NTU Journal of Engineering and Technology

The Internet enables global virtual communication. Ubiquitous Device Connectivity (UDC) aims to facilitate communication between any physical devices, regardless of their location or networking technology. In this paper, smart electronic documentation and authentication are implemented. Transitioning to Electronic Document Management System (EDMS) Implementing UDC will bring advantages to a business by reducing working hours and storage space, thus enhancing the efficiency of the business enterprise plant's operation. A UDC service consists of a camera as an acquisition device; QR codes, encryption, and cloud are used in the system. It will also facilitate paperless documentation for Quality Assurance (QA), Human Resources (HR), and other departments. The implemented system efficiently collected and requested data, allocating it to only authorized persons, and quickly submitted a file for examination and verification. It prevents data duplication and loss, organizes information through historical tracking, and utilizes digital filtering.

The coming of 3D printing technology has revolutionized the manufacturing process, particularly in the sector of polymeric materials fabricated by LCD printers. Two different designs were selected in study in order to achieve the goal. Their geometry was selected by ASTM to prepare them for the tensile test and compassion test. For tensile tests, three directions were chosen; On-Edge, On-Flat and Up-Right and for compression tests On-Vertical and On-Horizontal directions. Both experimental and FEM were used in this study. Study's findings demonstrated that the printing orientation of the specimens has significantly and decisively impacted the mechanical properties. Tensile specimen (On-Edge) exhibited greater strength due to the smaller printed layer, resulting in improved resolution and less porosity. The tensile specimen (Up-Right) exhibited lower strength due to the perpendicular orientation of the printed layers with respect to the applied tensile force. For compression test, vertical direction own superior strength compared to other.

Human activity tracking enhances safety and reduces the risk of people getting lost or kidnapped. This paper presents a human tracking system using the YOLOv8n detection model, DeepSORT tracking algorithm, and RFID technologies on low-power devices like the Raspberry Pi. The passive RFID tags, which do not require batteries, make the system lightweight and maintenance-free. The Raspberry Pi Model V3 camera, with an 8-megapixel Sony IMX219 sensor, captures video at 640x480p90 resolution. The YOLOv8n algorithm was trained on 2292 images, achieving an accuracy of 0.992 for mAP50 and 0.902 for mAP50-95. After integrating it with DeepSORT, the system achieved MOTA = 0.973684 and MOTP = 0.438766 at 30 fps. In real time, tracking for 20 frames yielded MOTA = 1.0 and MOTP = 0.13. The UHF RFID reader detected tags at a distance of 1.5 meters.

This work describes the protection mechanism of transmission line at fault. Transmission line is divided into three zones and it is also provided by a backup protection MATLAB simulation was used to represent the three steps protection under single line to ground fault in different zones. Distance Relay was used to measure impedance as a part of power system, when the fault impedance dropped below the predetermined value a trip signal will transmit to the circuit breaker. MATLAB simulation is used to simulate the proposed model for three zones. The results illustrated the fault impedance at each zone and finally it has been concluded that the lower impedance is obtained at zone B (27.33 ?) in phase T.

The objective of this work is to determine the fault location for one zone. Impedance relays constitute a vital component of power systems, specifically within the real value of transmission system, which was accomplished through the utilization of MATLAB/SIMULINK. The sim power system toolbox was employed to enable the intricate modeling of the distance relay, transmission line, and fault simulation. Within the modeling phase, the specific fault type chosen was single line to ground (SLG), Line-to-Line, while the protection scheme was established as the impedance type distance characteristic. This technique represents an interactive simulation environment that facilitates the design and evaluation of relaying algorithms. Moreover, the fundamental principles governing digital distance relays, as well as several pertinent filtering techniques, are meticulously elucidated within the confines of this paper. In order to enhance the user experience and ensure ease of interaction, thereby augmenting the functionality of the developed model. It is important to note that distance or impedance relays constitute a vital component of power systems, specifically within the realm of transmission systems. Finaly, it has been concluded that the fault impedance became less than the set value and a trip signal sent with short time to the circuit breaker.

Accessible reading is still a major challenge for those with visual impairments in our digitally-driven world, particularly for those who are born blind. The creation of a Letter Recognition System (LRS) for the blind is the novel solution to this problem that this research suggests. With the help of this device, blind people can access printed letters according to its reading solution. In order to obtain images of printed letters, this study presents practical hardware that uses a webcam and a manual printing machine. The paper can be moved to acquire the written letters on it. Hence, a large collection of data containing letters known as Printed English Letters-version 2 (PEL2) dataset was gathered for the printed English letters (A–Z). Following acquisition, the input images undergo preparation, segmentation, and resizing. After that, a Deep Convolutional Neural Network (DCNN) is used to recognize letters from them. Ultimately, it is recommended that the identified letter be transformed into letter-to-speech audio to enhance the system\'s efficacy in assisting blind or visually impaired individuals with reading. In this work, a very high accuracy of 99.70% for letter identification has been calculated and attained.