ADAB AL-BASRAH

In this poem, Aljawahry goes on describing that lady and addressing her with these tender ways and graceful language, a language that reveals the beauty of exposition, the proper selection of invisible meanings and witty images in order to portray this scene which is full of agitated passions and kindled feelings.
His poetry embodies a distinctive glowing tone, density, cohesion and strong rhyming rhythm.
In this description, Aljawahry made full use of different linguistic devices to touch the receiver's heart and effect him, for instance, he utilizes the paradox resulted from the use of antonyms that surprise the reader and amaze him with its strangeness. He also ventured to step over the traditions to face the beloved in such directness of sarcastic criticism and humiliated submission hence he helds this discourse in the form of a dialog between (I - poet ) and ( you – addressee ) to draw for each an imagery which he adopts throughout two extremes : the poor lover and the cunning beloved.

In Optimality Theory terms, language learnability means learning the constraint ranking scheme. During the learning process different grammars are constructed by learners in an attempt to bring their final grammar, i.e. constraint ranking, in agreement with that of an adult native speaker. Differences among such grammars are due to domination relations holding among the interacting constraints. These relations can be changed by learners by means of two reranking strategies, namely: Constraint Demotion and the Gradual Learning Algorithm. Using the first strategy, learners are able to demote, that is move, violated constraints reflecting their wrong (produced) forms downward the constraint hierarchy. On the other hand, the second strategy allows learners to demote violated constraints downward the constraint hierarchy and promote less violated ones upward the hierarchy at the same time. The main difference between these two strategies is that for Constraint Demotion the constraint hierarchy is linear and ordinal whereas for the Gradual Learning Algorithm it is continuous. These two learning reranking strategies can be used by Iraqi learners of English at the university level in their attempt to bring forms they produce in agreement with the ones they correctly comprehend.

This research work interest with discus the phenomenon the self in poem AL-Mutlamis , but this talk doesn't connect with vocative particle however the poet use the imagery talk making dialogue with another person (the she- camel).
In this poem the poet describe pain of loneliness and to homesickness to (Iraq) and his wound staying fifteen years _it's time of deportation_ open then he emit the last breath when he was in fatigue meeting his family in Iraq.
In this opining the poet tend to talk to his tribe caller and amazed what their state come to be.
And we don't be amazed in this unusual opining in ignorant poetry because the poet prefer out of society after he suffer from (loneliness) and prefer out of art custom that similar in current introduction in ignorant poetry.
After this opining the poet tend in his art to his she camel and hold talks considering type of contrivance un human personality and put it in new human domains, that the poet glory's made him be masked in this art mask in spite of the two voices: voice of brain and voice of emotion chanting in his self.
In the beginning of the part we found double oppositeness from division the second person pronouns that back to the she- camel from the talker pronouns that back to the poet.
After that the poet reach to the merger degree with the she-camel so that the two ego appear in it as one ego and one feeling no difference between them.
We can found in this text so many art element to carry symbolism meanings like: the night, Canopus ( suheil stare ), prisoner, the sunrise ………….. etc.
In the end of poem the ego appear again threatened and proud of it's grandfather to have the power from them that consolidate in it the feeling in belonging that might possibly weaken in front of homesickness feeling and in that the poet succeed in his show to his subject from ( the another) so he out it from the individuality space to the wide human space and from direct expression from symbolism expression.

The study deals with tense shift in Quranic translation into English: The term “ Quranic Translation” is used instead of the translation of Quran because the former is a general term and the study involves three Quranic translations .The glorious Quran specifically, Part 30 has been chosen as the data because of the availability of various authentic translations of its, the concentration is on the form specifically not meaning. For practical reasons, the study is going to cover Part 30 only.

The study begins with a review of the tenses in English and Arabic, focusing on the present and the past tenses in particular. Moreover, it gives a detailed description of the term "translation shifts" as first initiated by Catford. Besides, the two types of translation shifts have been shed light on, namely, level shifts , and category shifts .In addition, the subtypes of each level of shift have been exposed .The study surveys three translations: Ali's, Shakir's, and Pickthall's.

The citations include only those verses that contain shifts. It has been found out that the translation of Shakir contains more shifts in tenses than the other two translations . It is worth mentioning that the researcher does not evaluate the translators ;rather, it shows the shifts .Four types of tense shifts have been realized in this sample, namely, from past to present , from present to past , from past to future forms, and from present to future forms .The study ends with some conclusions .

When Sultan Qabos received the governance in Oman on the 23 rd of Jully 1970, the relation between Oman and the Soviet union did not get better even Sultan Qabos adopted new foreign policy that based on opening to the outside world and non– interference in the internal affairs of other countries. Then the Soviet union reaction on receiving Qabos the governance was different to wards similar situations occurred in the region. The Soviet union condemned the coup and described Qabos as a British doll and his reforms were false so it did not try to make relations with the new government although Oman entered the non– Aligned Movement on the 5th of Although the Soviet union continued supporting Dhofar rebels, the first contact was set up between Oman and the Soviet union in November1975especially when some rebels fell in an ambush of Omani troop .
The Soviet union hostile attitude towards Sultanate continued till the end of Dhofar revolution and it imaged Omani forces vitctory as a victory for western policy in the reign .
From its side , Oman convicted the intervention of the Soviet union in Afganistan in December 1979 and considered it as a threat to the Oil wells resources and the ways of transporting it through Hormuz strait.
The nature of the prevailing conditions did not help to make Omani and the Soviet views closer till the 26th of septemper 1958 when Oman made good diplomatic relations with the Soviet union and then the ambassadors exchanging happened at the end of May 1986 .

Before the prophet Mohamed's message, the scene of darkness extended over the east and west after the peoples distancing from the divine laws and instructions. It is of God's kindness to send his last messenger in the earth –though he was first created from Adam's and Evils lightness of mud and water – to distribute mercy and justice all over the earth and to bring back what people had neglected behind their backs for years so as to replace darkness by lightness.This lightness stems from the prophet Mohammad's (peace be upon him and his family) message represented in the Holy Qura'n. The Holy Qura'n is the low of the civilized people because it reviews a lot of ancient stories as well as anticipates what well happen in future due to the fact that Islamic laws are found to take into consideration time and place and they also agree with all the ideas and doctrines which profit human beings and do not disagree with God's instructions.
Although these interests might some times be individual or collective, and to implement justice ,there are certain rules (found in the Holy Qura'n) which regulate the individual's rights and obligations in his life and even when he dies till Doom's day. Because these interests might be agreed or disagreed on the researcher collects a number of narratives which date back before and after the prophet Mohammed's (peace be upon him) death between (11 -40AH) which show the different political stands of the prophet's companions concerning the caliphate and the governing system . moreover the researcher cites a number of verses from the Holy Qura'n and from the prophet's sayings to enforce the argument and the overall profit

Research is a question in the religious thought in ancient Iraq , the old did not take shape texts cuneiform entirety, and many of these religious texts in cuneiform (oriental) have been translated writers and perhaps the West is far from the true concept of monotheism, so was the language of these translations are purely static and literal.
We find in the character of Nebuchadnezzar, one of the kings of the Chaldeans, the last dynasty ruled in the old Iraq, the features of oneness in worship, this may seem evident from the questioning text cuneiform religious and read the same east as well as the Biblical text (after criticism) and the text of the Holy Qur'an which refers to the monotheism in bondage of Nebuchadnezzar.
With regard to the text, there cuneiform inscription on the stone cylinder recorded by the acts of King Nebuchadnezzar, the king himself spokesman for the event and came in many lines referring to the quality of the worship of the time. These inscriptions have been established writers priests therefore considers that confused many in the type of worship.
The Biblical text, we find in the Book of Jeremiah and Daniel signals and clear reminder that Nebuchadnezzar had the glory of God Almighty, glorify and thank him admitted being the owner of grace in the establishment of his Kingdom. And Nebuchadnezzar is mentioned in the Scriptures as a servant of God Almighty as the travel writer is Daniel the Prophet peace be upon him, was one of their closeness to the people who make the Nebuchadnezzar and the Babylonians, president of the consultants in his era. However, in some lines of text we have discussed the biblical anachronistic mood through historical research.
Qur'anic text which refers to the Nebuchadnezzar who worship God in the one we noted at the Story of which I spoke about corruption, which he does the Israelites and how the Almighty God inflicted upon them some people who humiliated and abused, and these clans agreement most of the commentators are the Babylonians Chaldeans under Nebuchadnezzar what is known as means of capture Babylonian II in 586 BC. m. that in the search discussions about the meaning of slavery and its conformity with the idea of research. However, the research does not try to impose itself in the reality of stress.

The Armenian case represents one of the most remarkable debate between Turkey and Western states. Some states considered what happened to the Armenians as a genocide. Consequently, Turkey should apologize for the Armenians and compensate them legally, but some others justified those operations, taken against the Armenians, considering them as self-defiance against disobedients .So , the situation of tension between the two parties continued. Taking into account all the above, this study tries to identify the main causes of this case since it hypothesizes that such a case is a crisis resulted from the Armenians' attempt to regain their rights but the Ottoman government considered that attempt, being urged by the Europeans, as measure that threatens stability. As a result of the strategic location of the Ottoman state and the unique importance of the Armenian territories, the European states paid too much attention to the said case. In conclusion, Britain strongly supported the Armenians especially during the period in question.
On the one hand, this period represented the early indications of the European concern of this crisis where this particular period was the very a critical one in the whole history of the Ottoman state. On the other hand, the Armenians thought that Britain had good intentions towards them, but they lately discovered that Britain tried only to get some political interests. When Britain knew that the European states would never allow it to carry out its projects easily, it decided to change its polices and turn attention to Egypt.

What is meant by Soil erodability by wind is the quantity of dust that may be annually carried from earth surface. It can be considered as a measure of the intensity of soil erosion. In Wassit governorate, however, the ratio differs from one place to another. This is affributable to the content of the surface layer. Erosion – resistant groups which are more than one millimeter in diameter have reached 0,82 ton/hectare/year in the surface layer in Al Azizia district.
As regards, sand mounds in Sheikh Sa'ad and Numania have no soil dust, and the groups 81,65 ton/hectare/year. This indicates that the surface layer of the soil in Wassit is exposed to wind erosion at different degrees which have ecological and economic consequences. This involves the necessary measures to be taken to combat soil erosion by wind.

The present study aimed at analyzing of noise pollution as an one type of environmental pollution ; by means of exploring its causes, effects, measuring techniques, and controls.
The noise pollution has serious impacts on exposed person representing many physiological and psychological damages such as deafness.
This study concluded that noise levels in Basra city is very high, exceeding 68 dBA Standard. Its ranged from moderately loud to painful levels in some selected sites.Thus,it recommended to carrying more detailed field surveys on noise pollution, and applying the control measures.

Recently there have been many inquiries about the effects of the radiation issuing from the mobile- phone towers on the health of people living in the places surrounding them . thus , the present study is attempting to give answers to those inquiries by finding out the effects of the electromagnetic waves issuing from these towers on human`s health , Although there are many studies trying to prove this effect , no critical study has been a chieved yet in this respect . there are opinions asserting that those towers have danger the human`s health , On the other hand ,there are attitudes that show the obsence of scientific evidence that proves the harm which this technology causes .
The present study is based on the following steps ;
1- Setting the aim of the study by showing the effect of the towers on the spread or the increase of the severity of some diseases which the scientific studies have found out their relationship with the electromagnetic waves such as cancer diseases , heart beat disorder , abortion , birth defects ,the effects on the nervous , system causing headache ,depression ,and epilepsy
2- The research is based on a fieldwork study by specifying the area of the study in two living quarters. The first is characterized by the existence of large number of cell-phone towers in spite of the smallnumber of population in comparison to another living quarter of large population density but of little distribution of such towers
The results are as follows :
After distributing the questionaire among the families living around the towers and those living far away from them , the sample showd essential relations between the distance from the tower and some diseases in both living quarters such epilepsy , depression , abortion , and cancer diseases

The research aims to use the thematic maps and quantitative thematic maps to learn the pattern of quantity and efficiency of health centers in Basrah. It also contains a set of maps of relevant variables that gives a full shape of the map and substantive role in the substantive analysis of quantitative data. The importance of this research is through the selection of cartographic representation and analysis of quantitative geographical research generally and health centers particularly.

The research hypothesis based on the idea that its possible to measure and analyze the pattern and efficiency of health services if properly adopted the map representation cartography quantitative addition to the chart. It also includes; research methodology and hypothesis, the concept of thematic map, rating thematic maps and its importance, the problems of mapping, scale, and statistical analysis of characteristics of health services.

The main purpose of this research is:
- The pattern of distribution of health centers as administrative units in the province.
- Realizing the efficiency of the relationship between medical staff and health and population by administrative units.
- Show the extent of homogeneity in the distribution of health centers.

It have found out a set of results demonstrated the importance of the map in assessing the level of the health services and their role in presenting the image of the spatial distribution of phenomena and their relationship with each other. The usage of the map-scale is drawing preferably high in these studies because they are more detailed and the best solution.
There is a clear difference between expected and actual distribution of health centers in Basrah province and found that the pattern of the distribution centers tends to be a tight pattern that is characterized by indiscriminate and distances between points are not regularly.
There is a strong relationship between the population's size and number of the workforce in the health centers as it reached the value of the correlation coefficient between them to 0,97. Finally, there have been used a set of symbols and means of representation of cartographic representation as applied to the way points in the map.

A study of water needs of crops crucial, especially in arid and semi-arid with limited water resources, as is the case in the Zubayr area, they help determine the amount of irrigation water and space that can be irrigated and are helping to choose the method of irrigation problem in those areas to reduce Losses water use rationality sources of water available which is why this study aims to analyze factors affecting the water needs of the crop tomatoes in Zubair and quantify those needs through the stages of crop growth and compare it with the installation of water effective and determine the method of irrigation best that consume the least amount of irrigation water.
The study found that there are a variety of factors affect the water needs of the crop tomatoes in the study area was climatic conditions characterized by low rainfall and high temperatures and the intensity of evaporation, which resulted in increasing demand for water theory as well as the nature of the soil Zubair with tissue coarse and high permeability, which contributed Losses increase in water through leakage and deep valley and thereby increase the total water needs of the crop.
The length of the growing season and harvest tomatoes, which takes (273) days clear impact on the increasing demand for water is also the method of irrigation saturated significant role in the size of Losses water where the study found that the amount of processing water under a virtually drip irrigation system accounted for the amount (9.8%) than that under the irrigation method Channels and there is a consensus between the needs and requirements of water washing between the theoretical and the actual amount of water for processing tomato crop using drip irrigation method in a while does not agree between them in the case of the use of irrigation method Channels
The study showed further that the water needs of the college (the associated water) to harvest tomatoes during the growing season was (3332.6 cubic meters / acres) and varies from one phase to another depending on the different temperatures, rainfall and the intensity of evaporation and the presence of clouds and the different stages of crop growth.

In this research paper, analysis of levels, trends and patterns of fertility in the areas of marshes was made. The work was based on a questionnaires distributed to households in 2008,where a variety of analytical methods were applied to know the level of fertility and its vulnerability to factors and different variables. The level of fertility in marshlands, also, was compared to those alike on Arabic, regional and global levels, and it was shown that levels of fertility in the area of the study is the highest among those levels, as level of child-bearing reached 8.7 sons per mother.
Goals of research: To know fertility levels in the southern marshes of Iraq, and comparing them locally, globally and with Arab countries as well as recognizing economic, social and cultural factors which mark fertility.
Hypothesis : Is that fertility levels are the highest at the level of the country and that those levels are affected by a bulk of factors and variables.
The research methodology has been relying on the analytical statistical descriptive method to measure fertility levels and its trends.
The research depended on a field study, conducted in 2008 through a questionnaire form distributed in that year to heads of households in the areas of the marshes. The choice of the sample, according to random manner.
1000 of questionnaire forms were distributed, namely 5% of the Marsh people, who are 893487 citizen in total, according to estimates of the year 2007.
The study showed that there is a big correlation between the age of first marriage for women and the level of their own fertility. The sample of questionnaire indicated that 60% of women of the study area had been married at the age of less than 20 years. Also, the study showed the presence of an association and proportionality between levels of fertility and the level of education for parents, in one hand, and between women 's work and the degree of their own fertility in the other hand.

Christianity Formed one of the religions which shaped the community of Basrah city for centuries. It consisted of six denominations: Caldarium, Surrealism (Catholic, Orthodox), Armenian, Arthurian and Evangelical. The size and the growth of this population is led to the sharp changes during the period (1965–2009) as a result to the political and economic facts. These facts have shown the variance in the size of their denominations, growth and geographical distribution in the quarters of the city which left behind imbalance on identity features of the city and its economical activities which this group of population is one of its factors.
This study aims to realize the size and the growth of the Christians in Basrah city during the period (1965–2009) and their geographical distribution on the quarters of the city.
This study concludes that the Christians are varying in their size and growth according to the economical and political situations which the city came through in particular and to Iraq in general. Its size was of (14720) in population (census) which means 4.5% percentage out of the total population (301950) during 1965 which declined to (2173) in population which means 0,25% out of the city population (855318) in 2009. So, the rate of growth reached 2.3% during (1965–2009) which led to the imbalance of the forming of population of the city and its identity which was built on the religions living among the denominations it’s formed of.

University libraries take very effective part in many educational activities and programs throughout what they offer to learners ( whet her they were students ar staff members or researchers) .
They are also important because of the relationship between them and the educational programs and study curricula due to the fact that what university libraries offer would increase the learners' abilities to use the library and to do the scientific research in a correct manner the university library offer different activities which will , in turn, take part in developing the learners' leves these activites involve heldiny symposiums seminars and training sessions . These activities and their crucial role in developing and directing learners to study and research .

Books and libraries , all over the world , are considered to be civil and scintifical facet for they reflect the progress or the failure of the country . They are the means by which the heribage and the civilization rise and the scintifical race may go on . The aim of the search is to present a simple service to the scholars to follow their resources easily.

The Immutable Entities Theory (IET) can be considered as one of the most important constituents principles of existential pyramid in ontology system of speculative Sufism because it has a special role in identifying the existential map of the world. Also, because of its unique rank in self–communications in metaphysics. Besides, IET in one of its considerations represents the images of things and entities in the Divine knowledge before existentialisation. By the decent entities, which are images and consequents of Divine names.

The Gnostics examine such theory from different angles. First, the vision concept which is divided into: linguistic vision, Quranic vision, and Gnostics themselves. Moreover, they distinguish between IET and the philosophical lucidities for the philosopher.

The researcher attempts to investigate the concept of IET by all its nature: considerations, kinds, functions, and its real position on the map of existence. Hence, it is really a study in mystical field. It is decided throughout the philosophical and mystical vision that the making does not tackle these entities so they have no making because it related with external world and how does it multiplicity, they state that these entities cannot be divided and explained more.

IET has its great affects on many of the doctrinal value issues. Throughout the application of such theory consequents upon the sum of doctrinal thought. So, in the Divine qualities section, the researcher tries to examine the affect of IET in the following fields: metaphysics, almightiness, Divine justice, Divine will, Divine providence, creation, action and existentialisation, Divine names, Divine choice, last destiny and providence. However, one may notice the representations of IET on the following: miracles and thaumaturgies, the responsibility of Man on his actions, transgression and religious practice, good and evil, perpetuity and interruption of the agony, Hell and Paradise, creation of unbelievers, mysteries and the prophet, difference of religious laws, the unity of religious.