Diyala Agricultural Sciences Journal

There was isolating and identifying Vibrios bacteria that taken from fresh and frozen fish, such as Suoboor Tenualosa ilisha, Silver carp Hypophthalmichthys molitrix, Beni Barbus sharpey and Shanak Acanthopagrus arabicus, we collected 210 fish from Basrah markets (Big market in Basrah, AlAshar, Al- Tanoma and Khmsameel) while we collected 150 fish from Silver carp, Beni and Shanak from Nasiriyah market (Big market and Harj market) this collecting process of samples taken a period from 2-June to 30-November\2013. Fish bring to laboratory and the samples taken from it and planted directly on agricultural medians. (nutrient agar, blood agar, MacConkey agar and selective media (Thiosulphate Citrate Bile salt Sucrose Agar TCBS)) then the dishes were incubated aerobically at temperature 37Cº for 18 – 24 hours. After the period of incubation, we identify 30 positive samples from Vibrios and this genus relianced to the shap of cultures and cell under microscope and by Catalase test ,Oxidase test and motion test afer that identifying the types relianced to biochemical tests and using certain API20E system, that indenting two kinds from Vibrios bacteria Vibrio cholera and Vibrio fluvialis. we confirmed that fresh fish including these bacteria more than frozen fish.Vibrio cholera and Vibrio fluvialis bacteria to be distinguished by percentage of durability of acidittoy reach to 100% at pH 5.0, 5.5, 6.0, 6.5, 7.0, 7.5 and 8.0, while we observed that the percentage of durability of acidity for Vibrio cholera bacteria reach to 60% at pH 4.5, but the Vibrio fluvialis bacteria was more resistant to acidity on 20% and 50% at pH 4.0 and 4.5 respectively. The study showed the ability of Vibrio cholera bacteria to resistant for salinity was reach to percentages 60% and 100% at concentrations 6% and 7% respectively, but it didn't grow on concentrations 8% and 9%. For the Vibrio fluvialis bacteria was resistant salinity in all concentrations but with different percentage reach to 100% at concentrations 6%, 7% and 40% at concentration 8%, but at concentration 9% there is only one sample had resistant on 20% which it as frozn sample. All isolation from different sources could growth in 25 and 37 Cº and in room temperature 15 Cº through worken in this experiment, but some isolation of Vibrios bacteria could growth with little density in 5 Cº, while it couldn't growth in -20 Cº.

Distributed 90 fish carp common Cyprinus carpio L (25-40 g fish-1) randomly on nine experimental treatment of two replicates for each group, each replicate included 5 fishes. The experiment was carried out for 60days in 18-glass aquarium (6o cm×30cm×30cm 60 L-1). The fish were fed on nine diets that different ratios from anise, cinnamon, treatment 1 (without the addition), treatment 2 (5% anise), treatment 3 (1% cinnamon), treatment 4 (5% anise +1% cinnamon), treatment 5 (2.5 anise), treatment 6 (2.5 cinnamon), treatment7 (5% anise 2.5% cinnamon), treatment 8 (2.5% anise +1% cinnamon), treatment9 (2.5% anise 2.5%) cinnamon. The results of statistical analysis showed high significantly different (P 0.06 > ) of T3(1% cinnamon) and T8 (2.5% anise +1% cinnamon) for WG and DWG whish were 27.122 gm fish-1 and 21.222 gm fish-1 for WG and 0.220 gm day-1 and 0.200 gm day-1 for DWG. Also The results of statistical analysis showed high significantly different (P 0.06 > ) of T3 (1% cinnamon) and T8 (2.5% anise +1% cinnamon) for RGR% and SGR% whish were 27.022% and 22.070% for RGR% and 6.620% and 1.160 % for SGR%. The results of statistical analysis showed no significantly different between all treatments for RBC. The results of statistical analysis showed high significantly different (P 0.06 > ) of T3, T4 and T5 for WBC whish was 01.220 and 00.720 and 01.00 Cell ml-3×103. Also. The results of statistical analysis showed high significantly different (P 0.06 > ) of T4, T5 and T9 for PCV% whish was 02.00% and 02.200% and 02.200 %. The results of statistical analysis showed high significantly different (P 0.06 > ) of T5 for Hb whish was 66.200 gm 100ml-1. The results suggest that the levels of anise and cinnamon of T3 and T8 gave best results for WG, DWG, RGR and SGR, therefore we advise to use the parentage above in diets of common carp.

The aim of this study was to determine the impact of she-camel's milk on the activity of liver enzymes, Aspartate amino transaminase (AST), Alanine amino transaminase (ALT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP). Healthy and alloxaninduced diabetic Sprague-Dawley rats were used as a model for this study. Rats were divided into seven groups (six rats each). They were, healthy control group, diabetic control group and five diabetic groups fed on raw, refrigerated, frozen, pasteurized and sterilized milk, respectively. At the end of the experiment 28 days, results revealed a significant decrease (p<0.05) in liver enzymes activity (AST, ALT and ALP) for diabetic rats fed on raw, refrigerated, frozen and pasteurized milk compared with control diabetic group, but therapeutic effect of milk was lost after sterilization. It was concluded that camel's milk played a positive role in improving the activity of liver enzymes in diabetic rats.

This study was conducted in Baqubah city, the period from November to April (2014-2015) in order to find out the inhibitory effect of plant extracts of Propolis on bacterial growth for three of the bacterial isolates included Staphylococcus aureus, E. coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, The study included preparing three types of extracts, alcoholic extract, hot aqueous and cold extract, with concentrations 10, 20, 50, 100 mg ml-1, by using drilling method balakar were compared to results of inhibition with extracts by inhibition activation for seven antibiotics (Nalidixic acid, Amoxicillin, Ciprofloxacin, Cefotaxime, Amikacin, Trimethoprim, Ampicillin) by using sensitive test for antibiotics. The study results showed that propolis inhibition of Staph. aureus bacteria at the rate of 17.19 mm then E-coli bacteria at the rate of 15.02 mm then Ps. aeruginosi at the rate of 14.61 mm

This study aimed to investigate the effect of the aqueous and crude alcohol extracted from the leaves of Isatis tinctoria on two malignant cell lines Hela and RD. Also this study included evaluation of the effect of these extracts on several cytogenetic parameters. The cytotoxicity of the aqueous extract and crude alcohol extract was investigated on the cancer cells line, Hella and RD. Toxic effect for both extracts was indicated by rate of proliferation inhibition. The alcohol extract showed the inhibition of Hela cell line at percentage (19.17% - 93.03%) more than the aqueous extract (8.95% - 75.69%) at concentrations: 62.5-8000 g ml-1. The rate inhibition of alcohol extract for RD cell line (11.48% - 77.87%) was higher than that of the aqueous extract (9.60%-71.14%) at the concentrations 62.5 and 8000 g ml-1. Both extracts (alcohol extract and aqueous extract) showed almost the same effect at the concentration 8000 g ml-1

This study aimed to evaluate the use of supplementation of synbiotic with different levels of sumac powder as promoter for the production of Lohmman Brown layers. For five months used 216 laying hens at 46 weeks age, distributed in 18 ground pens (1.15 × 2 m pen-1), 12 hens pen-1, and randomly divided in to six treatments (3 Rep. / treat.). The first treatment (T1) were fed a standard diet (control), T2, T3, T4, T5 and T6 were fed a standard diet was supplemented with 0.3% synbiotic, 0.5% sumac, 1% sumac, 0.3% synbiotic + 0.5% sumac powder, and 0.3% synbiotic +1% sumac respectively. The results showed an improvement in the productive performance of birds fed the synbiotic and sumac powder, since significantly increase (P≤0.05) achieved in each of egg production ratio (H.D.%), eggs mass, and feed conversion ratio compared with the control treatment. The effect of supplementation treatments had been enhanced productive performance in birds fed a combination supplementation of synbiotic and sumac compared with birds fed supplementation of synbiotic or sumac alone, means that got a synergistic effect between the synbiotic and sumac. The improvement in the productive performance and quality of eggs produced that reflection of the improvement in each the microbial balance of the intestines, histological characteristics of the intestines and immune response, were significantly decreased both of the numbers of total bacteria, and Coliform, and increased significantly the number of the lactic acid bacteria, also significantly increased the length of villi, depth of the crypts, and titer of antibodies against Newcastle disease in birds fed synbiotic and sumac, compared with the birds of the control treatment.

This study was conducted in poultry farm/Department of Animal production/ College of Agriculture/University of Diyala, for the period from 3/7 to 30/10/2015. The aim was to determine the effect of diallel cross (3×3) between there varieties of Japanese Quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica),White (W), Black (B) and Brown (N) plumage color on blood traits in males and females to estimate the main effects of sire and dam, effect of interaction between sire and dam, general combining ability, specific combining ability reciprocal effect, heterosis and maternal effects. The results showed asignificant difference between sire effect of male on number of WBC to varietie Black on White and high significant effect between Black and Brown Varieties in concentration of hemoglobin and cholesterol.The main effect dam show superiority of Black Variety on White Variety on concentration of cholesterol. The effect of interaction between sire and dam in blood traits in male progeny showed significant in: number of WBC, Hemoglobin concentration and concentration of cholesterol. The general combining ability for blood traits of pure Variety in male progeny significant values in concentration of hemoglobin and cholesterol. Specific combining ability showed No significant values for all traits of blood.The reciprocal effect showed significant values for WBC and concentration of hemoglobin. The results of interaction between sire and dam in blood traits of female progeny showed significant values in number of WBC, concentration of hemoglobin and cholesterol. The general combining ability values showed no significant differences in concentration of hemoglobin, concentration of cholesterol and Packed Cell Volume. Specific combining ability showed significant values in concentration of hemoglobin. The reciprocal effect showed significant values for concentration of hemoglobin and cholesterol. The results of heterosis value of blood traits in male progeny showed significant differences in concentration of hemoglobin. The maternal effect values showed significant differences in concentration of hemoglobin, and the result of heterosis values of blood traits in female progeny, significant differences in hemoglobin and cholesterol concentration and No significant showed differences between maternal effect of all traits in blood of female progeny

The experiment was carried out in postharvest physiology lab, at Horticulture and land scape, College of Agriculture/University of Diyala on 27/5/2014 to 2/6/2015 to study the effect of three combination of some treatment and methods of drying in two types of storage in qualitative characteristics of apricots, It was chosenas the best three combinations included: So2 with the microwave drying method (T1), NaoH with heating cabinet method (T2) and vitamin C with heating room (T3) and two types of storage (normal and radiator) and 12 month of storage. The complet randomized design C.R.D. was used in three replicated times weighted 750 – 800 g of dried fruit for each replication, the result was analyzed by using the statistical system SAS at the probability level 0.05. the fruits packaged in plastic bags were divided in two groups: the first stored in the laboratory degree heat 25ᵒ. Other, stored in chilled storage in the degree heat 1± 4. reading were taken on 8/6/2014 then after six months until the end of storage on 2/6/2015, then result showed that T2 had a significant increase in the total sugars and Tss and rate of losing weight. Whereas T3 led to decrease the percentage rate of acidity, moisture and losing weight. Chilled storage led to increase significantly the percentage of acidity, total sugars, carotene and lowest weight loss. While storage caused a decrease in the total sugars, Tss, carotene and lowest humidity loss.

The Experiment was carried out at College of Agriculture, University of Diyala during autumn season 2014 to investigate the effects of two factors the fertilization, plant densities and their interactions a combination on growth and yield of cauliflower. The Experiment included 12 treatment represent between tow plant densities, the first represented in planting cauliflower seedlings on one side of drip tube, The second was planting seedling on both sides of the drip irrigation tubes. six fertilizers treatments were applied included: control (without fertilizer), sheep manure at 2.5, 5, 7.5 and 10% of soil volume (soil volume was calculated on the basis of experimental unit area at 0.3 m depth) and the treatment of chemical fertilizer NPK 20:20:20 according to a recommendation 300kg ha-1 which was added at two times: first one added one week after planting in the field, second was added at curds appearance. This Experiment was designed in Factorial Experiment according the with three replicates means were compared according to Duncan's Multiple Range Test at the probability level 0.05. Result could be summarized as follows: the first density planting caused significantly increased in the leaves fresh weights, curd diameters, curd weights with leaves and leaves content of N before curds became visible and after to 0.79 kg plant-1, 20.10cm, 1.85Kg plant-1, 2.47% and 2.45% respectively. as compared with the second density which reduced the last to 0.51kg Plant-1, 15.34cm, 1.03 kg plant-1, 2.11% and 1.36% respectively, otherwise, second density has a significant effect on the height plant and total yield (curds with leaves) which is 40.92cm and 57.41 ton ha-1 respectively as compared with first density 38.01cm and 51.44 ton ha-1. The addition of sheep manures level of 10% increase in the height plant, leaves fresh weights, curd diameters, curd weights with leaves, total yield (curds with leaves) and leaves content of N before curds became visible and after to 48.60 cm, 0.86kg plant-1, 21.25cm, 2.14 kg plant-1, 80.42 ton ha-1, 2.67% and 2.21% respectively, as compared with no fertilizer which reduced the number of it to 34.89 cm, 0.43 kg plant-1, 15.18cm, 0.83 kg plant1-, 30.14 Ton ha-1, 1.59% and 1.24% respectively. Treatment interaction between the first density and sheep manures 10% gave a significant increase in the last characteristic respectively, as compared with treatment interaction between the second density and no fertilizer

Pot experiment was carried out during autumn season in 2014. A Randomized Complete Block Design (R.C.B.D) was used in three replications to investigate the effect of seed soaking in distilled water, gibberellic acid concentration of 500,750 and 1000 mg liter-1, potassium chloride concentration of 10, 20 and 30 g liter-1 and Ascorbic acid concentration of 5,10, 20 and 40 mg liter1 as well as the comparison treatment (without soak), in growth characters and hydrocyanic acid content of sorghum a variety of HAYMAX Spanish in the following characteristics leaf area, plant height, Number of leaves, Stem diameter and content of leaf from hydrocyanic acid. The study showed the following results; Most studied characters showed significant difference with seed soaking results in most studied characters except Stem diameter, Number of leaves and Hydrocyanic acid in leaf which was not significant .Soaking treatment significant with gibberellic acid concentration of 500 mg liter-1 plant height 157cm concentration of 1000 mg liter-1 in leaf area 207.57 cm2 and significant Soaking treatment in gibberellic acid concentration 500 mg liter-1 and treatment ascorbic acid concentration 20 g liter-1 were superior in branches number about 3.33branch

The study was conducted in the lethal house of horticultural station unit, Horticulture and landscape Department/Faculty of Agriculture/University of Tikrit. To study the effect of the photoperiod (shortening daylight to 9 hours and without shortening daylight) iron foliar every 15 to 30 days in addition to the treatment of non-spray on grafted or non-grafted. The results showed that the treatment of shortening the day caused the earliest in bud burst took place in fall season as recorded 32.96 day while non-shorting day gave 43.46 day for grafted gardenia. The grafted gardenia response to spray iron and gave the treatment of spraying every 30 days the highest rate of increase of the height plant to 68.04 cm and the highest rate the number of flowers per plant reached 7.30 flower and fewer buds falling reached 2.13 bud flower. Non-grafted gardenia similar trend response to iron foliar, treatment iron foliar every 30 day gave highest height plant 50.50 cm and the highest weight and diameter and age flower was 3.21 g and 3.20 cm and 4.11 day

The experiment was carried out at field crops Research Station in Diyala Directorate of Agriculture during the winter season of 2013 and 2014. The aim of the experiment was to study the effect of potassium foliar on wheat crop tolerance to levels of water salinity in different stages of growth, according to the scale of Zadoks for small grains and this impact on some traits yield and yield components of wheat (IPA 99 var.). Randomized Complete Block Design with three replications by Split-plot arrangement was used for the experiment. The main plots included four levels of water salinity treatments (water concentrations of salt 7, 14, 21 dS m-1, river water). While Sub-plots included potassium foliar treatments according to the stages of crop growth. The results of the experiment showed negatively effect of water salinity S3 level (21 dS m-1) on the mean of grain yield, which was significantly lower rate (55.90 and 55.85 %) for two seasons respectively. The treatment (K6) potassium foliar in two stages booting and flowering Excelled in grain yield. As treatment (K7) potassium spray in elongation stage, booting and flowering excelled, in 1000-grain weight in two seasons. The combination S0K6 gave the highest average for spike number 304.4 .97.5 spike m-2 respectively in two seasons, and it excelled in number of grain in spike in season one, while S0K5 treatment were recorded the significantly highest rate in grain yield in two seasons and number of grain in spike in second season. The combination S3K0 recorded the significantly lowest average of number of spikes, weight of thousand grain and grain yield in two seasons.

The experiment were carried out at Diyala Directorate of Agriculture Research Station field crops during the winter of 2013 and 2014. The objective of the experiment was to study the effect of gibberellic acid foliar on wheat crop tolerance to levels of water salinity in different stages of growth, according to the scale (Zadoks and others, 1974) for small grains and this impact on some characteristics, yield and yield components of wheat (IPA 99 var.). Randomized complete block design with three replications by split-plot arrangement was used for the experiments. The main plots included four levels of water salinity treatments (water concentration of salt 7, 14, 21 dS m-1, river water) in both seasons. While sub-plots included Gibberellic acid foliar treatments in different concentrations according to the stages of crop growth (150 300 450) mg l-1. The results of the experiment showed negatively effect of water salinity S3 level (21 dS m-1) on the mean of all characteristics, including the grain yield, which was significantly lower rate 79.00 and 79.60% for two seasons respectively. G3 treatment (sprayed acid Gibberellic concentration of 450 mg l-1) caused increase area of flag leaf, number of spikes, the number of grains in spike and yield grain in the two seasons respectively. The combination S0G3 (river water gibberellic acid foliar concentration of 450 mg l-1) also recorded the highest average area of flag leaf, number of grains per-spike, 1000-grain weight and yield grain in the two seasons. The combination S1G3 (water concentration of salt 7 dS m-1 gibberellic acid foliar concentration of 450 mg l-1) excelled in number of spikes in the first season. Combination S3G0 (water concentration of salt 21 dS m-1 without gibberellic acid recorded the lowest average area of flag leaf, number of spikes, number of grains per-spike and grain yield in the two seasons respectively.

Field experiment was conducted in Hibhib area in Diyala province during the growing season in 2015 to study the six transactions of Foliar arginine acid and yeast (arginine acid concentration of 200 Melgm ltr-1 and arginine acid concentration of 300 Melgm ltr-1, yeast concentration of 5 Gm ltr-1, a mixture of arginine acid concentration of 200 Melg ltr -1 and yeast solution concentration of 5 g Ltr-1 (1:1 ratio) and a mixture of arginine acid concentration of 300 Melgm ltr- 1 and 5 Gm ltr-1 yeast solution and by (1:1 ratio) and the treatment control (water drop) on three genotypes of potatoes which (Emma and Rivira and Loane). The experiment carried out in accordance with the system of panels splinter split plot where he developed genotypes in key cutting and spraying transactions in the secondary pieces using design RCBD and three replications, tested moral differences between the averages, according to Duncan test and the level of probability of 0.05. Study proved superiority of installation plants Loena sprayed with a mixture of yeast and arginine acid concentration of 300 Melgm ltr-1 best along for the plant amounted to 66.66 cm, while installation plants recorded Emma sprayed with yeast highest number of aerodynamic shins totaled 6.00 stem plant2, as well as excelled installation plants Emma sprayed with a mixture of yeast arginine acid 300 Melgmaze ltr-1 highest number of securities amounted to 112.00 and leaf, while genotype Rivira plants sprayed recorded Ppalarjnin concentration of 200 Melgm ltr-1 more space and leaf totaled 1920.3 ds2, texturing plants as well as recorded Loena sprayed with a mixture of yeast histidine and arginine 300 Melgm ltr-1 highest percentage of chlorophyll in securities amounted to 51.70 Spade.

The experiment in the field of Scholastic in the province of Diyala-Mandali hand for the Fall 2014 season and which planted the potato Solanum tuberosum L. Cv. Riviera class Elite has been aimed experiment to see the effect of the level of irrigation water used and the amino acids added and the method of addition and interaction in recipes vegetative growth and winning the potato. Experience has included the effect of three levels of irrigation water salinity (2, 3.6 and 5.1) ds m-1 and has a drip irrigation in a way, and added amino acid Proline, Arginine and two levels of 0 and 200 p p m and sprayed in two ways and under plant. The experiment carried out according to the design of a skateboard dissident Split Plot as represented salinity levels of irrigation water under the President the amino acids in the main concentrations below under three replicates has been tested differences between the averages by test LSD at the 5% level of probability. The results can be summarized as follows:- 1- Increased salinity of irrigation water from 2 to 5.1 ds m-1 to reduce plant height and total chlorophyll and quotient total and quotient the marketable. 2- Marked by spray treatment Proline a concentration of 200 p p m and interfere with irrigation water salinity 2 ds m-1 to give the plant's highest and the highest total chlorophyll concentration and largest quotient holistic and holds a marketable compared to other interactions

This study was conducted in a private field, Bani Saad district/ Diyala governorate, during 2013 growing season to study the effect of irrigation intervals and plant density on some quantitative traits of three cowpea cultivars yield. The experiment included three factors namely: Three cowpea cultivars (Black Eye, Ramshorn and Ramshorn H5) three irrigation intervals (every two, four and six days) and two planting densities (one and two plants per hole). The experiment was carried out in accordance to strip split-split plots using RCBD. Results can be summarized as follows: No significant differences were showed in studied characters of all cultivars, were as irrigation intervals differs from each other significantly that irrigation every two days treatment gave the best pod length, diameter and total yield. Planting densities didn't revealed a significant differences. Interaction of cultivars and irrigation intervals showed that plants of Ramshorn and Black Eye cultivars irrigated every two days gave the highest yield per plants (8.130 and 8.182 ton h-1 respectively), on the other hand Ramshorn H5 plants irrigated at two days interval had the superiority in pod length 15.45 cm, Plants belonged to. Cultivars irrigated every 4-days gave the best number of seeds per pod 7.718 seeds. Interaction of cultivar with plants density showed that Black Eye cultivar plants planted with two plant per hole gave the pest total yield 10.02 ton h-1. Overlap between plants densities and periods of irrigation was significance as it gave the plants on the intensity of two plants density and irrigation intervals significantly affected many characters, where two plants per hole interaction irrigated every two days the pest yield 10.732 ton h-1, fur ther more one plant per hole density irrigated every two or four days intervals gave the highest pod 15.72 and 15.14 cm, respectively. Plant density of one plant per hole irrigated every four ore two days gave the best number of seeds per (7.633 and 7.348 seeds pod-1 respectively). The triple overlap revealed that Black Eye plants irrigated every two and four days and planted at two plants per hole gave the best yield 11.116 and 10.698 ton h-1 respectively.

Field experiment was conducted during the winter season 2013 – 2014 in Silty loam texture soil in order to study the effect of three levels of foliar growth regulators Atonik (0, 1, 2) m l-l on components yield, yield of seeds, Trigonelline percents and its yield in two cultivars of Fenuqreek (Indian, Iraqi(, using split plot arrangement according to randomized complete plock design (RBCD) to conducted the experiment. The cultivars placed in main plot while as the concentration of Atonik employed sub plot. The resulted revealed. The third level of spray (2 m Atonik l-1 water) superior of pods number of plant, seeds number of pod, 100 seeds weight (g), seeds yield kg h-1, Trigonelline percents and its yield g h-1. So the Indian cultivars was sigificantly superior in pods number of plant, seeds yield kg h-1, while Iraqi cultivar of Fenuqreek was significantly increase of 100 seeds weight (g), Trigonelline percents and its yield (g h-1). The interaction between two factors significantly influence in all the studied characters

The experiment was carried out in one of the plastic houses of the research station belong to the Department of Horticulture and Landscaping/ College of Agriculture/ University of Diyala during the 2014-2015 season to study the effect of adding some of plant preparations containing free amino acids, Humic compounds and micronutrients on growth and yield traits of eggplant var. Sevilla F1" under protected cultivation conditions. " The experiment included 7 treatments in addition to the control. A randomized complete block design was used with three replicates, therefore, the number of pilot unit were 24 and each one included 10 plants.The results showed that the treatment of adding amino acids + humic compounds + micronutrients was superior in most of vegetative growth such as plant height, leaf area, dry weight of shoot and the relative amount of chlorophyll present in plant leaves as recorded (57.52cm, 333cm2 plant-1,108.70 g and 57.33 SPAD unit) respectively, and also surpassed significantly in giving a highest percentage of N, P, K, Fe and Mn in leaves as reached (3.37%, 0.42%, 3.49%, 223.36 mg kg-1 and 107.52 kg-1) respectively. It was also affected significantly on fruit weight, yield per plant and yield of plastic house Total, TSS percentage and content of fruit peel of anthocyanins pigment as recorded (198.60 g, 6.68 kg plant-1, 6.44 t house-1, 6.35% and 784.00 mg 100g-1) respectively.

Two Experiment was carried out in Biology department/College of Education for pure Science–University of Diyala, during agricultural season 2014–2015; To study the effect of allelopathy of some summer plants; The first experiment was laboratory experiment was designed in Completely Randomized Design (CRD), with three replicates to investigate the effects of roots extracts of summer plants (maize, sorghum, sunflower and cotton) in percentage of germination and some characteristic of seedling growth of wheat seeds. Second experiment was in pots to study the effects of roots residues of maize, sorghum, sunflower and cotton on growth, germination and yield of wheat which was planted after them, according to the Randomized Complete Block Design (R.C.B.D) with four replicates.
Result showed a significant decrease in seed germination of wheat reached to (33.333, 86.667, 73.333 and 26.667%) respectively, as compared with control treatment 93.33%. as well as radical and dry matter at transaction with warm water abstracts to roots of the summer plants mentioned with concentration 100%. Also, result of pots experiment showed a significant decrease in seed germination of wheat. While, it gave significant increase in the percent of fertile branches and plant height which was planted after sorghum, weight of 100 grain and yield of grain plant in wheat which was planted after sunflower

The experiment agent was done by design Complete Randomized sectors RCBD in horticulture and engineering department field Alhaddaiq-Faculty of Agriculture - University of Diyala season spring 2015 to study the impact of global shading and spraying Salicylic acid in some tomato harvest quotient. It included three levels of shading (without shading 0% and 35% and 65%) have a code symbols (L0 and L1 and L2) using over foods to cover and four of Salicylic acid concentrations (0, 75, 150, 225) mg letter -1 her (S0, S1, S2 and S3) sprayed on the first two installments after a month and the second two months after planting seedlings. We tested the differences between the averages by polynomial Duncan test at the 0.05 level of significance. The result of this study appeared the using of shading by 35% lead to outweigh the moral in recipes holds one plant overall and winning because of full (1.342 kg plant -1, 52.614 kg H-1), respectively, while outperforming the treatment of shading 65% morally in the character of the size of the fruit, which did not morally different from the treatment of shading, amounting to 35% (103.00, 100.25) and 3 cm higher than the comparison treatment in a number of fruits recipe on my paperwork shading. Spraying Salicylic acid turn achieved a significant increase in all of the traits on the treatment of comparison was the highest increase for spraying a concentration of 75 mg letter -1. The overlapping was of the significant differences among the treatments for all of the traits, and it was best to overlap the adjectives holds one plant overall and winning is among the 35% shading and spraying the treatment level of 75mg letter1-.

Afield experiment was conducted in a sandy loam texture to study effect ofphosphate fertilizer type and its levels on growth and yield of wheat (Triticumaestivum L.) in a gypsiferous soil. The experiment was conducted according to
Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications used two types of phosphate fertilizers (TSP-Triple Super Phosphate and DAP- Di Ammonium Phosphate(. Phosphorus fertilizer was applied in six levels (0, 20,
40, 60, 80 & 100) kg P ha-1 with symbols P1, P2, P3, P4, P5 and P6. The total plots were 36 experimental units. Nitrogen fertilizer added to all treatments at a rate of 200 kg N ha-1 in Urea form (46% N) applied at agriculture and at 45 days
after germination. Potassium fertilizer added at rate of 165 kg K ha-1 in the form of potassium sulfate(43% K). The results showed significant increased (plant height, spike number, spike weight, straw and grains yield) in all parameters for both fertilizer types. Results refer TSP fertilizer better than DAP fertilizer in the growth criteria's and yield components.

A pot experiment was conducted at the lath –house of the Department of Soil Sciences and Water Resources, College of Agriculture, University of Baghdad during the fall season of 2013. Sandy loam texture soil was used to study the effect of mycorrhiza and potassium addition on the growth of corn plant under water stress. Three potassium levels were used control (K0), 100 (K1) and 200 (K2) Kg h-1. Mycorrhiza inoculation was used with three treatments of inoculation (without inoculation (M0), with mycorrhiza, Gloums spp. (M1) and inoculation with roots infected by mycorrhiza (M2) and treatments were three water levels 40% (W1), 60% (W2) and 80% (W3) available water and three replicates by using a Complete Randomized Design (CRD). Results showed that significant. Results showed that inoculation with mycorrhiza (M1) significantly increase the shoot and root dry weight which was 31.39 g pot-1 and 10.02 g pot-1 and leaf, root area 90.59 cm2, 127.36 cm2, respectively, compared with M0 and M2 treatments. The addition of potassium with inoculation by mycorrhiza led to mitigation the high water stress on growth of plant through there's interactional work. Best result was achieved due to the triple interaction among water stress, mycorrhiza and potassium, where W1M1K2 treatment showed significant increment in the dry weight of shoot system, leaves surface area with increase ratios as 15.8, 8.4%, respectively, compared with W3M0K0 treatment

An experiment carried out at the field of College of Agricultural, University of Diyala during the autumn season 2015 - 2016. To study the effect of speed and depth of plowing on rotary plow performance. By using the machine unit consists of orchard tractor type B 2530 and mini rotary plow type 1200 in clay Loam soil. The experiment was done by using random complete block design (RCBD) as a full factorial experiment with two factors. The first factor represents the plowing depths with two levels 2-4 cm and 8-10 cm, while the second factor represents the forward speed of tractor with three levels 1.66, 3.05 and 4.35 km h-1 with three replicates. The results showed that: the depth 2-4 cm shows higher significantly affected than depth 8-10 cm of all study parameters except the volume of soil distribution character with less slippage percentage. And the results also showed that the speed 4.35 km h-1 has highly affected comparing with speeds 3.05 and 1.66 km h-1 on all study parameters under lower slippage percentage too. Meanwhile the interaction between the first speeds 1.66 km h-1 with the first depth 2-4 cm showed higher significantly affected than other interactions for speed using coefficient and actual field capacity parameters with less slippage percentage. And obtain the highest production on third speed 4.35 km h-1 with 2-4 cm depth 0.401 hectare h-1 and the third speed with depth 8-10 cm showed highest volume of the soil distribution under 0.05 probability levels. Concluding from this: that the increasing the speed of the tractor has led to increasing of effective field capacity, the volume of soil distribution, field efficiency and the coefficient of speed exploit at the lowest of slippage percentage. While the increasing in the depth of tillage led to increasing of the slippage percentage and the volume of soil distribution with a decreasing in coefficient of speed exploit, field efficiency and effective field capacity coefficient. Thus the recommendation of plowing process by using the rotary plow at the shallow depths with high speeds to obtain the highest values of the characteristics studied.

This paper examines the short term and long term effects of changes of exchange rate on bilateral trade flows of agricultural products between Iraq and its major trading partners (Syria, Jordan and United Arab Emirates). In accordance with the J-curve theory, the Johansen cointegration test was employed to analyze the long term relationship and a vector error correction model to explore the short term effects of Iraqi Dinar exchange rate level. The data set used in this study covers period from 1995 to 2014. Agricultural product groups are based on the SITC classification. Results showed that if the Iraq foreign trade in agricultural sector is disaggregated into particular product categories, there can be found only some sectors significantly connected with exchange rate movements in the long term. The effects of exchange rate movements are less than ambiguous and cannot be generalized across the analyzed product categories. Theoretical short term and long term assumptions can not confirmed in trade of most of agricultural trade of Iraq with its most important partners

The production increase is not achieved if the economic resources used in the production function have a cross effect on the function in the long-run, when all Variables and not able to manage efficiently, hence the importance of using a cost- function in the analysis after include the prices of the resources with over the impact of economic factors, so the research aimed to conduct an econometrics analysis of Production Cost Functions for Peanut and use them to find efficiency of productive, cost and profit by using the questionnaire from 54 producers in Diyala province, in 2012, the results showed that the formula Cubic is most suitable for the analysis of the relationship between the cost and production Peanut. The optimal size of production reached 42.08 tons and the production efficiency reached 0.30, it is a low value because the farmers use classical pattern, the cost elasticity show that the production increase by 10% Requires increase in costs by 3.7%, the efficiency of the profit amounted to 1.5, 4.2 and 2.2 at actual, optimization and profit maximization for the production, while net income was 8452.8, 32721.7, 40243.5 thousand dinars respectively. results also showed that the supply elasticity amounted to 0.03 which is incompatible with the nature of the supply of agricultural goods and not to respond to price changes, the area achieved of economic efficiency reached 44.8 donom, by knowing producers response to market conditions and to clarify the possibility of bridging the national needs of the crop at the different strategies show that the alternative vertical expansion is more realistic