University of Thi-Qar Journal for Engineering Sciences

A numerical investigation to study the behavior of the turbulent non-newtonian flow through a channel from two expansions with constant heat flux at the lower wall is calculated. This behavior predicted for Reynolds number from 16000 to 100000 and for the range of power law index from 0.4 to 1.6. The distance ratio between the two expansions is varied from 1 to 6 with expansion ratio from 1.5 to 3 and aspect ratio from 1 to 4. These results are obtained by using ANSYS FLUENT 15.0. The results illustrate the effect of the first expansion on the second expansion and the variation of the reattachment length and Nusselt number. These results gave an idea about the ability of the step distance to control the whole flow structure

A copper parallel channels test piece has built into the test section containing twenty five, one mm by one mm, parallel channels the channels were fifty mm long; the Heat-transfer coefficients for single-phase are reported. Micro- channel was Square shape and the test section has a glass top plate to permit visual observations. The data are taken while the rig is working .The test section is received the heat by an electric heater is associated normally with a boundary condition for constant heat flux. Because the important variation in the single-phase - heat-transfer coefficient in the inlet zone, the interceding copper and aluminum material is shown to make the test section close isothermal wall boundary condition. The heat conduction influence is taken into computation in the data analysis finally; the effective heat flux and the single-phase heat transfer coefficient are reported in this paper experiments and predictions

This work presents analysis of three-phase Induction Motor (IM) performance with Direct Torque Control based Space Vector Modulation (DTC-SVM). DTC-SVM scheme is a kind of high-performance control of IM drives to improve the ripples of torque and flux in steady state, this drawback of conventional DTC. (DTC-SVM) has three Proportional-Integral (PI) controllers, one utilized as the PI speed controller and other PI flux controller and PI torque controller which are utilized to produce the stator voltage reference V_ds and V_qs respectively. This paper offers a comparison among two methods utilized for tuning the PI speed controller in DTC_SVM of IM drive. One is trial and error method, while the second is Genetic Algorithms (GA). GA helps to get the optimal PI speed controller parameters. The results of a simulation carried out utilizing MATLAB/Simulink program (R2014a) show that the response of speed motor with GA is better and reaches to the reference value faster than another method

رى في هذا البحث تشخيص الخصائص البتروفيزيائية لتكوين المشرف في حقل حلفاية من خلال تفسير بيانات المجسات البئرية(Hf-2, Hf-3, Hf-4, Hf-5, Hf-7) والتي من خلالها جرى حساب المسامية الكلية (الفعالة) والثانوية وحجم السجيل والتشبعين المائي والنفطي بجزئية القابل للحركة والمتبقي وللنطاقين المكتسح وغير المكتسح. اعتماداً على الخصائص البتروفيزيائية المشخصة امكن تقسم تكوين المشرف في حقل حلفايه الى ثلاث وحدات مكمنيه رئيسة باستخدام برنامج(Techlog, 2011) استناداً الى استجابة المجسات البئريه هي(mA, mB, mC) والتي بدورها تقسم الى عدد من الوحدات الثانوية استناداً الى نتائج التحليل البتروفيزيائي(المسامية الكلية) حيث ان الوحدة الرئيسة(mB) تقسم الى الوحدات الثانوية(mB11) (mB12) (mB21) (mB22)، وان جميعها تفصل بواسطة وحدات عازلة. جرى تمثيل المعطيات البتروفيزيائية المكمنية من خلال بناء أنموذج مكمني ثلاثي الابعاد للمسامية والتشبع النفطي وذلك باستخدام برنامج(Petrel, 2009) لتوضيح توزيع تلك الخصائص البتروفيزيائية لكل وحدة مكمنية ضمن آبار الحقل. إذ بينت النتائج ان افضل الوحدات المكمنية هي الوحدة المكمنية الثانية والاولى(mB11) (mA) على التوالي أخذين بنظر الاعتبار تغاير سماكة تلك الوحدات، ثم تليها الوحدات(mB12) (mb21)(mB22) على التوالي، في حين تميزت الوحدات الثانوية للوحدة الرئيسة(mC) بسماكتها الكبيرة لكن كان تشبعها النفطي ردئ وشبة منعدم. وقد لوحظ ان التشبع النفطي لتلك الوحدات(mA) (mB) يزداد باتجاه الجناح الغربي للحقل عند البئر(Hf-2).

Hard competition have forced companies for seeking how to integrate decisions through supply chain functions, functional integration involving decisions about purchasing, manufacturing, and distribution activities within the company, also among the company and its suppliers and customers. The work in this methodology mainly aims to integrate decision making in internal supply chain to meet the demands of customers within industrial environments. The proposed methodology was divided into three sub-methodologies. The first sub-methodology focused on forecasting customers' demands in the marketing department, which are used in the planning process within the company. The second sub-methodology focused on the best order quantity from the suppliers, which reduces the total cost, which composed from holding, purchase and transportation costs. Finally, sub-methodology focused on the sequence of the demands products specified by the marketing department and finding the best sequence of products based on setup time for production lines in the production department.

The control of liquid level in the oil and natural gas industry is a very important subject since it affects the shutdown of the sale and transport of these sensitive products. In the oil separator, because of the mixing of the accompanied water, oil and accompanied gas, therefore, the level of oil must not be exceed a such rang as well as not to be less than a proper level. For this reason, this work is focused in modeling a Simulink and mathematical model for multi-stage oil separator structure and applies the intelligent schemes in order to control the angles of most inlet and outlet valves at the same time. This technique will improve the behavior of the level response in terms of the rise time, maximum present overshoot, settling time and steady state error. Also, a comparison has been implemented between (fuzzy logic, Nonlinear Autoregressive-Moving Average (NARMA-L2)) against conventional control methods such as PID control. Faster response for most oil separator can be achieved as it appears from the simulation results. Also, multi input variable that affect the system outputs can be treated accurately by a proper rule base adjusting in fuzzy logic or adequate training data in the NARMA-L2. The effective factors of fuzzy logic and NARMA-L2 had been optimized and studied where the simulation results had demonstrated that there are special magnitudes for each new application

This work aims to study the effect of aging heat treatment of friction stir welding of aluminum alloys AA 2024- AA 6061 on corrosion behavior. The dimensions of aluminum alloys plates which used are 85mm, 150 mm and 6mm as width, length and thickness respectively. The welding process was done using a milling machine and welding tool with cylindrical shape (18mm and 6mm of shoulder and pin diameters respectively, with 5.8mm as a pin length). The welding process conditions were 1040 rpm and 30 mm/min as tool rotation speed and welding speed respectively. After the welding process, heat treatment process was conducted. The samples were heated to a temperature of 520 °C for 30 minutes followed by a cooling process in water, then, it has been aging at a temperature of 210 ?C for 4 hours. The microstructures of the samples of the base alloys and friction stir welding are examined by using optical microscopy and the corrosion test done by using a WENKING Mlab multi channels potentiostat and SCI-Mlab corrosion measuring system to plotted Tafel polarization curves in 3.5% NaCl solution. The results shown that the microstructure of the FSW sample after heat treatment has a finer uniform distribution precipitates and has high corrosion resistance

Present work, studies effect of basin shape on productivity of tubular solar still (TSS). Basin works as solar energy absorber to transfer this energy to saline water by diffusion (conduction and convection). After absorbing the energy, water transforms into vapor to condensate on the outer cover of TSS. In present work, shape of the basin modified into four cases taken here to increase solar energy absorption and inside water convection. This led to increase the productivity of fresh water to reach maximum value of 47% than regular basin. This is a passive method of modification of water productivity, which applied easily in practical applications

The solar energy development is one of the modern sciences that used the new experiments ideas to reach the benefit. This paper demonstrated the idea of concentrating the solar energy by using two practical models (Model 1 and 2) of parabolic dish with cross sectional area of (1.13 m2) and (2.545m2) respectively for accumulation of solar energy in one focus at Nasiriya city, southern of Iraq (31.036?N,46.21?E). The controlled closed pan was placed at the centre situation of this focus of dish. That used the concentrated solar array heat to raise the focal temperature to many hundreds degrees. So, this small pool used to minimize the heat transfer losses by the convection and radiation way. Also, this small volume increased the concentration ratio to reach the boiling and vaporizing temperature of water which found inside the closed pool. The generated steam leaved the pool to pass throughout the small diameter pipes of condenser that help the steam to decrease its enthalpy to convert the state to liquid. The maximum distillated water for both rigs (model 1 and 2) was 2.5 and 5.25 L/day respectively in 20th of June while the average efficiency was 77.6 % and 76.6 % respectively

In this paper, the electrical cables have been studied numerically and the effect of soil on its cooling has been investigated. The thermal conditions applied for hot climate temperature such as in south of Iraq data. Different cables arrays for three phase connections of electricity were done (horizontal, vertical and inclined (Which is new compared to previous researches) arrays). The arrangement of cables was buried and passed underground level for mechanical and electrical protection in addition to cooling them by conduction of low soil temperature. The cables of 19 strand wire (7mm diameter for each) homogeneously distributed inside a layer of insulation according to standards. The cables were placed at the centre of soil domain to utilized from a uniform temperature distribution due to the cold soil temperature in hot places. Heat flux assumed to flow from the outer surface of cable insulation to determine the temperature distribution in the domain and cables for selection of good insulation at peak electrical loads and hot weather conditions. The results showed that the maximum temperature was for the medium cable and that the electrical cables in hot areas should be buried underground at a depth of approximately 4 m to keep them from mechanical and electrical damage

In the present study an Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) model has been developed for Al Gharraf River in Thi Qar Province, Iraq. The modeled network is trained, validated and tested using daily discharge data pertaining to 3 years (January 2014 to January 2017) for four stations on the river Al Gharraf (Regulator II, Regulator III, Regulator IIII and Al Badaa). The number of hidden neurons is estimated according to trial and error procedure. The best model is selected according to based root mean square error (RMSE), mean absolute error (MAE) and coefficient of correlation (R). The results showed the optimum numbers of neuron in hidden layer is equal to 10 and indicate that the ANNs is effective technique for forecasting the river discharge, which are utmost essential to hydrologists around the globe

This paper includes an experimental study of the effect of irregular vibrations (random vibration) resulting from dynamic aerodynamic load or the turbulent winds of the unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) wing, as well as finding aerodynamic forces affecting the wing. The objective of this study is to determine the concentration areas of the force in which the failure occurs and to know the behavior of random vibration and its effect on the wing structure. The wing was constructed and manufactured with suitable dimensions and then the wing was installed inside the wind tunnel of the test. The wing has been tested at five angles of attack (0º, 5º, 10º, 15º and 20º) and certain wind velocities. Through the sensors and associated signal analyzers, the relationship was obtained between acceleration and frequency acceleration of specific points on the wing surface and the forces of drag, lift and torque were calculated. The results show, it was found that the greatest value of the forces is concentrated in the area near the edge fixed at the wing root especially in the large attack angles. Also it was concluded that the drag and lift forces and torque torsional wing increases proportional to the increase in wind velocity and angle of attack

كزت الطروحات العامة على دراسة الواقع المعرفي العام حول مفاهيم ال المتنوعة ومنها ما تمتلكه المؤسسات المعمارية بشكل عام والأكاديمية منها بشكل خاص ودورها في توجيه المناهج والأطر المعرفية التي تقود العملية التعليمية التصميمية ومن ثم تحدد ملامح وهوية العمارة المستقبلية التي ستصنع على أيدي مصمميها وطلبتها ، وهنا تتدخل مؤشرات عدة تحيط بالظروف العامة والتأثيرات الخارجية والداخلية حول الموضوع يتوجب دراستها والتوقف عند فهم حدودها العامة .

يهدف البحث لتعريف الأسس العامة لدراسة دور المؤسسة المعمارية (الأكاديمية) المعرفية في تحديد الموقف الفكري العام للمصمم (الطالب) وذلك بتحديد الطرح المعرفي العام وتحديد المشكلة المعرفية للبحث وهي (وضوح اثر ودور المؤسسة المعمارية (الاكاديمية) في تحديد وتشكيل الموقف الفكري للمصمم (الطالب)) والهدف بتوضيح ذلك الاثر ليتم طرح الخطوات المنهجية لتحقيقه بالانتقال لتعيين نموذج معرفي تمثل بمنهج محدد لإحدى المؤسسات المعمارية الأكاديمية وصولاً لتشكيل إطار نظري يتم تطبيقه على نماذج لمشاريع تطبيقية حددت وفقاً للمنهج المعتمد وتحليل نتائج هذا التطبيق واستكشاف وتوضيح تحقق حالات المؤشرات النظرية المحددة لتلك العلاقة مع طرح الاستنتاجات النهائية والتوصيات.

ان دراسة وتسجيل المباني التراثية له أهمية كبيرة لما تمثله من قيمة معمارية وحضرية, وقد تعرضت العديد من الابنية التراثية الى الزوال والاندثار نتيجة لعوامل متعددة, اذ ان اغلب هذه المباني توثق ويتم تسجيل عناصرها لغرض اجراء عميلات الحفاظ عليها وامكانية صيانتها او لغرض توثيقها, اذ لوحظ نوعين من الابنية التراثية احدهما مندثرة (غير موجوده في الواقع) اذ يمكن الرجوع إليها عن طريق وثائق مختلفة سواء اكانت تصويري او كتابية وصفية, والاخر لا يزال موجود في اغلب مواقع المدن, وقد ظهرت تقنيات متعددة في مجال الحاسب الألى وامكانية متطورة في مجال توثيق وتسجيل واحياء التراث المعماري تساهم بشكل كبير في الحفاظ على المباني ذات القيمة في المدن التي تتواجد فيها.

عرفت مدينة البصرة (ببندقية الشرق) وذلك لكثرة تواجد الأنهر والقنوات في نسيج المدينة الحضري وما لهذه الانهر والقنوات من تأثير في مستويات متعددة وما تمثله من محاور النمو العمراني والحضري, وكذلك تشكيل الواجهات النهرية وما لها من معالجات خاصة سواء معمارية او إنشائية ونظرا لأهمية الواجهة النهرية وبالأخص نهر العشار الذي يمثل الشريان الرئيسي للمدينة البصرة اختص هذا البحث في دراسة وتوثيق الأبنية غير الموجودة (المندثرة او المزالة) بواسطة التوثيق الصوري (الصورة) لغرض إحياء هذه الأبنية, اذ من خلال التطرق الى الدارسات والطروحات المعمارية العامة والخاصة لوحظ وجود نقص معرفي والمتمثل بعدم وجود دراسة متخصصة لتوثيق للواجهة النهرية لنهر العشار للفترة ما بين (1930-1950) لما تمثله هذه الواجهة من أهمية معمارية والعمل على إحيائها, وبذلك تمثل هدف البحث العمل على استعادة الواجهة النهرية المزالة او المندثرة بواسطة التقنيات المتاحة باستخدام الحاسب الألى والطرق التقليدية لتحقيق أهداف البحث.

This paper introduces a cooperative orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (CO-OFDM) based on amplify and forward (AF) relay and utilizing a fast low complexity T-transform as a subcarriers modulation scheme. The proposed cooperative system is developed by changing the modulation/demodulation algorithms which significantly enhanced the immunity of the system to deep notches of the multipath channels. Thereafter, the paper presents a mathematical analytic model for the proposed amplify and forward CO-T-OFDM scheme. The use of T-transform in the transceiver of the proposed system enhances the signal diversity. Therefore, the presented AF cooperative system is efficient in enhancing the signal diversity, mitigating the effects of multipath fading channels and achieving more reliable bit-error-rate (BER) performance than the state-of-the-art cooperative system. It also moderates the peaks power of the signal. The BER of the developed AF cooperative system is evaluated by Monte Carlo simulation over frequency-selective multipath channels when AF relay is used, and compared with the BER performance of the standard AF cooperative system. The results show that the developed AF cooperative technology achieves better BER than the classic CO-OFDM under different transmission scenarios.