Al Mustansiriyah Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences

Background Saw palmetto contains powerful anti-inflammatory components commonly used in Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) patients with symptoms. The current study was designed to assess the effectiveness of saw palmetto alone or supplementation



therapy with tamsulosin via measurement of some inflammatory biomarker in male with lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) consistent with (BPH).

Methods The present study is an interventional prospective randomized enrolled newly diagnosed patients with moderate to severe symptomatic BPH. The eligible 60 patients were allocated into (3) groups, each group with (20) patients; Group (1) treated with Saw palmetto cap (320 mg); Group (2) treated with Saw palmetto cap (320 mg) and tamsulosin (0.4mg); Group (3) treated with tamsulosin (0.4mg), protocols to be given once daily for 12 weeks. Measurement of prostate specific antigen (PSA), C-reactive protein (CRP), and interleukin 6 (IL-6) was done.

Results There was significant decrease in the serum PSA, CRP and IL-6 level (P<0.01) in group1 and 2 patients only after treatment when compared to pretreatment. Patients on combination therapy presented with high percent of change compared to other groups. No change in CRP and IL-6 level in patients on tamsulosin alone.

Conclusion From the findings of the present study, phytotherapy with Saw Palmetto alone or as supplement produced significant 3 months drop in both inflammatory markers, the total CRP level and IL-6 level. Also produced significant decrease in PSA level, and may substitute the conventional therapy in mild disease status.

Covid -19 is a viral disease play important role in danger pathogens for human, it is infecting on respiratory, hepatic, central nervous systems and gastrointestinal, in addition to that, the triggers included cytokine storm is inflammatory response to viral infection





Therefore, excessive enhance of immune cells lead to new of pro-inflammatory cytokines. COVID-19 interaction with the cardiovascular system on different levels, rising death percent in people underlying cardiovascular state provoking myocardial injury. Respiratory infection varying from mild cold to the severe illness like as Middle East Respiratory Syndrome and Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome the most important coronavirus (COVID-19) complications, however individuals with asymptomatic disease were also suspected of possible infectious transmission, which further adds to the uncertainty of the dynamic of disease transmission in COVID-19 infections, Suppression of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE2) expression by inflammatory cytokines accompanied by the decrease of estrogens and androgens of the elderly, establish a negative correlation between ACE2 expression and mortality in other cases may lead to infertility. Early detection by PCR has aided the identification of the pathogen at an early level. Furthermore, the treatment includes the effectiveness of glucocorticoid drugs (dexamethasone), anti-malaria drug (hydroxychloroquine), azithromycin (antibacterial drug) and favipiravir are all drugs recommended in illness with Covid-19. Remdesivir suppression COVID-19 replication and decreases viral load, alleviates clinical signs and improves pulmonary injury, therefore Remdesivir drug has been used as a compassionate medicine for treating COVID-19 patients.

Fibrosis of the lungs is the final phase of many lung illnesses. Its characterized by excessive matrix production leading to the normal lung architecture destruction and eventually death. CoQ10 is an essential constituent of membrane oxidoreductase System. It is an intracellularly localized antioxidant



enzyme that is endogenously synthesized in humans. CoQ10 protects cellular components from destruction by free radical-induced oxidative damage. candesartan is a selective antagonist of angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1) and is widely employed for treatment of hypertension. Most up to date research shows angiotensin II close involvement with damage and fibrosis process in tissues of organs of circulation.

Objective: This animal study was designed to investigate the effect of Co Q10 and candesartan as antifibrotic agents against pulmonary fibrosis focusing on selected markers involved in pulmonary fibrosis.

Materials and Method: 48 rats divided randomly into four groups, each consisting of 12 male rats. Group I: (Control group), the rats in this group received single injection of 0.2 ml normal saline via intratracheal route. Group II: (The BLM group), received BLM (8.3 U/kg) as a single dose via the intratracheal rout. Group III: (BLM+CoQ10 group) rats receive BLM (8.3 U/kg) as sulfate salt dissolved in 0.1 ml of normal saline via the intratracheal instillation concomitant with 100 mg/kg co Q 10 per day orally for 5 days before and 10 days after BLM injection. Group IV: (BLM+ candesartan group) rats receive BLM (8.3 U/kg) as sulfate salt dissolved in 0.1 ml of normal saline via the intratracheal instillation concomitant with (10 mg/kg) candesartan per day orally for 5 days before and 10 days after BLM injection. The studied serum biomarkers were glutathione, arachidonate 5 lipoxygenase in addition to histopathological examination using trichrome stain.

Results: serum GSH concentration was lower in BLM group in comparison with the control group and the (BLM+ CoQ10) but this difference is not statistically significant. The serum GSH levels showed a significant(P<0.05) elevation in (BLM+ Candesartan) group when compared with the levels in the BLM group. The serum ALOX5 concentration was significantly elevated in BLM group in comparison with the control group (P < 0.05). The serum ALOX5 levels were highly significantly lower in (BLM +CoQ10) (P < 0.01) and very highly significantly lower in the (BLM+ Candesartan) group (P < 0.001) when comparing it with the levels in the BLM group. furthermore, histologically CoQ10 and candesartan showed reduction in the numbers of inflammation cells and a decrease in the damage to the lung architecture and fibrosis induced by bleomycin.

Conclusion: CoQ10 and candesartan decrease pulmonary fibrosis induced by bleomycin in male rats.

Abdominal fat synthesizes a variety of adipokines, including vaspin and chemerin, that affect the resistance to insulin. This research was conducted to demonstrate the effect of pioglitazone, one insulin sensitizer used to decrease insulin resistance, on these adipokines in



obese patients with polycystic ovary (PCOS). Twenty-five obese women with PCOS were treated with pioglitazone 15mg/bid for 12 weeks. Modifications in fasting blood glucose (FBG), serum fasting insulin (FSI), chemerin and vaspin serum levels, follicle stimulation hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), testosterone (T), and in baseline and post-therapy were assessed. Body mass index decreased without any substantial variance after 12 weeks of pioglitazone therapy (P> 0.05). T, FSI, HOMA-IR, LH, and FBG levels have decreased considerably (P≤0.01, P≤0.05) after the therapy. No substantial variations were found in FSH (P>0.05). Serum chemerin and vaspin levels were observed no significant difference than before treatment (P>0.05) in obese women with polycystic ovarian syndrome cases.

Bacterial diseases are an important cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide. The Improper and uncontrolled use of antibiotics contribute to the bacterial resistance to antibiotics.

It is well known that the antibiotics stop bacterial infections by killing or



inhibiting their growth. Antibiotics are interfering with critical functions that are important for bacterial growth. To overcome this, bacteria developed different mechanisms to resist the antibiotics and survive.

Targeting bacterial function without killing them is a promising way to inhibit bacterial infection. Bacterial adherence is a serious step towards infection. Anti –adhesion therapy aims to inhibit bacterial infection via interfering with bacterial attachment without killing them.

This review will cover different strategies in anti-adhesion therapy.

Since ancient times Urtica dioica has been used as an herbal medicine in Western Asia. The current study demonstrates the anti-bacterial effect of N_butanol extraction of Urtica dioica. The antibacterial effect was tested against some of gram-positive bacteria and gram-negative bacteria isolated



from hospitalized patients having urinary tract infection. Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumonia and Pseudomonas aeruginosa was used. Urticasea is a family of plant known for their medicinal activity from folk medicine. Urtica dioica is a member of urticasea and it is known for it is antibacterial effect.

Methods

The leaves of Urtica dioica were collected in Iraq from jisr dayla district in Baghdad province in april 2019.The N_butanol extraction was compared with the drug ciprofloxacin. Disc diffusion method was used to determine the sensitivity of the samples.

Results

The N_ butanol extract shows weak inhibitory effect on Escherichia coli while other strain does not affect by extract comparing with ciprofloxacin.

Conclusion

The N_butanol extract of urtica dioica have weak antibacterial effect when compared with ciproflxacine

Background: Bell’s palsy is unilateral peripheral paralysis of the seventh cranial nerve, several mechanisms have been proposed in the pathogenesis of this disease, among the viral infections specially herpes virus\'s family including roseola viruses that have been detected in patients\' saliva.

Method: A case-control study conducted on Bell’s palsy patients at al-Imamein Al-kadhimein Medical City throughout the period from March 2019 to November 2019. Saliva samples were taken from 50 patients (18-55) years of age with early stages of Bell\'s palsy and from 50 apparently healthy and age and sex matched volunteers as control. Viral DNA was extracted from the saliva and then real time PCR for detection and quantification of HHV6 DNA in these patients

Results: Saliva samples taken from 28 patients in the Bell’s palsy patients (56%) tested positive for HHV6, as vs. to just 8 (16%) in the healthy group(control) (P= 0.028). There was increase amount of HHV6 load in patients compare to control group (p=0.001). Regarding the demographic values, an important difference in the detection rate for Human herpes virus-6 between male (64%) and females (35%) (P= 0.02). There was significant correlation between age and grading (p =0.01), as increase age correlate with high grading, also between viral load of HH6 and grading as increase viral load of the virus correlate with high grading (p = 0.001).

Conclusion: HHV-6 virus might have a potential role in the pathogenesis of Bell’s palsy.

Among many therapeutic treatments for cancer, nano-carriers are the focus of our review to illustrate the update usage of this drug delivery approach, the most likely side effects and the reality of their potential application with minimum adverse effects. Here, we demonstrate the types of these nano-carriers based on

their nature with detailed recent studies about their use. The variation in the skeleton of these nanoparticles enable the selection of the suitable type with higher specifications than others. However, the poor in vivo testing is the main stumbling block for completion of their manufacturing. This review will help the researchers to find the road map for further investigation to finally aid the pharmaceutical companies in manufacturing these nano-carriers in appropriate dosage forms to save the life of millions of people in the world.