and academic achievement among students of the College of Basic Education.
To achieve the research objectives, the researcher used the descriptive analytical method, as the research community consisted of all students of the Faculty of Basic Education at Sumer University (males - females) for the academic year (2022-2023). The research sample amounted to (100) male and female students, with a total of (50) students. And (50) female students. The researcher adopted a scale (Al-Saffar, 2008) to measure students’ clever thinking. It consisted of (30) items, and after the researcher used the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) program to
process the data statistically. The results revealed a correlation between the level of clever thinking and academic achievement among students of the College of Basic Education. A number of recommendations and proposals were presented in light of the final results of the research.

In order to verify this, the researcher referred to the automatic null hypothesis: there is no statistically significant difference at the level( 50.0) between the average achievement scores of the students of the experimental group who study the expression subject according to the strategy of the methodology, and the students of the control group who study the same subject in the usual way. The researcher randomly selected the star school for those in the center of the province of Babylon for the universe on his armpit, as the number of students reached (14) students, with a rate of (32) students in each of the experimental and control groups. , academic achievement of modesty, academic achievement of mothers, end- of- year exam scores for the Arabic language subject for the year (2022-The researcher prepared summative reports to measure the level of achievement of the students after
completing the experiment based on a scale, that the test be of an expressive subject, and its validity was confirmed after presenting it to a group of experts and arbitrators, and its stability was verified after applying it to a reconnaissance curse of a student consisting of 65 students. , and the correlation value was).
And analyzing the results, the researcher used the following statistical methods: the second test of two committees with two ends, two recruits, correlation coefficient (Pearson), arithmetic, stability of news, chi- square, difficulty equation, equation). In the light of these results, the researcher recommended a set of recommendations,

The research aims to identify (the effectiveness of the contract learning strategy in the ability of fifth grade scientific students to employ Qur’anic verses and Prophetic hadiths in life situations),The research sample consisted of (72) female students from the fifth scientific grade at (Sawda Bint Zam’a Secondary School for Girls) affiliated with the Nineveh Education Directorate for the academic year (2023-2024), which were chosen intentionally. Among the schools in the city of Mosul, and by a random drawing method, the group chose (A) to represent the experimental group consisting of (35) female students who will study according to the nodal learning method, and (B) to represent the control group, a group consisting of (37) female students who will study according to the usual method. To verify the research objective, the researcher relied on an experimental design. The researcher prepared, with two equal groups, a tool to test the use of Qur’anic verses and Prophetic hadiths, consisting of (15) items. The researcher verified its validity and reliability, and the researcher applied it after completing the experiment and after analyzing the results statistically using a t-test for two independent samples. There is
a statistically significant difference. At the level of (0.05) between the averages of employing Qur’anic verses and Prophetic hadiths among members of the experimental and control groups in favor of the experimental group.

The study of organizational commitment and its relationship to administrative success among primary school principals in Dhi Qar, Al-Rifai District, addresses several important aspects. This research includes a study of the concept of organizational commitment and how it affects the performance of primary school principals in the aforementioned district. The research also explores the factors affecting managers' organizational commitment and how this commitment affects the level of managerial success they achieve.
Organizational commitment can be a factor of failure or success for organizations, as it has been found that achieving the goals of the human resource while matching the achievement of the organization’s goals leads to his loyalty and his desire to continue and remain working within his organization and satisfaction with his work,
and thus organizational commitment is achieved, which makes the organization succeed, while the failure of the working individuals In achieving their goals, it leads to their not staying, their lack of love and loyalty to the work, and thus their lack of commitment to work, and this leads to the emergence of problems in the organization such as negligence, turnover, etc.
As for the importance of the research, it focuses on the importance of understanding the extent to which organizational commitment affects the performance of principals in primary schools, as well as the impact of this on the success of management in general. By analyzing the data and information obtained, this research can contribute to guiding policies and decision-making that enhance principals' organizational commitment and enhance administrative success in elementary schools.

The public order often refers to the fundamental interest in the higher life in society and the basic values in the group, which then appear in relation to the ideas and behaviors they believe in that reflect bias in their dealings. This system is an essential basis when exercising the right and a means of protecting their right, including achieving balance. The financial rights in their contractual relations must fit the rights they create with the requirements of this system and follow the classes that place them under its protection.

An abstract is a summary of entire paper should be written
This study aims to identify the strategic management of primary education administration leaders in applying the holistic thinking style. The researcher used the descriptive survey method as it suits the research objectives. The study focused on head teachers of primary schools in Dhi Qar Governorate\'s Qalat Suker Department. The research sample, consisting of 55 male and female head teachers, was selected from public primary schools in the same area. The researcher used the research tool, which is the questionnaire, to collect the necessary data for the research. It included (15) items, the validity and reliability of which were extracted. Statistical treatments were also used to analyze the research data using arithmetic means, standard deviations, and Pearson’s correlation coefficient. The study\'s findings revealed that head teachers held a significant degree of fundamental knowledge in strategic management, particularly when implementing the holistic thinking approach. The researcher considered this to be the most noteworthy result of the study. In light of the research findings, the researcher presented several recommendations Based on the current research results, the researcher put forth several proposals, the most significant of which was to direct graduate students in
Iraqi university administration and educational supervision departments to conduct qualitative research and studies on patterns of strategic thinking, its practices, and its obstacles. This call to action underscores the potential contribution of these students to the field and the importance of their involvement in further research, which could significantly advance our understanding of strategic management in primary education.

The current study aimed to reveal the nature of the relationship between self-worth and psychological happiness among educational counselors in Dhi Qar Governorate/Al-Rifai Education Department. The descriptive approach was used in its correlational form، and the study sample was selected randomly from the Dhi Qar counselors community، where the number of sample members reached (256). As a male and female mentor، Crocker’s self-worth scale (Crocker (2004) and Rosemary’s scale (2006) and Samia Jamal’s interpretation of psychological happiness were applied. The results showed a high degree of self-worth among educational counselors in Dhi Qar Governorate، and a high degree of psychological happiness among the counselors. There is a correlation between self-worth and psychological happiness، and in light of the results، a set of recommendations and proposals were presented.

The research aimed to identify the level of organizational commitment among Al-Mustansiriya University employees from their point of view. The descriptive approach was used by distributing a questionnaire to a sample of (65) male and female employees. The results showed that the level of organizational commitment of Al-Mustansiriya University employees، from their point of view، is high. The results showed statistically significant differences due to the effect of gender in all areas except the area of responsibility towards the employer. As for the overall
tool، the differences were in favor of male professors. The researcher proposed a number of recommendations and proposals،the most important of which Recommendations ---Strengthening organizational commitment among male and female employees through seminars and workshops
Enhancing commitment among female employees by enrolling them in training courses and paying attention to their incentive system
Proposals
-Conducting a study on the relationship of management information systems to organizational commitment among teachers .
-Conducting a study on the relationship of organizational commitment to teachers’ job satisfaction.

The current research aims to identify (the effectiveness of a proposed strategy according to the theory of intentional learning in developing probing thinking among students in basic education colleges). The researchers followed the experimental method, as it is closest to achieving the goals of their research, and the research sample consisted of (61) male and female students from Department of Arabic Language / College of Basic Education / Sumer University, divided into an experimental group and a control group. The researchers prepared a pre-post test for probing thinking consisting of (30) objective items. After ensuring the validity and reliability of the test, the researchers applied it to the research sample and after correcting the test. The results of the study showed the superiority of the experimental group over the control group, and the researchers presented a set of suggestions and recommendations

The current research aims to identify The importance of artificial intelligence from the perspective of students in the College of Engineering and Differences in the importance of artificial intelligence from the perspective of students in the College of Engineering according to the gender variable (male-female).
The current research is limited to College of Engineering students of both genders (males and females) for the academic year 2023-2024. The current research was limited to a statistical analysis sample of (120) male and female students، which is the same as the final application sample. They were selected by a stratified random method in a proportional distribution method. To achieve the purposes of the current research، the researcher adopted the artificial intelligence scale prepared by (Abbas، 2020)، which consists of: (44) items، and the scale was presented to a group of arbitrators to extract the apparent validity and its psychometric properties were extracted. The reliability coefficient of the artificial intelligence scale using the Cronbach alpha method reached (0.90) and the retest was (0.87). After ensuring the validity of the scale، it was applied. On the sample and after completion، the researcher used appropriate statistical methods to analyze the data using the social
sciences statistical portfolio، and the results of the research showed the following: There is an orientation and interest towards artificial intelligence from the point of view of the students of the College of Engineering and There is no difference in artificial intelligence between males and females. In light of the research results، the researcher presented a number of recommendations، including and proposals

The research aims to identify the obstacles to using the smart board among social studies teachers in the middle school. To achieve the goal of the research، the researcher used the descriptive survey method. The study sample consisted of (86) teachers and schools from public and private schools that used the smart board in teaching، and who were selected. In an intentional manner from schools affiliated with the General Directorate of Education in Dhi Qar، the study tool was a questionnaire to uncover the obstacles to using the smart board among social studies teachers. It consisted of (30) items distributed into three areas: the area related to the student، the area related to the teacher، and the financial and administrative area. Its validity and reliability were verified، and after conducting the necessary statistical analyzes the results of the study showed the following: that the material and administrative field constituted the highest degree of obstacles، and it was at a high degree، as its arithmetic average reached (3.89)، while the other fields constituted
the field related to the teacher، with an arithmetic average. (2.76)، the field related to students، with a mean of (2.55)، moderate obstacles.

The study was based on the experimental approach with two equal groups and a post-test, where the study sample consisted of (44) female students who were distributed into two groups. The first group represented the experimental group and its number of members was (20) female students who studied using the aesthetic approach, while the second group represented the control group and its number of members was ( 23) A female student studied using the usual method. The researchers prepared a tool to test the purifying values, consisting of (27) items. After applying the research tool later on the experimental and control research groups and conducting statistical analyses, the results showed that there was a statistically significant difference at the significance level (.05) between the average
scores. The experimental and control research groups in testing the acquisition of Islamic values of refinement, in favor of the.

The aim of the research is to identify the psychological impact of Kinesio Taping (KT) colors on physical performance (PP) among young soccer players for the year 2023-2024. It was fully verified by the research (35) players, the experimental design for two groups, one of which was [Control (CON) group (17) players and Experimental (EXP) group (18) Player (age 17-19 years, height 170-180 cm)], using pre-dimension measurement to conclude the research sample using the random method from the Nasiriyah Youth Football Club. KT was applied once and maintained for (3) consecutive days on groups. The groups performed 3 tests: (1) Broad transition test legs; (2) high jump test; (3) Agility test. The EXP group also applied a psychological calming program, which included exercises (deep breathing, colors, muscle relaxation, and massage). Among the most important results that were reached was that the results of the pre-post tests for the EXP group research sample were significant and in favor of the post-test, and this indicates the importance of the color of the KT on the psychological aspect. Results of the EXP group also showed an improvement in PP and state anxiety. While no improvement
seen in results of the CON group. When comparing the results of the significant differences between the groups, it clears the EXP groups was superior, and this indicates the advantage obtained as a result of the players choosing colors of KT, while CON group players didn’t choose the colors of KT. The researcher recommends the use of KT because of its effective and improving PP and anxiety before the match among young players.

The aim of current research the to assess the leve self-awareness among educational counselors in the directorate of education in Thi Qar and to identify the significance of differences in self-awareness among educational counselors. The research sample consisted of 150 counselors, comprising 59 male counselors and 91 female counselors,selected from the original community of counselors, totaling 532. The researchers adopted the Qarghuli Self-Awareness Scale (2011), and reliability and validity indicators were extracted. The research findings indicate that educational counselors have self-awareness, with statistical significance differences observed in terms of tenure but not in terms of gender

The research aims to analyze the content of the Life Sciences Department’s courses in light of the concepts of sustainable development. To achieve this goal, and after reviewing previous literature, we relied on a ready-made tool developed by researcher Aziz 2018 for the concepts of sustainable development and its dimensions, which in its final form consisted of (51) sub-issues distributed among the three basic concepts (social, economic, environmental). After ensuring the validity and reliability of the tool, the content of the Life Sciences Department courses, which consists of (36) courses, was analyzed. The researcher adopted the idea as the unit of analysis. One of the most important findings reached by the researcher is the neglect of a number of issues and concepts of sustainable development. In other words, the Life Sciences Department’s curricula did not include a number of sustainable development issues Some of them are covered in
some academic courses in small and limited proportions, almost negligible. The research concluded with a number of recommendations and proposals.

The study aimed to measure the effectiveness of an educational program designed in light of Reigluth 's expansive theory in developing creative writing skills in sixth-grade students. The study followed an experimental design with two groups; control and experimental, consisting of (57) students, using a creative writing test along with a student evolution card. After verifying its psychometric properties, the educational program was implemented in three lessons in the "The World Around Us" unit, leading to a statistically significant difference in the average scores of the experimental group in the pretest and posttest of the test in favor of the posttest application. Additionally, the program achieved high effectiveness compared to the control group performance. The study recommended the inclusion of the program in training programs and teacher guides, as well as conducting further studies to investigate its impact on other language skills such as functional writing and critical reading.

The study aimed to identify the obstacles to the use of artificial intelligence technology in teaching mathematics from the point of view of mathematics teachers in Thi- Qar Governorate. The researcher used the descriptive analytical approach to suit the objectives of the study. The study sample consisted of (40) teachers and schools practicing teaching mathematics within the staff of General Directorate of Education in Thi- Qar for the academic year (2024-2023). The study tool consisted of a questionnaire consisting of (30) items distributed on three axes: (The level of the teacher's knowledge of artificial intelligence applications -The use of education applications for artificial intelligence technology — the use of education applications for artificial intelligence technology). The results of the study showed that the responses of mathematics teachers on the axis (the level of mathematics teacher's knowledge of artificial intelligence applications) came to a large degree, as
their arithmetic average ranges between (2.89 -3.98) and that their responses on the axis (the use of artificial intelligence technology in teaching mathematics) came to a large degree, as their arithmetic average ranges between (3.37 -4.12) and their responses on the axis (the use of education applications for artificial intelligence technology) came to a large degree, as their arithmetic average ranges between (3.53 – 4.21). The study recommended the use of mathematics teachers for artificial intelligence technology techniques in teaching to save time and effort, holding training courses for mathematics teachers for the purpose of acquiring the necessary skills to use artificial intelligence technology in teaching, and providing classrooms with the hardware, software and artificial intelligence applications necessary to employ them in teaching mathematics.

The research aims to identify the effectiveness of the Four R strategy in the achievement of second-year intermediate students and their analogical thinking. The researcher formulated the following two null hypotheses:
1. The first null hypothesis: There is no statistically significant difference at the level (0.05) between the average grades of the second-year intermediate students of the experimental group who studied according to the Four R strategy and the average grades of the second-grade intermediate students of the control group who did not study according to the Four R strategy in the test. Collection.
2. The second null hypothesis: There is no statistically significant difference at the level (0.05) between the average scores of the second-year intermediate students of the experimental group who studied according to the Four R strategy and the average scores of the second-year intermediate students of the control group who did not study according to the Four R strategy in the thinking test. Analogue.
To achieve this, an experiment was conducted that lasted two months. The researcher chose the success medium for boys, and the second intermediate students, who numbered (68), were divided using a simple random assignment method into two groups, with (33) students for the control group, and (35) students for the experimental group. The two groups were rewarded on the variables (chronological age, intelligence), and the researcher adopted an experimental design with partial control for two equivalent groups (experimental and control), and extraneous variables were also controlled, and the experiment was applied in the first semester of the academic year (2023 - 2024) AD. As for the two tools In the research, the researcher used one tool for each dependent variable. An achievement test consisting of (46) items was constructed according to a table of behavioral specifications and purposes, with (36) multiple-choice items and (10) essay items, and a test for analogical thinking consisting of (26) items. It measures analogical thinking among second-year middle school students. The validity of the two tools was verified by presenting them to a group of arbitrators in the fields of measurement, evaluation, teaching methods, and psychology. Their apparent validity was extracted and applied to two exploratory samples, one of which was to determine the extent of the clarity of the paragraphs, the clarity of the instructions, and the response time, and the other was For the purpose of statistical analysis to extract discriminatory power and construct validity, and to extract the coefficient of difficulty and discrimination, construct validity and effectiveness of false alternatives, as well as to extract reliability for both tools, and after completing the experiment, the results were analyzed statistically using a t-test for two independent samples, and the results concluded that there was a statistically significant difference in favor of the experimental group. In achievement and analogical thinking among second-year intermediate students.

The current study aimed to identify the degree of moral thinking among university students, and to know the significance of statistical differences in moral thinking among university students according to the variables of gender (males - females) and specialization (scientific, humanities). The research population for the current study was determined by students of preliminary morning studies at Al-Mustansiriya University. For the academic year (2023/2024), the size of the population reached (30,314) male and female students, and the research tools were applied to a random stratified sample of (400) male and female students. The researcher prepared a tool to measure moral thinking, and the researcher used the statistical program (SPSS) to analyze the research results. Currently, the results of the study showed that there were statistically significant differences in the level of moral thinking among university students. The results of the study also showed that there were significant differences in the degrees of moral thinking in the gender variable, in favor of females. There are no statistically significant differences in moral thinking scores in the specialization variable.

Banks play an important role in reviving the national economy, by collecting the public’s savings from their clients and directing them towards various investments. There is no doubt that banking services at the present time have become diversified and are no longer limited to traditional banking operations represented by deposits, transfers, or opening credits. Rather, it carries out more complex operations for the benefit of customers, and the more sophisticated and complex the banking operations are, the more this is reflected in determining the customer’s legal status in these businesses, especially since banking dealing is no longer limited to merchants, but rather has become an urgent necessity even for the average person who is not professional in commercial activity and carries out banking work. Occasional and temporary, and despite the lack of clarity about the banking customer’s idea at the jurisprudential and legislative levels, what is indisputable is that the legal basis of the relationship between the bank and the customer lies in a
compensation contract whose subject is the banking transaction and imposes mutual obligations on both parties.

The current research aimed to investigate the extent to which civic education values are included in the content of social textbooks for the middle school . The current research used the descriptive approach, using the content analysis method. To achieve the goal of researching the extent to which civic education values are included in the content of social studies textbooks for grades (first, second, and third) of the intermediate stage in the Republic of Iraq, the research presented a list consisting of (22) values for civic education. By analyzing the social studies books, the research reached the following results: The total number of repetitions for the three books amounted to (135) repetitions, distributed into (71) repetitions for the social studies book for the third intermediate grade, with a percentage of (52.6%) of the total number of repetitions, while the repetitions amounted to The social studies book for the second intermediate grade had 43 repetitions, with a percentage of (31.8%) of the total number of repetitions. The total number of repetitions in the social studies book for the first intermediate grade was (21) repetitions, with a percentage of (15.6%) of the total number. The research presented a set of proposals, the most important of which are: developing independent programs and curricula in civic education for middle school students in Iraq. Include units in the Social and National Curriculum that emphasize the philosophy and values of civic education, for the various stages of education.

The marriage of minors is one of the important topics that affect society and the family, as the family is considered the nucleus of society, if the family is reformed, society will be reformed, as the family whose mother is a minor how to establish a family and raise children, as well as the impact of her marriage on herself by being subjected to domestic violence and cruelty, so it has become important to focus on this phenomenon that prevailed in society.

The goal of the research is to identify “the effectiveness of the memory wheel strategy in enhancing educational thinking among first-year intermediate students in the language subject.” To achieve the goal of the research, the following null hypothesis was formulated: (There is no statistically significant difference at the significance level (0.05) between the average scores of the experimental group students. who will study using the memory wheel strategy and the average scores of the control group students who will study according to the usual method in the educational thinking test). The researcher adopted an experimental design for two equal groups. The researcher chose (Al-Nawras Middle School for Boys) intentionally, and parity was conducted for the two groups in variables: (chronological age in months, previous information in the subject of the Arabic language, intelligence, and the educational thinking test). With regard to the research tool, an educational thinking test consisting of (20) items was prepared, which the researcher prepared based on previous studies. The validity, reliability, ease and difficulty coefficient,
discrimination coefficient, and effectiveness of the false alternatives were calculated. For this test, the results showed that the students of the experimental group who studied using the memory wheel strategy outperformed the students of the control group who studied according to the usual method of educational thinking. In light of this, the researcher came up with a number of conclusions, recommendations, and proposals that were mentioned in Chapter Four.

The text discusses the widespread use of third-party funding in some countries as a mechanism for investing in international arbitration. This involves a third party financing one of the arbitration parties، often the claimant، who lacks sufficient funds to initiate arbitration proceedings.
The financing may include risk-sharing، and in return، the third party receives a percentage of the profits if the claim is successful. Australia and England are highlighted as countries experienced in implementing such financing to encourage investment and protect the rights of investors and foreign companies. The funding process is governed by a contract between the third-party funder، typically an investment specialized company، and one of the arbitration parties.The agreement includes the payment of legal costs in exchange for a specific percentage of the
profits in case of a successful claim. The contract also imposes conditions related to confidentiality، non-disclosure of information، and the third-party funder's commitment to reveal their identity only if legally required. While third-party funding is a growing industry in arbitration due to the significant growth in international investment، there are risks such as potential conflicts of interest between the funder and arbitral tribunals.

The study delves into the Strategic Environmental Assessment Protocol, which was ratified in 2003 and appended to the Convention on Environmental Impact Assessment in a Transboundary Framework of 1991, specifically its role in protecting the environment and health, which is evident by its provisions that emphasizing the importance of incorporating environmental and health considerations when developing plans and programs related to the implementation of industrial and development projects as well as various activities. On this context, to the current research addresses the concept of strategic environmental assessment and the general provisions of the protocol, in addition to the mechanism for conducting a strategic environmental assessment of the plans and programs concerned, with reference to the preparation of the environmental report, and the requirements for the participation of the public and environmental health institutions in providing inputs and contributing to the environmental decision, which is all in the realm of environmental preservation and health overall health status.

The current research aimed to determine the effectiveness of dialectical behavioral therapy in reducing violence directed against others in adolescents، and it was verified through a number of null hypotheses developed by the researcher. To achieve the goal of the research ، the research prepared a measure of violence directed against others based on the scale (Al-Tamimi، 2012)، and it was verified. From the psychometric properties of the ccale by applying it to a research sample of (200) Student. calculating its construct validity indicators، as well as calculating the reliability coefficient using the test and retest method، as it reached (0.82)، and with regard to the second tool، reliance was placed on the experimental design with two experimental and control groups with and post –test ، as the researcher buigt a counseling program according to the method of dialectical behavioral therapy، The theory of (Linehan، 1993) was relied upon with (10) counseling sessions containing different titles، and after applying the post-test to members of the experimental and control groups ، the result showed that there were statistically significant differences at the level of (0.05) and in favor of the experimental group، which indicates the effectiveness of the method. Dialectical behavioral therapy reduces violence directed against others among adolescents، and the research came out with a set of recommendations and proposals

The research seeks to identify (electronic bullying on social networking sites).The researcher used the questionnaire tool that was adopted to confirm this matter. Which was adopted to confirm this matter. The questionnaire was distributed to the research sample in the College of Basic Education. The research concluded that the research sample has a low level of cyberbullying, in addition to that females are more ambitious in not initiating or carrying out cyberbullying against others.