Journal of University of Babylon

This work deals with Gough-Stewart robot manipulator, which has six degrees of freedom, six ‎actuators, fixed base, and moving platforms. Here, the Jacobian matrix derived to detect the singular point ‎in the workspace for manipulator at determinant of Jacobian matrix equal to zero, then derived the ‎equation of motion from the dynamic analysis by Lagrange method to verify the singular points with ‎Jacobian where the forces increase rapidly at this point. Finally, design blocks in Simulink include the ‎Jacobian matrix and the equations of motion to detection the singularities at any time for current input ‎parameters (X, Y, Z, α, β, γ), where the determinant of the Jacobian equal to zero at maximum forces.‎

One of the most important outcomes in the water balance equation for any natural area or water ‎body is Evapotranspiration and it is also a crucial component of the hydrologic cycle. The relationship of ‎temperature - evapotranspiration was obtained using the Thornthwaite method in Iraq by dividing the area ‎into (7) sectors according to geographic latitude. Each sector has multi meteorological stations where (32) ‎stations were used with different periods of records. A mathematical relationship was obtained between ‎mean temperature and corrected potential evapotranspiration (PEc) with (97.45) to (99.84) coefficient of ‎determination. Mean temperature has a symmetrical decreasing pattern from south-east towards north-‎west of Iraq affected by Mediterranean Sea climate conditions, while correcting potential ‎evapotranspiration (PEc) has the opposite direction of increasing values due to a direct relationship with ‎temperature.‎

Among the constants of holy attba building is the connection of its architecture with the values ‎of the Islamic religion and the number of visits and the number of visitors to it. Time has passed and ‎visitors are in a state of increasing, so their founders have taken the decision of change and ‎development previously, which was compatible with the increase in numbers and maintaining the ‎constants of the sacred architecture. The adjacent fabric changes according to the change in its holly ‎architecture, and the adjacent fabric forms one unit with its attba, maintaining its shape for centuries. ‎In the 1930s, its fabric was affected by the decision to demolish the walls of cities in general, including ‎the holy cities, to open roads to facilitate the traffic movements of cars and the arrival of visitors with ‎high speed as planned at the time. The Research problem despite the development of master plans for ‎the Holy City cities because of the increase in the number of visitors, but did not solve the problem ‎required. The aim of the research is to identify the visitor, the activities of the visitors, the spaces ‎occupied by the activities, the religious and ideological activities, as well as the cultural and social ‎activities, an important criterion in the holy attba building and its adjacent fabric, which has been ‎affected by the increase of visitors and which is no longer sufficient for the activities generally been ‎done throughout the year. ‎

Searching for the best soil stabilizer to overcome problems occur by the soft soils are still
being the main concern, not only to achieve the required soil engineering properties but also by
considering the cost and the effect to the environment. This review paper presents the results of ‎experimental researches on soil stabilization by using the most chemical admixtures, which involved ‎cement, lime and fly ash, and their effectiveness in the engineering properties of soil. Based on the ‎literature review, the results show that addition of these chemical additives lead to significant improvement ‎in workability, strength, durability and mechanical behaviour. On the other hand, it lead to a reduction in ‎shrinkage, plasticity, compressibility and swell characteristics of soil. Also, the curing duration had ‎significantly improved the strength properties of the stabilized soil with chemical additives. Using of each ‎chemical additive and its suitability for a specific soil is highlighted in the research.‎

The concept of self-healing based on characteristics of environment design of surrounding the ‎individual ,Healing by design, one of the most important concepts corresponding to the healing ‎environment or healing in the context of healthcare buildings, where the awareness of this concept ‎reach on the characteristics of internal environment in general to make it more healthy, stimulating ‎and vital, the concept of self-healing is result of analyzing the mutual and vital relationship between ‎human and physical and natural environment in an attempt to understand the relationship and the ‎extent of its repercussions on the physiological and psychological level of the individual. The process ‎of healing cannot be understood by isolation from the factors that work dynamically in the life of ‎individual ,and function of the building is not limited to housing and containment of activities and to ‎meet functions of life, but the most important role is to improve the performance of vital act of life ‎and make it healthy and support self-healing. Hence, the problem of research in the awareness of ‎importance of architecture in taking the task of stimulating self-healing for the individual, and identify ‎characteristics of design approach based on the design processes resulting from the dynamic ‎relationship of the individual's living with the environment. The object of the study is to build a ‎theoretical framework of design recruitment strategies in the process of self-healing of individuals Both ‎for therapeutic environment and general internal environment, and to derive the possible values of the ‎design characteristics that achieve those strategies stemming from the mechanism of involving the ‎individual in a conscious and clear process of support, balance and moral nutrition in relation to the ‎environment. The basic and secondary vocabulary and possible values of the conceptual framework ‎for the strategies of design recruitment in the healing process were three basic strategies: strategy of ‎environment potential supporting of individual, strategy of balancing the life components of the ‎individual and experiment of space transition, and finally the nutrition strategy at the vital and poetic ‎level of individuals. The conclusions were based on objective understanding of the quality of design ‎that supports the process of healing, which is completely different from the concept of design in ‎dealing with static and formal assets. The design here is characterized by the dynamic nature of ‎healthy lifestyle design based on stimulating the process of healing at organic, sensory and moral levels ‎for individuals.‎

In this study, laminated composite materials were hybridized with E-glass fiber and Nitinol ‎‎(Nickel-Titanium) wires. Hand lay-up technique was used to prepare the samples, epoxy resin type ‎‎(Sikadur 52 N) was used as matrix reinforced by one fiber from E-glass fiber woven roving with ‎embedded nitinol wires with a diameter 0.5 mm for samples and number of wires such as 0, 1, 3, 5 and ‎‎9 to find the effect of the number of wires on the natural frequency. The samples were fixed as a ‎cantilever beam. The effects of increasing the number of nitinol wires, the diameter of nitinol wires, the ‎length of the‏ ‏cantilever beam and the thickness of beam on the natural frequencies of the beam were ‎studied. Also, the effects of the tapered in width side and thickness side on the natural frequencies of ‎cantilever beam were studied. The results showed that the increasing in the number of nitinol wires and ‎the diameter of nitinol wires lead to decrease the natural frequency in martensite phase and increase ‎the natural frequency in austenite phase. Also, the increasing in thickness of beam‎‏ ‏and‏ ‏width ratio of ‎the beam lead to increase the natural frequency. As well as, the increasing in the thickness ratio leads ‎to increase the first natural frequency and decrease the second and third ones. In addition, the ‎increasing in the length of the beam decreases the natural frequency.‎

The purpose of preparing the review manuscript is to highlight the importance of the physical ‎specifications of the most important of inorganic fillers such as \"carbon black\" and \"silica\" that have ‎good physical specifications as surface area, particle size distribution and surface chemistry. ‎Moreover, study the effect of these specifications on the resistance of vulcanized rubber compound ‎for swelling, which is one of the disadvantages to determine the expansion of its uses in industrial ‎applications through the review of many types of research in this area. The results proved that there is ‎a strong relationship between the curing characteristics of the rubber compound such as the time of ‎curing, the scorch time in addition to the \"curing rate index\' (CRI) and mechanical properties especially ‎the tensile strength and \"density of cross-links\" for reducing the swelling rate to the minimum. By ‎increasing the \"density of cross-links\" and improve the specifications of vulcanization and mechanical ‎specifications.‎

This research directed to produce Al-Ni alloys by powder metallurgy technique since of its ‎marketable and industrial significant. Nickel and aluminum powders were determined their particle size ‎then the powders mixed and blended with percent (Al - 20% Ni). Silicon carbide particles (SiC) powder ‎supplemented to master alloy powder by percent (4-6- and 8 wt. %) separately then these powders ‎mixed to obtain homogeneous distribution, then the powders compacted in cold pressure at 700 MPa. ‎The sintering procedure was performed at (530°C) for 8 hrs. At vacuum atmosphere (10-4 torr). After ‎cooling these samples grinded and polished to estimate microstructure, density, porosity, LOM, SEM, ‎EDS, X-ray diffraction ,hardness and wear tests‏ ‏at dissimilar circumstances. Results showed that the ‎hardness increased by (52%) and wear rate decreased by (55%) at 8 wt % silicon carbide addition, and ‎it was the best results.‎

In this research the effect of various heat treatments on tensile properties and hardness of ‎Aluminum-Zinc-Magnesium-Copper alloy (7075 Aluminum alloy) was studied, with and without ‎mechanical treatment by extrusion process. The 7075 alloy samples were submitted to two type of ‎heat treatments, T6 heat treatment by artificial ageing samples in 120 ºC for 24 h and retrogression ‎and re-ageing (RRA). Where in RRA treatment the first ageing done in 120 ºC for 24 h, then the ‎retrogression done in 180 ºC‎‏ ‏for 30 min and re-ageing in 120 ºC for 24 h. We got the best results by ‎apply the RRA treatment with extrusion process, where tensile strength was reached to 380 Mpa ‎without extrusion machining process, while reached to 530 Mpa with extrusion process

A combined system with photovoltaic panel modules, which extracts heat from water or air and ‎produces thermal and electrical energy which is called a solar photovoltaic or solar thermal photovoltaic ‎thermal (PV/T) system. A way to enhance the electrical efficiency of the PV module is by diminishing the ‎temperature at which the module is working, i.e. by extracting thermal energy. The design of the solar ‎Photovoltaic/Thermal provides certain advantages. When the temperature is increased 1°C, the ‎photoelectric efficiency decrease by 0.5%. This work is principally aimed to clarify the effectiveness by ‎means of the exergy generated in a PV/T hybrid water module, a photovoltaic thermal module, generating ‎thermal and electrical energy. Were determined the energy, exergy and the efficiency of the power ‎conversion for a certain amount of days in function of the solar intensity, the temperature of the module ‎and environmental temperature. During the hours 9:00 am to 3:00 pm, the efficiencies of exergy and ‎power conversion varies according to the following values, between 2.16 - 12.27% for the exergy efficiency ‎and between 5.2 - 11.2% for the power conversion efficiency as well as, the energy efficiency varies ‎between 6.89 – 14.9%. The temperature of the photovoltaic module has a great impact on the electrical, ‎thermal and exergy efficiencies. Moreover, these efficiencies can be enhanced by removing energy in form ‎of heat from the surface of the photovoltaic module.‎

This work introduces three models of parabolic dish collectors with different dimension to study the ‎effect of change diameter and depth of the dish on the position of focus point and concentration ratio and ‎the temperature of outlet hot water or steam by using different receivers. The present work deals with a ‎new system consists of dish and receiver to produce hot water and steam from solar energy. The parabolic ‎dish solar collector fabricated from iron with different dimension the first model with diameter (82 cm) and ‎depth (6 cm), this gives focus length (70cm) and Concentration ratio (25.6). The second model with a ‎diameter (100cm) and depth (3 cm), this give focus length (208cm) and concentration ratio (15). The third ‎model with a diameter (150cm) and depth (12cm), This give focus length (100cm) and concentration ratio ‎‎(399) and the front side covered by nickel sheet metal to focus the solar radiation upon the receiver for all ‎models . Three different shapes of receiver tanks used with the third model ; namely case one which used ‎rectangular receiver tank (100×50×5) cm3 filled with 25 liter of water. Case two used helical copper coil ‎‎(12.5 mm× 3 m) inside aluminum cylindrical vessel (0.2 m ×0.6 m). Case three used radiator heat ‎exchanger receiver tank (37×47×4) cm3 filled with 3 liter of water. Use low cost and available materials to ‎manufacture the experimental part. The dish, used as part of the solar reflector, covered by several strips ‎of nickel sheet metal. When the parabolic dish collector was operational, the temperature of water was 60 ‎oC in rectangular receiver tank, 75 0C within the copper coil and 125 oC in radiator device receiver. For ‎rectangular receiver tank, hot water obtained within time (2 h), for copper coil receiver tank, hot water ‎obtained within time (30 min) and for radiator heat exchanger receiver, steam obtained within time (20 ‎min).‎

With the development of network and communication systems in large areas in the world, this leads ‎to increase security problems in transmission of data such as data leakage, modification, unauthorized ‎access, and attacks. There are many types of techniques that are used to prevent these problems and ‎protect data. One of these techniques is a stream cipher which considered the strongest and fastest method ‎used in encryption and decryption process. In this study presented a new design for the stream cipher to ‎protect mobile data. The strength of stream cipher depends on it is' key. There are several methods to ‎generate key. We used three types of generator. Then, it used the combiner to convert them into a ‎nonlinear Boolean function in order to make the generator key more secure. To implement a new ‎generator key by using these three kinds, we used four LFSRs and one of NLFSRs or FCSRs to produce ‎five variables Boolean function. These variables will be as an input to the combiner function. Finally, we ‎tested the generator and submitted it to the randomness tests that is publicly available in the National ‎Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). ‎

This work presents experimental investigation of flow and heat transfer characteristics for entry ‎length of turbulent flow in a rectangular duct fitted with porous media and air as the working fluid. ‎Rectangular duct (300‎‏×‏‎30 mm) with a hydraulic diameter (54.54 mm) was subjected to constant heat flux ‎from lower surface (1.5 ×102 –1.8 ×102 w/m2) and Reynolds number ranged (3.3x104 up to 4.8x104). ‎Copper mesh inserts (as porous media) with screen diameter (54.5 mm) for vary distance between two ‎adjacent screens of (10 mm), (15 mm) and (20 mm) in the porosity range of (0.98 - 0.99) are considered ‎for experimentation. The effect of porous height ratio (full and partial) are also considered. It is observed ‎that the enhancement of heat transfer by using mesh inserts when compared to a plain surface is more by ‎a factor of (2.2) times where the skin fraction coefficient is about (5) times. An Empirical correlation for ‎Nusselt number and friction factor are developed for the mesh inserts from the obtained results.‎

The aim of this work to study the effects of heat treatments on the alloy (Ti6Al4V) which ‎produced by powder metallurgy methods and consists of a mixture of the following powders (titanium ‎‎90%, aluminum 6% and vanadium 4%).The heat treatments (sintering process) take place in different ‎time of stay. The alloy (Ti6Al4V) used as biomaterials in the medical field due to their excellent ‎properties such as : high corrosion resistance, high wear resistance, high breaking strength, higher ‎ductility, non-toxic and non-magnetic, suitable elasticity coefficient, where used as an alternative to ‎replacing damaged hard tissues such as orthopaedic, osteosynthesis, full hip joint, knee joint and ‎dental implants. The elements were weighed by a highly sensitive electronic balance, the powder was ‎mixed for five hours, Then press with a pressure (700 MPa) to transition to green cylindrical samples ‎with a diameter of 13 mm. The sintering process was carried out at 1100 °C. The porosity of the ‎samples decreases at high temperatures and time of stay to a certain extent and then increase porosity ‎at very high temperatures due to the growth of particle and the expansion of gases. The density of the ‎samples after the sintering process increases with increasing the temperature because increase the mass ‎diffusion of particles and reduces porosities that increase contact points between particles. The ‎sintering processes lead to increase the hardness, where the hardness was tested in the Vickers hardness ‎method. The wear increased by increasing (load, time and sliding distance), and increase the hardness ‎leads to a low volume loss (the amount of metal lost a few) as the relationship between them is inverse. ‎To study the corrosion behavior of the samples that have been sintering processes under different time ‎of stay and to perform this test (tafel Extrapolation test) in 0.9 NaCl solution, where the sample is ‎subjected to high temperature and a long period of stay and therefore This lead to increases the ‎diffusion and increases the contact points between the particles and increase the forces of bonds ‎between the particles and this leads to increased corrosion current and therefore the oxidation process ‎to be a high degree and this leads to the higher rate of corrosion.‎

This research is aimed to study the possibility of recycled the PET wastes by forming the PET ‎wastes as plastic semi-bars and used it as tension bars in simply supported reinforced concrete beams . ‎Twelve beams specimens with dimension of (150*200*1400) mm are casted and tested to monitoring the ‎effecting of these wastes as tension bars on the strengths and serviceability of reinforced concrete beams. ‎The mechanical properties (compressive, splitting tensile and flexural strength) are evaluated in which ‎specimens tested in age of 28 days. The tests results showed that all presented plastic semi-bars are failed ‎except one case in which the deformed steel bar are used with additional layer of PET bottle cut into two ‎parts which showed an increment in ultimate failure load and deflection of 3.03 % and 213.83 % ‎respectively, larger than the reference beam specimens. Negatively effect of PET semi-bar on ultimate load ‎of beams is due to bonding failure between PET bars and surrounding concrete, which made the PET bars ‎as voids or weak region within beam cross section.‎

The problem of wireless channel estimation has been evolving due to some undesirable effects ‎of channel physical properties on transmitted signals. At the receiver end, distortions, delays, ‎attenuations, interferences, and phase shifts are the most issues encounter together with the received ‎signals. In order to overcome channel effects and provide almost a perfect quality of data ‎transmission, channel parameter estimation is needed. In Multiple Input-Multiple Output systems ‎‎(MIMO), channel estimation is a more complicated step as compared with the Single Input-Single ‎Output systems, SISO, because of the fact that the number of sub-channels that needs estimate is ‎much greater than SISO systems. The fundamental objective of this research paper is to go over the ‎famous and efficient algorithms that have been innovated to solve the problem of MIMO channel ‎estimation in wireless communication systems. In this paper, these techniques have been classified into ‎three groups: non-blind, semi-blind and blind estimation. For each group, a brief illustration is ‎presented for familiar estimation algorithms. Finally, we compare between these techniques based on ‎computational complexity, latency and estimation accuracy.‎

Research work on finding out the role of the existence of houses of new pattern in changing and ‎deforming the morphology of rural statement in the middle region in Iraq. The first stage was to ‎explore the charachteristics of traditional house in Iraqi rural statement and find out the factors that ‎made these charachteristics to make easy make a comparison of new houses with new pattern. A ‎finding result shows up that deformation may occurs in architectural forms in case of the absence of ‎specific beauty elements. To make sure of that , verbal and written quastionaires were done for ‎selected rural statments houses owners and architecture experts who indicated the presence of big ‎deformation in samples of houses tissue that include both traditional and new pattern together in rural ‎statements.‎

Studies has focused generally on studying generally and specific researches concepts in ‎architecture, one of these concepts was the identity and the ways that support constructing and ‎specifying the identity concept with in various frames , but it ignore important side which represented ‎by experimenting two points which they are the figure and background visually and the exchangeable ‎connection and the effect of each one of them on the other in forming the general frames to identity in ‎sight of architectural knowledge frame around all identity and its relationships with figure and ‎background visually.‎
‎ This paper aims to define the general visions to study the identity concept in general and the ‎effect of figure and background visually and the exchangeable effect between them in constructing ‎the basis of this new identity by specifying the knowledge proposition about the general subject then ‎build a theoretical frame for these concepts and apply it on specific architectural case study ‎representing a practical example of the identity concept in architecture and analyzing the results of ‎about there are approximate in nature and level of results of figure and background visually and its ‎relationship exchangeable with identity. ‎

‎ In the present paper, the contact of area, which is produced between a pair of bodies (flat ‎surface and hemi-cylindrical shape), has been studied under the effect of slippage occurrence, where it ‎represents one of the important problems in the mechanical engineering, especially in robotic design. ‎Many parameters have been studied, like frictional forces, equivalent stresses, friction coefficient, and ‎contact area of deformation. The behavior of these parameters has been monitored during the ‎slippage that is generated between the flat surface made from cast alloy steel and the other part made ‎from rubber. The finite element method (FEM) with SOLIDWORKS software was used to simulate this ‎contact area under the slippage effect. The results of the simulation showed a significant behavior, ‎particularly at the beginning of slippage and the stage of (stick-slip) phenomena, in other words, the ‎simulation outputs indicated that the slippage influence has an important behavior, especially when ‎the phenomena of both slippage and stick-slip stage start to occur. These analyses are intended to ‎understand how the contact area affected to design measures to prevent the slippage occurrence and ‎the damage in contacted bodies. ‎

A network is defined as a set of nodes that are associated with a way to handle and transfer data ‎and messages from source to destination. The congestion in the network occurs when a lot of traffic ‎occurs, leads to delay, packet loss, bandwidth degradation, and high network overhead. Load balancing ‎algorithms have been designed to reduce congestion in the network. Load Balancing is the redistribution of ‎workload between two or more nodes to be executed at the same time. Two policies of load balancing ‎algorithms: static and dynamic load balancing. This paper proposes a load balancing algorithm based on ‎the hybrid (static and dynamic) policy using Network Simulator (version 2). The hybrid policy is used to ‎improve network performance by redistributing the load between overloaded nodes to other nodes that are ‎under loaded when congestion occurs. The simulation results show that the proposed algorithm used ‎performance of the network with regard to throughput, packet delivery ratio, packet loss and the end-to-‎end delay.‎

The present paper investigates some mechanisms of modification the eutectic of aluminum-‎Silicon (Al-Si) alloys. These alloys have been many applications in general industries especially in ‎military, aerospace and automobiles. These alloys in some cases need to modify their properties In ‎particular the wear resistance. This can be overcome by modification the morphology of Si-eutectic. ‎Many mechanisms were suggested in this field. The most common mechanisms are chemical ‎modification and quenching modification. The chemical modification achieved by adding some rare ‎earth elements like sodium (Na), strontium (Sr), and antimony (Sb). Also can be refined the structure of ‎these alloys by using master alloys such as Al-Ti, Al-Ti-B and Al-B. According to restricted growth ‎theory, the impurity induced twinning which reduce the growth. According to the restricted nucleation, ‎the twin plane re-entrant edge (TPRE) Poisoning, which stopped the twin plane. The addition of sodium ‎‎(Na) in the range of 0.005 to 0.01% modifies the eutectic Si but it has high vapourity and it is difficult ‎to determine its resulting level. Strontium is added in a range of 0.02 to 0.04% but it is ability to ‎oxidation is high as contact with atmosphere.‎

One of the most common type of embankment dam failure is the dam-break due to ‎overtopping. In this study, the finite elements method has been used to analyze seepage and limit ‎equilibrium method to study stability of the body of an earthfill dam during the flood condition. ‎For this purpose, the software Geostudio 2012 is used through its subprograms SEEP/W and ‎SLOPE/W. Al-Adhaim dam in Iraq has been chosen to analysis the 5 days of flood. It was found ‎that the water flux of seepage during the flood reaches about 8.772*10-5. m3/sec when the water ‎level 146.5 m at 2nd day. Seepage through the embankment at maximum water level increased by ‎‎55.1 % from maximum water level. It was concluded that the factor of safety against sliding in ‎downstream side decrease with increasing water level and vice versa. It was also concluded that the ‎deposits are getting more critical stability during the conditions of flood when the factor of safety ‎value reaches 1.219 at 2nd day.‎

The important of ground water is increasing in the future as a source of fresh waters; in ‎addition, many countries contain a number of water treatment plants to treat surface water. Using ‎conventional treatment plant in the cities to treat ground water will decrease the cost of ground water ‎treatment and may be help to depend on both surface and ground water supplies. This paper studied ‎the ability of treating ground water by conventional water treatment. The quality of the ground water ‎source is studied in the mention area during study period. The chemical quality of ground water is ‎tested and there is within the standards of drinking water except iron. The conventional treatment was ‎enhancing quality of treated water by increment of dissolved oxygen concentrations toward optimum ‎value. Water treatment plant was effective for removal of iron from ground water of about 50%, in ‎addition there is an effect of conventional treatment on sulfate removal (sulfate may be increase ‎above standards in some ground water sources). The statistical analysis of data shows there is a ‎correlation between quality parameters of raw and treated water and between iron and sulfate of ‎treated water in the correlation matrix. In addition, confidence test was applied on the correlation ‎coefficients using fisher\'s transformation .The analysis shows, that there is a positive period (0.244, ‎‎0.941) of confidence of 95% of correlation factors of iron and sulfate.‎

An open-graded friction course (OGFC) is a special type surface layer of traditional Dense ‎Graded Hot Mix Asphalts (DGHMA) pavement that is increasingly being used around the world due to ‎its various benefits, such as, frictional, safety and environmental, etc. In this research, selective ‎laboratory OGFC properties were statistically modeled depends on mix design inputs for two purposes ‎or aims; mix inputs significant and prediction the OGFC properties according mix inputs. Principally, ‎Indirect Tensile Strength (ITS), water sensitivity (TSR), and permeability (K) were selected from ‎mechanical, durability, and volumetric properties, respectively as an output property; they represent ‎the dependent variables for each model. While, fillers as conventional mineral filler or Ordinary ‎Portland Cement (CMF, or OPC), binder content (BC), and polymer content (SBS) are represented ‎inputs or the independent variables for all models. The generated models offered a vital achievable ‎tool for prediction (e.g., their R² are 0.7‎‏81‏‎, 0.82‎‏ 1‏and 0.82‎‏0‏‎, respectively, for the mentioned model’s ‎properties), also it helped to scale the significant of each independent variable (e.g., filler type ‎significantly affect water sensitivity properties, its correlation was 0.7‎‏52‏‎). This study reveals that the ‎statistical modeling is achievable and offers a dynamic tool to describe the characteristics and ‎performance of OGFC mixture in term volumetric, mechanical and durability properties.‎

Statistical modeling is utilized effectively to development relation/s between the dependent ‎variables and independent variables. In other words, it describes how one or more random variables are ‎related to one more other variables. Building verified models can help in predicting performance ‎characteristics, and saving time and money. This study aims to present a statistical models which help to ‎understand the significance of the different parameters in characterizing the performance of the Thin ‎Asphalt Overlay (TAO). The experimental program included: design the thin asphalt overlay mixtures ‎using one gradation type (9.5 Nominal Maximum Aggregate Size NMAS), three filler types (conventional ‎mineral filler, Ordinary Portland Cement, and Quick lime), and five percentages of asphalt content to ‎identify the optimum asphalt content. Then, Styrene Butadiene Styrene (SBS) modified polymer binder ‎was introduced for performance enhancement. Performance tests were used to evaluate TAO mixture in ‎term of some main namely, volumetric, mechanical, and durability properties are (bulk density, indirect ‎tensile strength and tensile strength ratio). Statistical Product and Service Solutions (SPSS) software ‎‎(Version 24) was used as a tool for models building. To find the most accurate statistical models, linear and ‎nonlinear regression was achieved. This study demonstrates that the using statistical modeling is ‎achievable and offer a vital tool to describe the characteristics and performance of the TAO mixture in ‎term volumetric, mechanical and durability properties.‎

In this work, the effect of voltage and concentration on the properties of zinc powder (purity, ‎morphology, and apparent density) that produced by electrodeposition process from industrial waste ‎‎(galvanized steel) was studied. In Electrodeposition process, used sulfuric acid H₂SO₄ with ‎concentration 0.2M and zinc sulphate heptahydrate ZnSO₄.7H₂O in three different concentrations ‎‎(100, 75, and 50) M, The time of deposition is 10 mins, three electrodes were used, the distance ‎between electrodes was 3cm for all experiments and the PH of solutions were 0.3, 0.4, 0.6 for three ‎concentrations respectively. The voltages that used were (2, 3, 4, 6, 8, and11) V. First of all, the ‎morphology of zinc powder for all experiments was dendritic. The effect of voltage on the apparent ‎density in ranging was from 1.2 to 0.71 gm. /cm3 in 100M for voltages from 2V to 11V, it was from ‎‎0.94 to0.60 gm. /cm3 in 75M, and it was from 0.80 to 0.50 gm. /cm3 in 50M concentration. The purities ‎increased with decrease of zinc ion concentration were (89.51, 92.78, and 95.48) for three different ‎concentrations of same voltage 2V. The highest purity of Zn powder was 95.58 in 6V in 50M ‎concentration. ‎

Antibacterial material nanocomposites are prepared to manufacture intravenous therapy (IV). ‎These composites prepared by adding Magnesium oxide nano powder (MgO NPs) with a different percent ‎‎(3, 6, and 9 wt %) to Silicone rubber (SR). The activity of this antibacterial material was inspected against ‎S. aureus and E.coli microorganisms by using Agar Well Diffusion method.‎
Results showed that the addition of MgO NPs to SiR causes the following enhancement the ‎antibacterial activity against E.coli and S.aureus by 7.1% and 27.1% respectively, increasing tensile ‎strength by 65.5%, increasing the hardness by11.25%, increasing the wear resistance by 84.5%, increasing ‎surface bearing index (Sbi) by 80.5% , increasing in core fluid retention (Sci) by 8.5%, decreasing surface ‎roughness (Sa) by 65%, decreasing core roughness depth (Sk) by 67% and enhancement the wettability by ‎decreases contact angle to minimum value.‎