Al Mustansiriyah Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences

Acute liver disease is characterized by loss of liver function within days or weeks however, in the patient who is not previously diagnosed, its less common compared with chronic liver failure, which developed slowly and irreversible process. It’s caused by



drug-induced liver damage (DILI) therefore identifying liver injury is challenging for clinical treatment and diagnosis. The major causes of liver failure involve toxic metabolites of some medications that consumed Adenosine Tri Phosphate (ATP) compared with normal conditions and increased oxidative stress due to overexpression of MicroRNAs, it is necessary to do complete diagnosis of patients. Biomarker parameters can be utilized to validate liver damage like microRNAs (miRNAs) analysis, it is a more receptive marker because increased earlier than the transaminases enzymes allowing for a more accurate diagnosis. we summarized recent signs of progress disease concerning the role of miRNA as a novel DILI biomarker, the miRNA levels can be measured in plasma, saliva, urine, fetal fluid (amniotic), as well as other materials either in human or animals like mice, rats which significantly elevate during illness, therefore, provide e specific biomarker of hepatoinjury.

Background: Diabetes mellitus is a serious metabolic disorder of multiple etiologies manifested by chronic hyperglycemia. The type 2 diabetes mellitus is characterized as multifactorial genetic syndrome, induced by mutations of different genes



and environmental factors. Circulating homocysteine, a non- essential amino acid containing sulfur, is a broad biochemical marker for health/disease status diagnostics. The aim of our study is to evaluate circulating serum homocysteine levels in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients.

Method: A cohort of 197 individuals randomly identified for this study. Of those, 148 individuals were diagnosed by consultants as type 2 diabetes mellitus and the rest 49 volunteer were normal controls group. In clinical chemistry laboratory, serum samples were analyzed for serum homocysteine, fasting blood sugar, glycated hemoglobin, serum creatinine, blood urea, blood urea nitrogen and lipid profile.

Results: There was a significant difference in the HbA1c and sugar level between type 2 diabetes mellitus patients and control group. There was non-significant (P-value=0.32), the serum level of homocysteine was (13.6 ± 4.8, 12.5 ± 5.0 and 12.7 ± 6.2) in T2DM glycemic (controlled, poorly controlled and un controlled), respectively and (11.4 ± 4.8) in control group.

Conclusions: Serum level of homocysteine was not differed significantly in type 2 diabetes mellitus when compared with control group. According to ages of T2DM and control group, there was no significant difference in serum level of homocysteine. There was significant difference between male and female in the level of serum homocysteine in glycemic uncontrolled group.

Though chemotherapy is the major strategy to manage patients with advanced-stage colorectal cancer (CRC), the main challenge is the progression of CRC despite using combination of different chemotherapeutic agents. So, to overcome this challenge, a new class

Of therapy was developed naming “Targeted-therapy”. This class of drugs aim to target specific overexpressed or aberrant enzyme, receptor, or gene that have critical role in the growth and survival of colorectal cancerous cells. So that, by using combination of traditional strategy (chemotherapy) and targeted-drug, this will lead to improve survival and prevent the progression of advanced CRC

Because of its capabilities for fast development, potency, secure delivery, and promise for cost effective manufacture, mRNA vaccines are a promising vaccination technique. Many recent research has suggested that mRNA vaccines could be effective intreating a wide range of tumor and viral disorders where standard vaccine techniques have failed to stimulate protective immune responses. The inefficient and unstable in vivo distribution of mRNA has limited their application. Direct electroporation of mRNA vaccines into dendritic cells induced the generation of protective antibodies capable of destroying infected or transformed cells and inducing polyclonal CD8+ and CD4+ that mediated Ag specific T cell responses. in this review mRNA vaccines in detail were examined, as well as future objectives and challenges in the prevention of infectious diseases

oleifera L., a Moringaceae family is fast-growing tree. M. oleifera's dried leaves are Characterized with high in phenolic compounds. phenolic compounds have anti-cancer, anti-microbial, anti-inflammatory, anti-allergic and antioxidant activities.
Therefore, The current study involved isolation Cryptochlorogenic acid by preparative TLC from M.oleifera leaves grown in Iraq, and study its cytotoxicity effect against a breast cancer cell line (MCF7) using the MTT cell viability assay, and comparing it to a standard anticancer drug (Tamoxifen). The isolated Cryptochlorogenic acid was cytotoxic to the MCF7 cell line, with an IC50 of 20.8M.

New tetrahydrocarbazole derivatives substituted at the heteroatom (N) by non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAIDs) were synthesized by reaction of cyclohehexanon (C.H.N.) with phenyl hydrazine (P.H.Z.) to form tetrahydrocarbazole (THCZ), where the latter is reacted with NSAID (Ketoprofen) via amide bond to yield

substituted THCZ, compounds chemical structures were verified by: 1H, 13C NMR and FTIR spectroscopy.

Antifungal activity of the synthesized compounds was investigated by docking study and in vitro test to reveal good antifungal activity, but the in vitro test also showed that the compounds have weak to moderate antibacterial activity.