Al Mustansiriyah Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences

Green tea (Camellia sinensis) has received a considerable attention in the health
benefit owing to its anti-oxidant properties both in vivo and in vitro against drug-induced
toxicities. However, there are many scientific evidences suggest that green tea or its catechins
at higher concentration produced pro-oxidative effect in vivo and in vitro.
This study was designed to assess whether or not the aqueous green tea extract AGTE)
used in various concentrations may have pro-oxidant effect in rats liver.
Aqueous extract of green tea was freshly prepared daily by soaking the required
amount of green tea leaves for 10 min in 100 ml distilled water at 90°C to obtain 2.5 %, 5 %
and 10 % concentrations, respectively of aqueous solutions. Twenty four white albino rats of
both sexes, weighing 200-250 g were used in this study and allocated into two groups; group
I- Six rats were fed tap water by feeding bottle for 7 days; this group was served as control
group; group II- Eighteen rats were fed different concentrations of AGTE by feeding bottle
as only source of drinking fluid, this group was served to demonstrate the possible pro
oxidant effect of AGTE on the liver of rats as follows: A-Six rats were fed 2.5% AGTE, B
Six rats were fed 5 % AGTE, C-Six rats were fed 10 % AGTE.
The parameters of oxidative stress, malondialdehyde (MDA) and reduced glutathione (GSH)
were evaluated in the liver tissue homogenate. Serum activities of Aspartate
Aminotransferase (AST), Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT) and Alkaline Phosphates (ALP)
were assessed .
Analysis of data revealed that, rats orally administered AGTE in concentrations (5 %
and 10 %) produced significant reduction in the content of MDA in liver tissue homogenate
(62.42 % and 12.4 % respectively) compared to control animals, while a non significant
difference was observed in animals administered 2.5 % AGTE compared to control group.
Meanwhile, 10 % AGTE produced significant decrease in levels of GSH in liver tissue
homogenate, while non significant differences concerning GSH levels in liver tissue
homogenate in rats administered 2.5% and 5% AGTE compared to control animals (59.25%).
Regarding the serum activities of AST, ALT and ALP, rats administrated an oral
concentration of 2.5% AGTE for 7 days showed a non-significant difference in the serum
activity of ALT compared to control group, while there was a significant decrease in the
serum AST activity (64.48%) and ALP (65.4%) compared to control group. Rats
administrated an oral concentration of 5% AGTE for 7 days showed a non-significant
difference in serum activity of AST, ALT and ALP compared to control group.
Administration of an oral concentration of 10 % AGTE for 7 days to rats showed non
significant difference in the serum activity of AST, ALT compared to control group, while
there was a significant decrease in the serum ALP activity (58.57 %) compared to the control
group.
According to the results obtained from this study, it could be concluded that AGTE
possesses an antioxidant- rather than pro-oxidant-effect in vivo, manifested by a decrease in the content of MDA in liver tissue homogenate, and in serum activities of AST and ALP.

New series of tricyclic benzo[d]thiazole derivatives (2-12) incorporated into fused to
different five membered nitrogen and sulphur containing heterocyclic were prepared from 2
hydrazinobenzo[d]thiazole (1) when treated with triethylformate, acetic anhydride, ethyl
chloro acetate, carbon disulphide in alkali, and urea respectively.
Compound(1) converted to Schiff’s bases by the condensation different aromatic
aldehydes, the synthesized Schiff’s bases were cyclized by bromine in acetic acid to form
triazole ring in the new derivatives (7-11) , which might result in biologically active agents.
Similar new tricyclic compounds, triazolobenzothiazol-3-amine [12], was obtained from
action of benzo[d]thiazole-2-thiol with thiosemicarbazide. The structures of the new
compounds have been characterized by elemental analysis and spectral data.
Newly synthesized compounds (2-12) were screened for their antibacterial activity
against four bacterial species. They were found to exhibit good antibacterial activity.
Keywords: 3-substituted Benzo[4,5]thiazolo[2,3-c][1,2,4]triazole,
2-hydrazinobenzo[d] thiazole,benzo [d]thiazole-2-thiol, antibacterial activity

The objective of this study is to hydrolysis the cellulose to glucose. The dilute acid
and base hydrolysis of cellulose with hydrochloric, sulfuric acids sodium hydroxide and
potassium hydroxide were undertaken alone, The conditions for the dilute acid and base
hydrolysis were found to be 5% for both acids and bases at a temperature of 170°C and time 2
hours.
It was found that the glucose yield by acid hydrolysis was 7.8% and by base
hydrolysis was 8% .Then the dilute acid hydrolysis of cellulose with hydrochloric & sulfuric
acids and the dilute base hydrolysis of cellulose with sodium and potassium hydroxide were
undertaken in microwave oven for ten minutes only.
The experimental data indicate that the use of microwave technology can successfully
facilitate dilute acid hydrolysis and the dilute base hydrolysis of cellulose allowing high
yields of glucose in short reaction times.
These conditions gave a yield of 57% and 58% glucose by acids and base hydrolysis
respectively. The microwave is the promising way to increase the glucose yield from
cellulose.
Keywords: dilute acid hydrolysis; cellulose hydrolysis; microwave oven.

The Hydatid cyst is endemic in our country, but bone lesions are less common. The
disease often takes the appearance of abscess or malignant lesion. Osseous Hydatid disease is
caused by parasitic tapeworm Genus Echinococcus. Patients usually present with pain ,
swelling, or pathological fracture.
The course of the disease is generally slow and laboratory tests are frequently negative
. Diagnosis is generally made through the combined assessment of clinical, radiologic, and
laboratory data.
Living in a rural area is an important factor for the disease/ The gold standard for
therapy is radical removal of the ribs or chest wall.
We present the case of a 42- year old man with costal echinococcusis of the right (8th)
rib ,complete excision of the rib ,followed by three months of Albendazole 10mg/kg/day.
Key word: Hydatid cyst, Chest wall, Rib, Echinococcusis, Albendazole, Rural area.

Gastric retentive dosage forms are highly useful for the delivery of many kinds of drugs.
The use of floating dosage forms (FDFs) is one of the methods used to achieve prolonged
gastric residence time (GRT).
Formulation of Metronidazole (MDZ) as FDF provides an opportunity for both local and
systemic drug action for eradication of Helicobacter pylori which is a gram-negative bacterium
that is associated with gastric inflammation, peptic ulcer, and gastric cancer.
This study was undertaken in order to formulate effervescent single-unit floating drug
delivery system (FDDS) for MDZ.
In the effervescent method, a carbon dioxide generating agent, e.g. sodium bicarbonate,
was incorporated in hydrophilic polymer matrix together with MDZ.
Different formulation parameters were studied and their effects on the floatation and in
vitro drug release profiles were investigated.
Polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) provided rapid hydration of matrix, and this influence was
decreased with time.
Pectin was found to meet the requirements needed from a matrix for drug delivery
applications including suitable mechanical properties to confine the gas, and to sustain MDZ
release.
The optimal amount of polymer and effervescent agent, lubricant agent concentration,
and compression force were also demonstrated.
The stability of the selected floating MDZ tablet formula (6) was also studied at different
temperatures for three months and the calculated expiration date was found to be more than 4
years.

In diabetes mellitus, persistence of hyperglycemia was reported to cause increased
production of oxidative parameters, and decreased antioxidant status. Therefore, the present
study considered to evaluate the effect of glycemic control on oxidant-antioxidant status in type
2 diabetic patients. The study examined 145 type 2 diabetic patients, who attend to the National
Diabetic Center (Al-Mustansiyriah University). Patients were divided in two groups, as well
glycemic controlled (group1[75 patients]) (HbA1c< 7%, and FSG < 110 mg/dl) and poorly
controlled (group2 [70 patients]) (had HbA1c≥ 7%, and FSG ≥ 110). All patients were reported in
the morning after overnight fast, and underwent physical examination and laboratory tests.
Height and weight were noted for Body Mass Index (BMI), it was calculated as weight
(Km)/height2 (m2).
Laboratory evaluations consisted of measuring fasting serum glucose (FSG), glycated
hemoglobin (HbA1c), total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), malondialdehyde (MDA),
erythrocyte-Glutation (GSH), ascorbic acid (AA), uric acid (UA), and cerulopalsmine (CP). The
results indicate that fasting serum FSG, HbA1c, (MDA), (TC), and (TG), were increased
significantly (P<0.01 for FSG, HbA1c, MDA; and P<0.05 for TC, and TC) in poorly controlled
subjects comparing to well controlled. Instead of that there is significant increase in (CP)
(P<0.05) in poorly controlled patients. On the other hand there is significant decreased in (GSH,
(AA), (UA) (P<0.01 for GSH, AA; and P<0.05 for UA) in poorly controlled compared to well
controlled diabetic patients. Correlation analysis showed a significant positive correlation in
serum HbA1c-MDA, GSH-AA (P<0.01; and P<0.05 respectively) in both group, while there is
only positive correlation in HbA1c-FSG (P<0.01) in well controlled patients, and positive
correlation in HbA1c-TC in poorly controlled patients. On the other hand, there is a significant
negative correlation in MDA-GSH, MDA-AA, and MDA-UA in both studying group. The
present study concludes the increased risk of oxidative stress manifested by increased plasma
MDA, and decreased antioxidant levels in poor glycemic control. The study therefore suggests,
the estimation of antioxidants levels with other routine investigations may be useful in reduce of
the oxidative stress in diabetic
Keywords: Glycemic control.Type2 diabetes. Oxidative stress.

The present study aimed to measure serum vaspin and apelin levels in women with
PCOS to show their rule in the pathogenesis of PCOS. Ninety eight women with PCOS, 51
non-obese [body mass index (BMI) less than 25 kg/m2] and 47 obese (BMI >25 kg/m2) were
enrolled in the study. Each group is compared to apparently healthy women as a control group
matched for age and BMI. Clinical history, anthropometric measurements and biochemical
and hormonal analysis were determined. The mean serum level of vaspin and apelin showed
statistically significant difference between PCOS patients (non-obese and obese) compared to
control women (non-obese and obese) respectively. Also, the levels of both parameters
(vaspin, apelin)showed significant differences between PCOS obese patients and non-obese
ones. It is concluded that serum vaspin and apelin level increased in PCOS women
particularly the obese. These data suggest their involvement in the pathogenesis of PCOS
Key word: Polycystic ovary syndrome, vaspin, apelin.

Propranolol Hydrochloride (PHCl) is a synthetic beta adrenergic receptor blocking
agent used widely in the treatment of angina pectoris, cardiac arrhythmias and hypertension.
The purpose of this study was to develop PHCl orodispersible tablet of fast disintegration in
mouth with high mechanical strength to withstand handling during manufacturing and patient
use.
Sublimation technique was used to prepare the orodispersible tablets of PHCl using four
subliming agents; camphor, thymol, ammonium bicarbonate and menthol by direct
compression method in presence of 2.5%w/w crospovidone as superdisintegrant. The product is
of high porosity after sublimation of agent from the tablets. To mask the bitter taste of the drug,
increase sweetness and to provide acceptable feeling in mouth, aspartame, saccharin sodium,
and citric acid were added. Mannitol was used as sugar based multifunctional diluents.
The formulas powder blend was evaluated before compression for angle of repose and
compressibility index while the post-compression parameters were evaluated for weight
variation, content uniformity, hardness, friability, disintegration time, and drug in vitro release
of the formulated tablets. The weight and drug content of tablets of all batches were within the
acceptable limits. The in vitro disintegration time was less than 62.8 seconds for all batches
except that containing 2.5% w/w menthol shows disintegration in 202.73 sec.
Menthol 15% w/w shows the shortest disintegration time among subliming agents with
acceptable friability and hardness, thus selected as the best formula (F9). The optimized
formulation showed faster release profile in comparison to the conventional tablets.

This study have been carried out on (100) samples (hair, skin, nail and lesions) from
cleaners of hospitals, schools and roads suspected of skin infections, 60 male, 40 female and
40 samples 20 male and 20 female from healthy individuals as control. Patients were divided
into 3 age groups: G1 (15-25) years, G2 (26-35) years and G3 (36-45) years, in addition to
control group (25-35) years.
Samples were taken from (June-September, 2010) at some regions in Baghdad City.
Diagnosis by a potassium hydroxide (KOH) microscopy and culture on Saboraud's dexotrose
agar (SDA) have showed that most common dermatophyte infections were for tinea pedis
with prevalence rate of (53%) followed by tinea unguium of (24.6%), tinea versicolor of
(12.1%), tinea corporis of (5.3%), tinea capitis of (4.7%). Bacterial infections have been
diagnosed by Gram stain film then cultured on blood agar and Api system.
Staphylococcus aureus was responsible for most infections that appeared. Significant
differences (P < 0.05) have been appeared between some of the study groups comparing with
normal values and control group in the results of hematological tests [hemoglobin level,
erythrocyte sedimentation rate (E.S.R.)]. Biochemical analyses were performed on serum
samples (blood sugar, blood urea, serum creatinine, total bilirubin, serum cholesterol, serum
triglycerides.

During the evaluation of water quality before and after treatment in one of the three water
purification stations in Baghdad city.
Three uncommon bacterial species were detected and isolated from the water of Tigris
River and the drinking water after treatment in purification station using conventional
bacteriological methods and API20E technique for the identification of bacteria.
The isolated bacterial species were Pantoea spp. Rahnella aquatilis and Sphingomonas
paucimobilis which were belonging to the families Enterobacteriaceae and Sphingomonadaceae.
It is of noteworthy that, these species has not been previously isolated from the water of
Tigris River or from any other Iraqi environment or clinical samples.
Although, these bacteria were habituated natural environment (water, plants and soil),
they are opportunistic pathogen and they sometime pose a real public health concern, they could
infect different parts of human body and some of them were recovered from different hospital
environments and equipments.

Bronchiolitis is a virally induced acute bronchiolar inflammation. It is the most
common lower respiratory tract infection in infants with ages less than 1 year.
The most common virus responsible for bronchiolitis is respiratory syncytial virus
(RSV). The mainstay of management is oxygen and fluid administration. Pharmacological
interventions including corticosteroids and bronchodilators have not been shown to improve
outcome.
Is to evaluate the effect of montelukast and to verify the efficacy of bronchodilators
and anti-inflammatory drugs among infants presenting with acute viral bronchiolitis in two
Iraqi pediatric hospitals.
This was a randomized, prospective study in two Iraqi pediatric hospitals. Sixty
infants with age range (2-24months) with a first episode of acute bronchiolitis were randomly
divided into four treatment groups: oxygen plus intravenous fluid, montelukast pediatric
chewable tablet, salbutamol given in combination as oral plus nebulized salbutamol, and
dexamethasone IV injection. Control infants with non respiratory diseases were also studied
for comparisons. The measured outcomes included: respiratory rate, heart rate, oxygen blood
saturation, and times to resolution of illness, duration of oxygen & intravenous fluid therapy,
and length of hospital stay.
These parameters were measured for each infants from hospital admission until
discharge.
All groups were comparable at baseline. There are significant improvements in the
respiratory rate, heart rate, blood oxygen saturation and rapid resolution of illnesses in the
patients group that received oxygen plus IV fluid &the patients group that received
montelukast tablet compared to other treatment options.
Length of hospital stays was shorter in these two treatment options compared to other
treatment options.
The results observed effect of montelukast & oxygen plus intravenous fluid on the
measured parameters compared to other treatments options in these two hospitals.
Key words: Montelukast, Bronchiolitis, Respiratory Syncytial Virus

Aqeous and alcoholic extract of turmeric (Curcuma longa) were evaluated for its
antimicrobial action against the food borne and food spoilage pathogen, Staphylococcus
aureus, that resistant concentrations (Minimum inhibition concentration (MIC) and Minimum
bactericidal concentration (MBC)) of C.longa against S.aureus were found using MIC and
MBC assay,miced meat was taken as the standard sample to test for the turmeric upon MDR
S. aureusduring 6 days storage and compared with sodium nitrate.Turmeric extract exhibited
anti-MDR S.aureus activity with all concentration-dependent relationship.the alcohol extracts
were the most efficient,then aqueous extracts and both of them with high significant
differences compared with sodium nitrate(preservative). The value of MIC and MBC of
turmeric was 2.5 ml and was the efficient when used in miced meat storage assay for 6 days
with high significant differences compared with sodium nitrate.

Hydatid disease is a major public health and economic problem in Iraq causing
morbidity and mortality, This study was done to illustrate some biochemical changes,
hemoglobin, blood group and CRP in hydatid cyst patients before and after 15 days of
surgery.
Twenty patients with hydatid liver cyst infection were enrolled in this study consist of
(15 male) and (5 female), Those patients were matched with twenty (14 male) and (6 female)
apparently healthy subjects as controls, The results of the study were as the following
Significantly high serum triglyceride and serum bilirubin levels were observed in patients
with hydatid cyst before and after 15 days of surgical removal when compared with healthy
controls And significantly high serum bilirubin level in hydatid cyst patients before surgery
when compared with patients after 15 days of surgical removal of the cyst.
Blood glucose, urea and hemoglobin level for both studied subjects were within
normal range as in healthy controls. Group O was more frequently in hydatid cyst patients
than non O group (A, B, AB), Elevated CRP in 14% of hydatid cyst patients before surgery
when compared with healthy controls, while after 15 days of surgical removal the mean level
of CRP was decreased to 4% .
In conclusion all studied parameters may be helpful in following up the effectiveness
of surgical treatment. Further investigation in this regard with a larger group of patients is
recommended to explore the potential of these parameters compared to alternative measures
in monitoring hydatidosis infection and surgical removal of hydatid cyst on hydatid cyst
patients.

Soy is flavones are phytoestrogens with potential hormonal activity due to
their similar chemical structure to 17-B-estradiol. The increasing availability of Soy
is flavones throughout the food supply and through use of supplements has
prompted extensive research on biological benefits to humans in chronic disease
prevention and health maintenance. The objective of this study was to assess the
effect of consumption of soy bean by pregnant mice on histomorphology of testis,
epididymis in the male offspring's. Twenty pregnant female mice at age of six weeks
were used as a model for this study.
After 40 days (around the puberty age) the animals were sacrificed to get
their testes and epididymis each testis and epididymis was weighted, then prepared
using routine histological technique mouse born from mother treated with Soy bean
extract (1.5mg daily), Note the absence of mature sperms and the appearance of
immature sperms in the lumen seminiferous tubules and the appearance immature
sperms connected to the germinal epithelium, and also we note in the epididymis of
young male mouse from mother treated with soy bean extract absence of mature
sperms in the lumen of the epididymis.
Diameters of seminiferous tubules and epididymis together with the
thickness of their germinal wall were calculated, these observation indicate that the
perinatal exposure of male mice to is flavones affected in testies and epididymis, and
they imply that Soy bean has potential implication for testis function.

Most data in the literature include frequencies of these antigens in European and
American countries. In this study for the first time we have reported frequencies of these
antigens in the Thi-Qar of Iraq.
The aim of the present study was to record the various blood groups among the
population of Thi-Qar and to compare it with other populations.
To determine the prevalence of different blood groups and Rh factors in a random
population sample from urban and rural areas of Thi-qar of Iraq.
Blood group and Rh factor determination was carried out by the antigen-antibody
agglutination test. The frequency of each type was calculated.
Out of 2841 subjects 4804 (59.1%) were male subjects and 1963 (40.9%) were female.
The overall phenotypic frequencies of ABO blood in three groups in the total sample was
O>A>B>AB.
The frequencies of ABO and Rh phenotypes in Thi-Qar are similar to those
reported from most areas in the Arabian region.

The study included (45) samples of fruit juices, ice creams and yogurts which locally
produced and available at Baghdad markets including some small markets and booths. The
study focused on the detection of microbial contaminants by accounting total number of
aerobic bacteria, coliform bacteria, E.coli, S. aureus and Salmonella.
Results of microbial tests of (20) randomly collected samples of juices selected from
local stores and boxes in Baghdad city area showed contamination and invalidity of these
samples for human consumption comparing to Iraqi standards with a failure rate reached to 15
% for total count of bacteria, 10% for coliform.
The microbial test (15) samples showed a failure rate of 66.5% for aerobic bacteria
(T.C) , 60% for E.coli, 65.6 % for coliform bacteria , 13.3 % for staphylococcus aureus.
No sign if Salmonella existence was recorded for all tested samples in compare with Iraqi
standards. As for yogurts, the microbial tests of (10) samples showed a failure rate of 30% for
coliform, no sign of Salmonella existence was recorded for all tested samples.
Keyword: microbial contaminations, juices contamination, ice creams, yogurts
contamination, E-coli, Staphylococcus arouse ,coli form, aerobic bacteria

Urinary tract infection (UTI) in pregnancy is a common clinical problem which causes
morbidity and, in a small minority of cases, renal damage and chronic renal failure. Urine
samples from three hundred pregnant women were collected from Baghdad Teaching
Hospital, were examined between January to June 2012 for the presence of bacteria. Their
ages ranging from 15 to 50 years. Up to 32.6% (98) of women have a urinary tract infection
(UTI). Escherichia coli was detected in 27.5% (27) of all the urine samples.
All isolates were screened for some virulence factors: α-haemolysin, adhesion factor
type P fimbriae and serum resistance. Multiplex PCR systems were used to detect genes
encoding α-hemolysin (hlyA), adhesion P(papC), and traT associated with serum resistance.
The results indicated that the occurrence of papC was detected in (18.5%), while traT was
detected in (96.2%) of isolates on the other hand hlyA can\\'t detected in any E. coli isolates. All
the isolates were also studied for antibiotic susceptibility pattern using a disc diffusion
method.
The rate of resistance of E. coli Amoxicillin (92.5%), Amoxicillin/Clavulanic acid
(89%), Cefotazidime, Cefotaxime and Cefepime (78%), kanamycin (59%), levofloxacin
(55.5%), Ciprofloxacin (52%) and showed high degree of sensitivity toward Cefoxitin and
Imipenem (7% and 0%) respectively. Additionally,17 (62.9%) isolates were multidrug
resistant.
The finding of this study indicated that the traT widespread among pathogenic E. coli
in Iraq. Furthermore it concludes that E. coli is one of the important multidrug resistance
causative agents of urinary tract infection in young women especially during the state of
pregnancy.
Key words: pregnant women; UTI; E. coli; UPEC; Virulence genes; Multiplex PCR

The evaluation of thyroid function of either hyperthyroidism or hypothyroidism should be
assessed by determination of serum Triiodothyronine (T3),Thyroxin (T4) and Thyroid Stimulating
Hormone (TSH). Due to specific conditions related to the pregnancy period, there are various
alterations accompanied this stage of life. Some changes required due to physiological demands
of pregnancy. Thyroid function was studied by determination of thyroid hormones using high
sensitive Enzyme Linked Immune sorbent Assay (ELISA) technique in 35 pregnant Iraqi women.
The study group comprised 35 full term pregnant women scheduled follows up the alterations of
thyroid hormones, while the control group included 30 healthy women volunteers. Serum
concentrations levels of total T3 (TT3), total T4 (TT4) & (TSH) were estimated using (ELISA)
technique. In the study group, blood samples were obtained during various stages of monthly
period of pregnancy.
Mean age of the study group was (27±5) years, and that of controls were (25±3)years. In
first trimester: serum TT3 & TT4 levels were significantly higher than that in controls
[1.2134±0.0445 vs. 1.0583±0.2439 ng/mL and 8.5266±0.4545 vs 7.0466±1.4460 μ gm/dL
respectively while TSH levels were significantly lower than that of control 2.3866 ±0.3087 vs
3.3466±1.3396 μIU/mL; P< 0.05]. In second trimester, there were continuously increase in
concentrations levels of TT3, and TT4 than that in control but TSH significantly was decreased
[1.347±0.0191 vs 1.0583±0.2439 ng/ml, 9.5923±0.31005 vs 7.0466±1.4460 μ gm/dL and
1.6733±0.1469 vs 3.3466±1.3396 μ IU/mL; P< 0.05]. In third trimester, TT3 showed significant
fall [1.2833±0.0447 vs. 1.0583±0.2439 ng/ml and the levels of TT4 significantly increased
10.3213±0.0914 vs 7.0466±1.4460 μ gm /dL while TSH significantly decreased1.2685±0.0390 vs
3.3466±1.3396 μIU/mL and; P< 0.05]. All alterations, the TT3 in first trimester was rise
significantly, and it was significantly fall in third trimester. TSH was significant fall in third
trimester .Conclusion that during pregnancy seemed to be significantly influenced by stress
present during pregnancy.
Key word: Thyroid hormone, Pregnancy, Thyroxin, ELISA,TSH

Two hundred fifty ear swab samples were collected from patient with Otitis media in
children between 6-12 years old in the central children hospital in Baghdad for a period between
July 2011 to December 2011.
The diagnosis of the isolates showed that 150 samples were positive to isolate bacterial
culture indicate the presence of Proteus spp. 48(32%) then Staphylococcus spp. 45(30%),
Pseudomonas spp. 40(26.6%) then Escherichia coli 17 (11.3%). The susceptibility of the isolates
to antimicrobial agents were tested on seven antimicrobial agents by using disc diffusion assay.
The antimicrobial agents were ampicilin, Gentamycin, cephalothin, rifampin, tetracyclin,
streptomycin, amikaci. All the isolates resist the streptomycin, tetracycline, rifampin,cephalothin
and ampicillin.
The alcoholic and water extract of Trigonela foenum graceum shows activity against the
four bacterial genuses. The (MIC) values for alcohol extract were (25mg/ml for Staphylococcus
spp, 12.5mg/ml for E. coli, (25mg/ml) for Proteus spp. and 12.5 mg/ml for pseudomonas spp.
The (MIC) values for the water extract were (25mg/ml) for Staphylococcus spp.,(12.5mg/ml )for
E.coli and (25mg/ml) for both Proteus spp. and Pseudomonas spp.
Keywords: Trigonella foenum graceum, antibacterial, otitis media infection.

This study aimed to investigate the role of seminal plasma anti-sperm antibody (ASA)
and cytokines (IL-2, IL-4, IL-10, IL-13, IL-17A and TNF-α) levels in the aetiopathogenesis of
male infertility in a sample of Iraqi patients.
A group of males with primary infertility attending Kamal Al-Samaraie Hospital, Center
of Infertility and in vitro Fertilization (Baghdad) and Baghdad Teaching Hospital (Infertility
Clinic) during the period March-August 2010 to October 2010 were enrolled in this study, in
addition, 16 fertile males (control). Based on WHO criteria of 2010 for general seminal fluid
analysis, the patients were distributed into three groups: azoospermic (AZO), Oligozoospermic
(OLI), and asthenozoospermic (24 patients for each group). Anti-sperm antibody (ASAs) and
cytokines levels were assessed in seminal plasma fluid by Enzyme Linked Immuno Sorbant
Assay (ELISA).
The mean of seminal plasma ASAs in azoospermia and oligospermia patients, as well as,
controls showed no significant difference (38.7, 41.2 and 43.8 U/ml, respectively), but the three
means were significantly lower than the mean (55.4 U/ml) of these antibodies in asthenospermia.
when patients and control were evaluated in terms of their positivity for ASAs, the highest
frequency of positive cases was observed in asthenospermia patients (41.7%) followed by
controls (25.5%), azoospermia (20,8%) and finally oligozoospermia (16.7%), but these
differences were not significant when each group of infertility was compared with controls.
The mean of IL-2, IL-10, and IL-17A levels in seminal plasma showed no significant
difference between the four investigated groups, while the levels of three cytokines (IL-4, IL-13
and TNF-α) showed deviations in infertile patients, but such deviation was subjected to the type
of investigated cytokine and type of infertility. Interleukin-4 and TNF-α were more significant in
oligozoospermia patients, while IL-13 was exceptionally increased in asthenozoospermia
patients, and it seemed that the other investigated cytokines had no effect on azoospermia.
Key Words: Male infertility, Azoospermia, Oligozoospermia, Asthenozoospermia, Cytokines,
Anti-sperm antibodies.

The study included the rapid synthesis and antibacterial activity of silver nanoparticles
synthesized by locally Lactobacillus spp.(Lactobacillus acidophilus, L. gasseri, L.
rhamnosus, L. fermentum). The silver nanoparticles were characterized with Atomic Force
Microscopy (AFM) and found theaverage size ranges from 33.71 to39.16 nm. Finally
antibacterial activities of the silver nanoparticles were checked against pathogenic bacteria
(Escherichia coli, Acinetobacter baumannii, Staphylococcus aureus and Listeria
monocytogenes).
The zone of inhibiton seems extremely good showing a relatively large zone of
inhibition in both gram positive and gram negative bacterial isolates. To the best of our study
this is the first report on synthesis of silver nanoparticles by locally Lactobacillus spp.