ADAB AL-BASRAH

The interpretive discourse in a significant portion of it relies on the Arabic sciences and the contributions of scholars working in its various fields. Their discussions have been a guiding light for interpreters to direct the sacred Quranic text and its diverse cognitive and content-related loads, whether at the structural or individual level. The craft of syntactic analysis has had a significant impact on religious sciences and their outputs. It works to provide the interpreter with the necessary tools to construct their interpretive discourse, monitoring the transformations accompanying the words, understanding their principles, functions, and the semantic implications they entail. The doctrinal requirements emerging from the syntactic direction of the words of the Basmala, among scholars, are very diverse. This research has worked on bringing them to light and elucidating them.

In the field of discourse analysis, much research has been done on analyzing the discourse of Western media. Little research has been conducted on portraying the image of Arab woman. Thus, the paucity of the topic has spurred the researcher to shed light on Arab women issues in the Middle East discussed in Oprah Winfrey Show and Amanpour program. The present study highlights ideological themes embedded in the discourses of Oprah Winfrey, Amanpour, and their Arab guests namely Queen Rania Al-yaseen of Jordan, Princess of Saudi Arabia Ameerah Al-taweel, and Sheikha Al-zain Al-sabah of Kuwait. Theoretically, this study adopts Van Dijk’s (2006d) ideological strategies in the process of analysis. The study concluded that van Dijk’s ideological categories were very helpful in exposing the negative image that Western.

This study undertakes a comprehensive move analysis of research articles written in English as a Foreign Language (EFL), using Yang and Allison's (2003) model as the analytical framework. The primary aim of the research is to explore and compare the rhetorical structures utilized by EFL students in their academic writing, with specific attention given to the "Conclusion" sections of twenty research articles within the field of Applied Linguistics. The corpus for this study was sourced from diverse scientific journals in Iraq. The research methodology employed in this study adopts a mixed-methods approach, effectively combining qualitative and quantitative techniques

One of the important explanations of "Al-Mughni fi al-Nahw" by Al-Jabardi is Al-Milani’s explanation, and this explanation is distinguished by mentioning many of the commentator’s grammatical responses to the scholars’ opinions that he mentioned in his explanation. Responding to these opinions presented in the folds of this explanation, tracking them, analyzing them, and referring them to their owners and the books in which they are contained. In doing so, he sometimes aligns with the view of one scholar or another, and at times, his opinions are consistent with either the Basran or the Kufan school of grammar.

This study is set to test the semantics and pragmatics of Prefabricated Expressions (PEs) such as ‘take it or leave it’ in a bilingual context in relation to the possible translation teaching methods that could serve a more conceptual fluency and communicative accuracy. As the field of translation studies has shifted its focus towards investigating translation as a process within the psycholinguistic perspective, there has been an increased interest in examining PEs as a fully-fledged phenomenon. The present research designs and implements a systematic training program then statistically analyze the Pre-training and Post-training (correlations and significance). This research adopts the theoretical framework proposed by Fauconnier's (2002)

The research reveals a set of observations that permeated the book (Expression of the Noble Qur'an and its statement) by Muhyi al-Din al-Darwish, showed by a descriptive study that balances between the book and books specialized in this field, as it came on two sections: The first section tackles some notes on his expression of some Quranic verses: Expressing other than reading Hafs, estimating other than parsing, and disagreeing in estimating sources and others The second section of this paper is a review of the book and the extraction of some typographical errors from it and correcting them with the mention of the line number, the page and the part in which the error was mentioned.

This study examines how the allusive technique in Al-Jahiz's work "Al-Taaj fi Akhlaaq Al-Mulouk" is embodied and realized through mechanics, the arts, and rhetorical strategies. It plays a crucial and effective role in persuading the recipient of the speech's message while also persuading them of the issue's content. This is especially important in speeches that raise issues that, if raised directly and without consideration for the recipient's feelings, could embarrass or hurt the recipient.

Reflective thinking constitutes a self-directed process wherein educators cultivate personal development, thereby augmenting accomplishments and mitigating errors. This study seeks to investigate the interconnection among job commitment, job satisfaction, and reflective thinking (RT) within the context of Iraqi English as a Foreign Language (EFL) instructors. The research delves into issues of teacher discontent, antiquated methodologies, and systemic challenges related to teacher empowerment and psychosocial support, underscoring the pivotal role of motivated educators. Despite substantial allocations in education budgets, the study underscores the imperative for more holistic remedies to surmount these obstacles

This study seeks to provide a creative experience in the field of poetic play, represented by the creativity of the poet Abdul Razzaq Abdul Wahed - may God have mercy on him - so the title “The Structure of Dialogue in the Poetic Play “Al-Hur Al-Riyahi” is a model for monitoring the functioning of the dialogue element in it through its analysis, the disclosure of its implications and the statement of the means used. In it, and as a result of that, the main problem is determined for us: What is the extent of the poet Abd al-Razzaq Abdul Wahed’s success in employing dialogue in his poetic play, and other sub-problems: What is dialogue and what are its types? And did he have an impact on the development of other elements in the play such as characters, conflict, event, time and place?

Professionalism in the work of translator is manifested primarily in the quality of the activity, in the quality of the personality of the translator himself, which ensures adequate mutual understanding among persons in contact in different languages, peoples, and cultures. It includes wide and constantly updated knowledge. This study reports that in the process of building professional competence, translators are creating a “peculiar linguistic personality” which differs from the usual presence of certain competences. Komissarov (2002) relates to such competences: linguistic, communicative, text-forming, technical competences, as well as special personal characteristics, moral and ethical competence

The translation of punned language in spoken or written contexts in ancient texts poses great challenges to the translator. In Arabic, how such a rhetorical aspect is expressed differs from English due to creative features of style and word playing in order to produce punned language. This study will compare and contrast pun in Arabic rhetoric and its counterpart in English, and then will conduct a critical analysis of the translation of pun and its categories in two English translations by Jafery (1965) and Al-Jibouri (2009) of selected extracts from the Nahǧ Albalāġa’s book. The aim is to draw attention to and potentially generalise some of the challenges encountered when translating this rhetorical device; this will be followed by comparisons between the two English translations and an assessment of the translation strategies followed by each translator.

This research tries to propose a new vision to interpret the language of argumentation (Hujaj) and how to use it, by highlighting the factors affecting the strategies of argumentation, and the correspondence is one of the effects that refer to the achievement of interaction between the sender and the receiver, and works to enrich the text and intensify the discourse, from here the interview with Hujaj is a new multifaceted theory, which can be employed as a means of education, understanding, persuasion, and influence. This research tagged with (Contrast Argumentative and new techniques of rhetoric in Quranic discourse) includes two axes, the first axis is devoted to the study of the correspondence in the power of language between achievement and argumentation.

This research delves into the methodological complexities of translation revision by presenting a methodology to measure the impact of language directionality on the quality of the revision process. It explores the challenges encountered by participants during translation revision in two different language directions, emphasizing their significance in the context of translation studies. The study involves the examination of the translation of four editorial texts into two language directions: from Arabic to English and from English to Arabic and the attempts of revising those texts. Participants are tasked to revise four texts within two separate sessions in addition to providing valuable insights through responding to a questionnaire.

This paper refers to the source of the semantic criticism of Ibn Duraid in his book Al-Jumhurah. The lexicon of the Jamhrat AL-Loghaah is rich in explanatory terms, this is because its author does not elaborate on the definitions of words. The sayings of proven linguists abounded in Al-Jumhurah, such as Abi Ubaidah Muammar bin Al-Muthanna and others, and from here the dictionary of Al-Jumhurah had a great impact on the scholars after him. Many dictionaries have quoted from him, such as Al-Azhari, Ibn Faris and others.

The term “ al-Hajr” can be defined as prevention and prohibition, and the authority used it in Al-Alanduls (Islamic Spain) against everyone who rebelled or stood in the face of the ruler. From the poets inciting people against them, they deliberately prevented and imprisoned them.

Al-Tahtawi is considered one of the renaissance thinkers in the early nineteenth century who contributed to sowing the seeds of Arab liberal thought. As his theses represented intellectual references for the reformers who came after him in the Arab world, he tried, through his observations, which he recorded on his Parisian journey through his book (Talkis Al-Ibrez in Talkis Baris) about the nature of civilized Western societies, especially the French society, such as advanced political systems and the civil state, and rights man and citizen, and so on. Al-Tahtawi's interest in translating and reading the political implications of the European Enlightenment does not mean identification with it. Each nation or people has its own heritage and civilization, and accordingly, Al-Tahtawi tried to quote what can be benefited from and what he deems valid with regard to good governance systems that respect the rights of the subjects, meet the requirements of the times and are in harmony with the Arab-Islamic culture.

The United States of America sought, under various pretexts, to strengthen its military presence in Latin America, whether at the field level or at the level of arms sales, and worked to increase the number of its military bases and conducted trainining programmes of to soldiers in Latin America, where it has the largest military air force presence and became the South American military command. It is charged with monitoring Forty-One million Km2 in Thirty-Two countries. In this, Venezuela is distinguished by a distinctive geographical location in the northwest of the continent overlooking the coasts of the Atlantic and Caribbean Oceans, in addition to the natural resources it contains and different terrains. Therefore, the security relations between them occupied a distinguished place in U.S foreign policy. Security and defense issues have become an important part of political realm and have gained importance because of their connection to issues of foreign policy, international economy.

The definition or classification of ownership of agricultural lands, in the Islamic economic approach, was according to the manner in which the lands were incorporated or entered into the Islamic state, and in light of this, there were types of ownership in agricultural lands .
One of the characteristics of the Islamic economic approach is the encouragement of everything that would bring benefit and legitimate interest to the Islamic community, including the agricultural aspect, which is the basic and important pillar of humanity as a whole, and without it the wheel of life is hindered.

This study aims to assess the impact of climate change on Agricultural production in the study area. The trends of climatic elements and phenomena were studied for the period 1949-2022 as an indicator of climate change. Some grain crops, legumes and vegetables were also selected and studied in terms of area and production quantities in two agricultural seasons. Different ways to know the trend of these crops and to know the impact of climate change on those crops. The study showed that all the elements and climatic phenomena studied tend towards extremes, which has a negative impact on plant production in the study area.

The study aims to identify what cyber security and cyber dangers are, and also to identify the most important requirements for achieving cyber security for information systems . The most prominent risks facing electronic information systems, the study relied on the documentary approach, relying on Arab and foreign sources and studies that dealt with the variables of the study: which are available in both paper and electronic form on the Internet. The study reached a number of conclusions, including:
1- Cybersecurity contributes to maintaining the confidentiality of information and data within systems.
2- Cybersecurity helps against external attacks on the Internet, as well as repelling unauthorized entry by unauthorized persons.