Osol Journal for Medical Sciences

Background: This study aimed to assess the bone structure supporting teeth near the cleft region in individuals with a unilateral cleft lip and palate. The study also aimed to compare these measurements with the corresponding teeth on the non-cleft side using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT).
Materials and Methods: Thirty individuals with unilateral cleft lip and/or palate had their CBCT scans analyzed. Cleft-adjacent teeth had their alveolar bone support measured and compared to non-cleft-adjacent teeth. The buccal bone plate thickness was measured at 0-, 1-, 2-, and 4-mm depths, as was the distance between the cementoenamel junction (CEJ) and the alveolar crest (AC) on the buccal side.
Results: The central incisor's bony support was notably thinner in cleft regions compared to non-cleft areas at apical depths of zero and one millimeter. The CEJ-AC space for central teeth near the cleft was significantly greater than that in non-cleft regions. Similar trends were observed for canine teeth at 0, 1, 2, and 4 millimeters, resembling the results for central teeth at 0 and 1 millimeters. The CEJ-AC space for canine teeth adjacent to the cleft was significantly developed compared to non-cleft regions.
Conclusion: Individuals with a unilateral cleft lip and palate exhibited diminished alveolar bone support for teeth near the cleft area compared to controls. This discrepancy could lead to future complications, underscoring the importance of professional dental care to maintain optimal periodontal health in these patients.

High blood sugar occurs in diabetes mellitus when either the pancreas does not secrete enough insulin or cells do not respond to the insulin that is produced. This study aims to evaluate some biochemical variables in patients with type 2 diabetes and their relationship to exacerbating the disease condition. Seventy patients with diabetes mellitus and fifty healthy individuals were included as normal controls for this study. Blood analysis was carried out for all of them which include serum glucose, lipid profile, urea, creatinine and liver enzymes (ALT, AST, GGT) levels. This study included the verification of some biochemical variables by measuring their levels in diabetics and healthy people. As the levels of all the variables under study increased in diabetics except for high-density lipoproteins, its level decreased compared to the results obtained for the same variables in healthy people.

Serum samples from thirty patients with thyroiditis disease (hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism) were collected from visits to the endocrinology departments of the Baghdad Teaching Hospital and the Oncology Teaching Hospital and were compared to twenty control samples from healthy people. The results helped researchers determine the causes of the two conditions by applying theoretical analyses of the thyroid gland, which included calculating the total hormone concentration in the thyroid gland. Thyroiditis was shown to occur more frequently in females than in males, and to peak amongst the ages of 20-40. T3, T4, and TSH levels were all shown to be significantly different between hypothyroid, hyperthyroid, and control patients (P0.005). Serum levels of potassium and sodium are within the normal range, whereas chloride is slightly higher.

Diastema, or gaps in the front teeth, is unsightly and can have a detrimental effect on an individual's self-confidence and ability to make professional connections in social and professional settings. Therefore, examining the patient's wants, desires, and aesthetic concerns is important to evaluate the treatment plan to get optimal results. Modern eons have seen an upsurge in the need for interdisciplinary relationship between orthodontics, restorative dentistry, and periodontology to achieve an effective treatment plan and consequence. The black triangle (gingival embrasure without papilla), which occurs when a diastema is closed directly, is a major issue in aesthetic dentistry. The black triangle will ruin the patients' smiles; therefore, it is best to avoid it. The composite mastic used to seal diastemas should have sufficient convexity in the gingivo-incisal direction to prevent this issue. Closing a diastema can be done in several ways, some of which take a long time or do not give a good contour.

Radiolucent lesion in jawbone more than radiopaque and mixed lesion, this appears in any lesion (odontogenic, non-odontogenic). However, this group include benign and malignant bone tumor. this lesion appears rarely in crown of tooth and more than in apex tooth.