Al Mustansiriyah Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences

This study was designed to evaluate the effect of radiation therapy on the oxidative
stress, biochemical and hematological parameters in women with breast cancer. 95 women
were studied, 20 healthy control women and 75 had breast cancer.
Malondialdehyde and glutathione (in erythrocytes and plasma), biochemical
parameters (total plasma proteins, plasma albumin, uric acid and plasma calcium) levels, and
hematological parameters (hemoglobin, white blood cell counts, platelets counts) all
parameters were measured pre-and post radiation therapy for 4 weeks.
The result of this study indicates that the incorporation of radiationtherapy as a way to
destroy malignant cells, in addition to their therapeutic benefits, it may lead to further increase
in the oxidative stress burden of cancer, manifested by increase in MDA production and
glutathione depletion. Which may affect directly or indirectly some biochemical and
hematological parameters as indicated by lowering plasma protein especially albumin,
increases in plasma calcium level, and decreases in hemoglobin, white blood cells, and
platelets levels.
These changes should be considered during radiation therapy and before
administration of anticancer drugs or any other drugs because it may affect both the beneficial
as well as the toxicity of these drugs.
Key words: radiation therapy, breast cancer, oxidative stress parameters, total plasma
proteins, plasma albumin, uric acid, plasma calcium, hemoglobin, white blood cell counts,
and platelets counts

For the first time globally, the studying of usinghot water extract of Cichorium
intybus (chicory)as a new culture medium for fungi and yeast growthwas done.It used for
cultivation of: Aspergillus niger ,Aspergillus terreus,Fusarium graminearumandCandida
albicans.
The present study clearly showes the possibilityof using the chicory roots extract agar
medium as a new culture medium for molds and yeasts.
The results showed avariation in the growth of fungi on chicory roots extracts agar
medium compared with potato dextrose agar medium (PDA) incolony growth diameter mean
,colony color,sporulation and producing of different color dyes.
The sporulation forAspergillus nigerandAspergillus terreuswas heavy on chicory
roots extract agar medium compared with PDA medium.
Inaddition,the prepared medium will be usefull for fungal toxomony,forAspergillus
terreusandFusariun graminearum,dark yellow pigment ofAspergillus terreuson chicory
medium while it was yellow pigment on PDA.Fusarium gramiearumproduce purple color
pigment on chicory medium while it was pink pigment on PDA,also chicorymedium was
good medium for cultivation ofCandida albicanswithout producingpigments.
KeyWords:Chicory roots,hot water extract,fungi,yeast.

The aim of this study was to investigate antibacterial activities and disruption of biofilm
structure by zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NP).Pseudomonas aeruginosawas chosen as an
indicator of pathogenic because itsnatural resistance to antibiotics and its ability to form
biofilm on surfaces makes the cells impervious to therapeutic concentrations.
Twentyone isolate were taken from patients suffering fromdiabetic foot ulcer grads2
infections who attended from AL-Kindy Teaching Hospital in Iraq. Different concentrations
of zinc oxide(NP)had been used(25-20000)µg/ml.
The results showed that the high concentrations (500-20000)µg /ml were lethal to
bacteria also the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and sub (MIC) of zinc oxide np
wasdeterminedin this study.Some of the isolates were inhibit in concentration100 µg/ml
and othersinhibit in concentration75 µg/ml and according to these result the sub–MIC were
75 µg/ml to some isolates and50 µg/ml to others, these concentration were inhibitor biofilm
production.
Our study indicates that zinc oxide nanoparticles could potentiallybe an antibacterial
reagent to treat diseases caused by bacteria.
Keywords:Zinc oxide nanoparticle(NP), biofilm distribution, pseudomonas biofilm.

Blood glucose monitoring is a wayused fortesting the concentration of glucose in the
blood (glycemia). Practically important to measurethe levels of blood glucosein the care of
diabetes mellituspatients.Ablood glucose test is performed by piercing the skin (typically on
the finger) to draw blood, then applying the blood to a chemically active disposable "test
stripe".
The main idea for the design of the circuit is by using a variable capacitor consist of
two passive terminal or plates and by changing the density of the insulator between the two
plates of the capacitor. Thechangingincapacitanceresultsof the capacitorwhich is a part of
a (frequency generatorcircuit) for that the output frequency of the circuit will be change, and
if we usedthat frequencyas an input to counter circuit we can read out the concentration of
the glucose in the sample and then we display the result on a LCD monitor. The present study
includes a comparison between the present system and the conventional glucose serums
measurement systems, and the result approximately the same.

The formulationsof Dimetindene Maleateas capsule,drop and geland theirmethodsof
analysisare still unavailableininternationalPharmacopeia. In this workion-pairreversed-phase
HPLC method was developedfor thedetermination ofDimetindeneMaleateinitsdosage forms,
which can be usedfor the assay ofcapsule ortablet,dropand gel.
The separation ofDimetindene Maleatewas performed inabout10minutes with high
efficiency using ODS column25cm and a mobile phase consists of methanol40 %in distilled
water containing0.02%1-heptane sulfonate andadjusted with sulfuric acid to pH(3.5).The
linearityof this HPLC method was proved and a straight line relationship was obtained
between the peak areas and the different concentrations of Dimetindene Maleate standard
solutionin the range (1-8)µg/ml with confidence limitof0.998 and the RSDwas not more than
1.2%. In addition, this method was found to be suitable for stability studyof dimetindene
preparationsand for dissolution test of capsules and tablets of dimetindene as well.
Keyword:Dimetindene Maleate,HPLC

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory polyarthritic disease associated
with remissions and exacerbations and characteristic genetic, clinical, pathological, and
immunological features. The present study was designed to examine the evidence linking
Proteus mirabilis to RA in some Iraqi patients. The study was carried out on 70 Iraqi RA
patients, during the period from March 2010 to March 2011. For purposes of comparison, 10
of Systemic Lupus Erythematousus (SLE) patients and 10 of apparently healthy subjects were
involved as a control groups. After bacterial isolation and identification, Enzyme linked
Immuno sorbent Assay (ELISA) technique has been applied for estimation of antibacterial
antibodies.
Results of this study revealed that out of 70 urine samples of RA patients, E.coli was
present in 12.9%, followed by P. mirabilis which present in 7.1%. Regarding SLE and
healthy control group, urine samples were negative from any bacterial strains except E. coli,
which present in about 10% of each group. Frequency of Proteus mirabilis in RA group was
highly significant when compared with that of other groups (p<0.01). All rheumatoid arthritis
patients and control groups were tested by ELISA technique for detection of IgM, IgG and
IgA antibodies specific to Proteus mirabilis. Results demonstrated that the levels of these
antibodies were elevated in the sera of RA patients with a high significant degree, in
comparison with control groups (p<0.01). The same sera were tested for anti- E. coli
antibodies and the results showed that there was no significant difference in the IgM and IgG
antibodies level to E. coli in RA patients when compared with control groups (p>0.05).
In conclusion, these findings suggested a possible association between infection with
Proteus mirabilis and rheumatoid arthritis. The elevated levels of Proteus mirabilis antibodies
within RA sera could be helpful in the identification of those patients during early stages of
the disease.
Key words: Rheumatoid arthritis, Proteus mirabilis.

High performance liquid chromatographyReversed–phase (Rp-HPLC)was used to
estimate noradrenaline (NA), adrenaline (AD) and dopamine (DA) in the femaleplasma blood
samples of normal volunteer\'s and Parkinson\'s patients before and after treatment with
levodopa drug.Optimal conditionbased on ion-pairinghas beenperformedto measure NA,
ADand DA on ODS-DB column using50 mM phosphate buffer mixed with0.5 mM of1
octane sulphonic acid: acetonitrile (95:5) at pH= 4.5 and monitored by UV-Visible
spectrophotometer at280 nm.
The chromatographic linearity appears to be linear in the range0.5-10.0ppm. The
results show that the plasma concentration levels of NA, AD and DA in female normal
volunteers were(236(64)),(265(84))and(692(165))ng/mL,respectively,whereas the plasma
concentration levels of NA, AD and DA in female Parkinson\'s patients were (277(41)),
(175(32))and(127(42))ng/mL before treatment with Levodopa drug using general dose of
100 mg/day.After treatment the plasma,the concentration levels become(277(37)),(214(45))
and359(83))ng/mL, respectively.Probably, thisstudyhas revealed that thenon-enzymatic
oxidation of NAin addition to DA, promotes a toxic effect by causing aninactivation of the
vesicular H+-ATPase.
Key Words: Noradrenaline, adrenaline, dopamine, ion-pairing, biochemical diagnosis, low
detection limit.

Losartan is highly effective blood pressure lowering agentwhodirectly works by
selectively blocking angiotensin-I (AT-I) receptor. It is primarily metabolized in active form,
losartan carboxylic acid. A sensitive and selective HPLC method was developed for
determination of losartan and losartan carboxylic acid in human plasma was developed and
validated.The drug and itsmetabolite were extracted from plasma by liquid-liquid extraction
with t-Methyl butyl ether.
Valsartan was used as internal standard. A Waters Associates Inc. (Milford, MA,
USA) Liquid chromatographywas used to complete this study. The analytical apparatus
consisted of a600 quaternary pump and a fluorescence detector.Samples were applied to a
repacked5µm,250 x4.6 mm CN column using autosampler.Flow rate of1.25 ml/min was
found to give adequate resolution.Separations were performed at35ºC and monitored at an
excitation wavelength of250nm and an emission wavelength of370nm.Mobile phase was
prepared by mixing 0.015M phosphoric acid (pH2.3): acetonitrile in a ratio of 72:28.
Linearity was established for the range of concentrations2–300 ng/ml and3–375 ng/ml for
losartan and metabolite respectively. The lower limit of quantitation (LLOQ) was identifiable
and reproducible at 2ng/ml witha precision of3.28%and at 3ng/ml with a precision of
2.59% for the drug and metabolite respectively.
The inter batch,between days precision at3 ng/ml level was found to be8.07% for
losartan.The inter batch,between days precision at5 ng/ml level was found to be4% for the
metabolite. The precision and accuracy were established at low, medium and high
concentration levels. The results were within the accepted limits.The analysis method was
found to be sensitive, accurate, and precise for the quantification of losartan andits metabolite
in human plasma. It was applied successfully, for pharmacokinetics studies.
Key words:Losartan, HPLC, Human plasma, Losartan carboxylic acid.

Resistin is a novel adipocyte-secreted hormone proposed to link obesity with diabetes
in mice and may play a similar role in human. The aim of our study was to examine the
relationship of serum resistin level to insulin resistance, and related parameters. Also to
evaluate the effect of metformin &/or glimepiride on resistin level and glycemic control in
Type2 Diabetes Mellitus(T2DM).
This is an open-label, randomized study carried out on50 newly diagnosed type2
diabetic patients and20 healthy subjects.Patients were randomly divided into three groups
and assigned for treatment with either metforminor glimepiride or both for12 weeks.The
comparisons were conducted between pre-and post-treatment for fasting serum glucose
(FSG), glycocylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), fasting serum insulin (FSI), insulin resistance (IR),
body mass index (BMI) and serum resistin level.
At week12,FSG,HbA1cand IR were significantly decreased in all groups. Resistin
level decreasedonly in glimepiride group. Serum insulin levels show no significant change.
Metformin significantly decreased while glimepiride significantly increased BMI. In our
study serumresistin level did not correlate with markers of adiposity or diabetes.
Circulating resistin is unlikely to play a major role in obesity, insulin resistance, or energy
homeostasis in human and only glimepiride monotherapy showed an effect on resistin level
after3 months of treatment.

Recurrent respiratory tract infections are responsible for about85% of all diseases in
childhood, and are associated with significant morbidity and mortality. The aim of this study
is to evaluate the main causes underlying recurrent respiratory tract infections in176 pediatric
patients aged2 month to4 year and weight from4 to11 kg referred tothe child center hospital
and Al-sader hospital prospective study.
All parents were given information sheet which then analyzed and the percentage of
incidence of causes were recorded, we found that higher % related to many causes; mostly
related to the parent like poor family education, mother carelessness, incomplete vaccination,
other related to empirical diagnosis, and short course of treatment and type of antibiotic used.
We conclud that the burden of respiratory tract infections in paediatrics is extremely high.
Due to adequate diagnosis and causative therapies of these often recurrent respiratory tract
infections bear substantial limits, preventive measures deserve priority.The mainstays are
parent education, active immunizations strategies and nonspecific immunostimulation with
bacterial products.
Key words:Recurrent respiratory tract infections, pediatric patients

Complexes with some metal ions (Al3+, Cu2+, Ag+) with some polymers were
prepared. The new complexes were studied by Ultraviolet Visible and (FTIR)
spectrophotometer. The distinguish bands of synthetic complexes were characterized. The
complexes use topically. They be divided into broad categories based on their usual action or
use .The result shows they are protective, antimicrobial and a stringent compounds of silver
complex is more than others. Some of the agents have uses extending beyond the limits of
specific category. It also be noted that they are overlap between categories. The uses depend
on the area of application, the concentration of the complex and the solubility.
Key words: polymer-metal complexes, antimicrobial, topical agent

Staphylococcus aureus is one of the most important bacteria that cause food poisoning
and disease in humans and herds. Milk and milk products are important part of the human diet
also support the growth of pathogenic organisms.The present study was aimedto determinethe
prevalence of coagulase positiveStaphylococcus aureus in differentkinds of dairy products of
Ahvaz Province.
460 dairy product samples randomly were collected fromAhvaz Province. The samples
were analyzed for the presence ofS. aureus.Positive samples screened by microbiological tests.
DNA extracted from all isolates and the PCR carried out using specific primers forS. aureus.
The results indicated that 127 (27.61%) of dairy samples were contaminated by
Staphylococcus aureus(curd24.5%,dough19%,butter andcream14.5%,yogurt12.5%,cheese
10%,milk5%).
High prevalence ofStaphylococcus aureuscontamination in milk and milk products of
Ahvaz suggests that more control measures should be applied during dairy production. The
obtained results are useful for designing strategic plans of prevention and control program against
Staph. aureusin dairy ecosystem.
Keyword: Staphylococcus aureus, dairy products, Culture, PCR.

To describe changes in the presentation, examination of the chest in patients with
diaphragmatic rupture, was reviewed to identify the difficulty in the diagnosis and treatment
of this injury. Between April 2006-and December 2012, 38-patients with traumatic
diaphragmatic rupture were treated, and analyzed demographic data , cause of injury, extent
and location of the diaphragmatic lesion with herniated organs, were described the clinical
presentation.
Retrospective study of38-cases,36-male,2-female,37 cases left side,one case right
side.Main cause was penetrating injury35-cases, blast injury(12), gunshot (16), stab(7).
Blunt injury3-cases, road traffic accident (2),post-operativedamage and tear the diaphragm
(1)case.Average age33-year,range(4-65years old).The diagnosis made by C-XR,C-T Scan,
MRI,were grade of injury II-IV most common, associated injury stomach, spleen, bowel,
kidney, retroperitoneal hematoma, liver. Repair through laparotomy and thoracotomy. Chest
pain abdominal painshock wasthe main presentation.
The study showed the suspicion beside the radiological C-XR, C-T Scan are very
useful in initial diagnostic approach to traumatic diaphragmatic rupture. The difficulty is that
diaphragmatic injuries particularly after penetrating trauma may initially go unnoticed and
without changes in the C-XR Images diagnosis is made difficult. Early diagnosed, treatment
reducesintra and postoperative morbidity and mortality.
Key words:Diaphragmatic rupture,Repair,Radiology,Trauma,Laparotomy,Thoracotomy.

This study investigated the types of phytosterols that exists in the aerial and root parts of
Echinops heterophyllus and explored the antibacterial effect of these phytosterols against some
pathogenic bacteria in comparison with Moist Exposed Wound Ointment (MEBO®) and
gentamicin.Plant was extracted and phytosterols were isolated and purified from the crude
extract of Echinops heterophyllus by using chemical method. Thin Layer Chromatography
(TLC) detected the presence of steroids in the aerial and roots part and gas chromatography
mass spectrophotometer GC/MS analysis was used to identify some of these compounds and
among them were beta-sitosterol and stigmasterol. Standard dilutions of the phytosterols
isolated from Echinops heterophyllus were made from 10-100%; its antibacterial effect had been
examined by seeded agar method against Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
The effect of these phytosetrols against Staphylococcus aureus was more potent than against
Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was seventy mg/ml and the minimum
bactericidal concentration (MBC) was eighty five mg/ml. This study illustrates that sitosterol
isolated from Echinops heterophyllus has a greater inhibitory effect on the test bacteria than
gentamicine and closer results to MEBO®. It can be concluded in this study is a good step to
show the types of phytosterols isolated from Echinops heterophyllus and the antibacterial effect
of these phytosterols in vitro against Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
Key Words: Echinops heterophyllus, Phytosterols and antibacterial agent.

Urinary tract infections (UTIs) is one of the most common infectious diseases, due to
presence of bacteria in urine together with symptoms, and sometimes signs, of inflammation
like frequent micturation, dysuria, pyuria, nucturia, fever, and haematuria,most commonly
occurring in women.Antimicrobial agents are among the most frequently prescribed drugs for
UTIS, in other hand the high consumption of often inappropriately prescribed antibiotics
combined with crowding, multiple pathology and frequent uses of invasive devices are the
major factors contributing to high level resistance.
This retrospective study was designed to evaluate the prevalence of microorganisms in
UTIs and the pattern of antimicrobial utilization and their susceptibility also the risk of
difference in sex on UTIs in Basra, Iraq.
The study was conducted at the urology wards in Al-Basra General Hospital, Al
Fayhaa General Hospital, Alsader Teaching Hospital and Al-Mowani General Hospital in
Basra, Iraq, where the data collected after getting approval from the institutional ethical
committee.Ninetypatients were included and accepted. The sensitivity results from the files
were further confirmed by reviewing the hospital laboratory archives.
This study showed a high prevalence of UTIs in female compared to male. Among the
culture positive, patients hadE.coli (higher percent)and remaining hadPseudomonas Spp.,
Proteus Spp., Klebsiella Spp, Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus Spp. infections.
Regarding antibiotic sensitivity pattern, the pathogens showed more sensitivity to imipenem
followed by amikacin and less frequency to ciprofloxacin, nitrofurantoin and amoxiclave,
while the lowest sensitivity were shown in co-trimoxazole and cefotaxime.
In conclusionE.coli is the most important cause of UTIs in Basra, Iraq with high
prevalence ratio in females. Imipenem and amikacin are the first line drugs irrespective of the
causative agent for UTIs.,while cefotaxime and co-trimoxazole resistance are very high.
KeyWorde:Urinary tract infections (UTIs), Antibiotics, Resistance.

Chronic periodontitis is an inflammatory disease that extends into the tissues
supporting the teeth. Recent studieshave demonstrated that various human herpes viruses
especially human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) may play a part in the pathogenesis of human
chronic periodontitis. The aim of this study is to detect HCMV DNA in saliva of chronic
periodontitis patients by real time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test,measure its copy
numberand findits relation with severity of the disease. The study sample consisted of fifty
three chronic periodontitis patients of both genders (27 males and26 females)with ages
ranged from25 to45 years and all the selected patients have not any systemic diseases.
Periodontal parameters used in this study were [plaque index (PLI), gingival index
(GI), bleeding on probing (BOP), probing pocket depth (PPD) and clinical attachment level
(CAL)]. Unstimulated saliva samples were collected from all subjects and examined by real
time PCR test for HCMV DNA detection. The results of this study observed that the
percentage of study group who were positive for HCMV DNA was (22.6%).The present
study observed that there was no relation between PLI and GI with HCMV DNA salivary
level. Concerning BOP and PPD there was no relation found between BOP and PPD with
HCMV DNA level. For CAL there was a significant relation found between CAL and HCMV
DNA level.
Key words: Chronic periodontitis, Real time PCR, Copy number of HCMV.