Journal of University of Babylon

The current study aims to know the effects of using e-learning platforms in teaching mathematics from the perspective of the faculty members in the Department of Mathematics at the College of Education for Pure Sciences at the University of Babylon and the researcher used the descriptive approach، because it is appropriate to the nature of the research goal.
To verify this، the researcher prepared a questionnaire consisting of (20) paragraphs، whose apparent sincerity was confirmed by presenting it to the specialists in the field of psychological and educational sciences، and its paragraphs were designed so that the answer is to choose one of the two alternatives (agree – disagree) and it was distributed electronically in its final form to the research sample which was chosen intentionally and in the amount [34 professors] from professors of mathematics in the College of Education for Pure Sciences for the academic year 2019/2020.
After conducting the statistical analysis of the test items، the results of the research revealed a set of positive effects of using e-learning platforms as a method of teaching mathematics to the students of the department.
In the light of the results of the research، the researcher reached several recommendations، conclusions and proposals، including the use of e-learning platforms in teaching، as they are in line with current conditions and modern educational theories that emphasize keeping pace with technology and the active participation of learners in the learning and teaching process، especially most of the department's teachers are qualified to use e-learning platforms In teaching mathematics، I suggested conducting a study similar to this current study with other variables not covered in this study

This study is concerned with investigating Iraqi EFL non-departmental students' use of the speech act of invitation at the pragmatic level in terms of recognition and production. First, a theoretical survey is presented about invitation. Then, a model of invitation strategies is adopted for the analysis. The Department of Dentistry, Al-Mustaqbal University College during the academic year 2019-2020 was a representative of the data analyzed in this research. A test is carried out on 20 third stage undergraduate students whose native language is Arabic and the analysis is done afterwards. The study employs multiple choice question and a discourse completion task as instruments for collecting the data. The results show that the performance of the learners on the recognition part is questionable as they are unable to differentiate invitation from other attitudes. On the production part, the learners used some strategies more than others in addition to using a strategy which is not found in the model.

Praise be to God, He sent the book to His servant and did not make it a curse, and God prayed for His Messenger, who was still tongue by singing a tone, and to his good and pure family who made them for the wilderness flags and arguments, and to his companions who took his law as a way and a method.
And after; On the one hand, this research deals with an important topic closely related to the Holy Qur’an. And in the Arabic language and its sciences on the other hand; This topic is (the analysis of the Qur’anic text), and the importance of the material for analyzing the Qur’anic text comes from two sides. The first is that this course combines the Arabic language sciences that students study; They are: sound, exchange, grammar, semantics, glossary, rhetoric, and the second aspect: that this article is applied materials; Because the student in it applies and employs what he learned from the rules of Arabic sciences he studied.
The nature of the research required that it be divided into six demands, so the first demand was the emergence of the science of the analysis of the Qur’anic text, the second demand is its definition and clarification of its subject, the third demand is its importance, the fourth demand is its conditions, the fifth demand is its rules, and the sixth demand is its levels, preceded by this introduction and devours a conclusion, and God I ask that May God grant us success in serving his dear book. He is Hamid Mujib.

Attribution is adding something to others in terms of the meaning of appending the aggravating yaa broken before the last one added to it، and it is equal in that of the parents، and there is a set of formulas that come to the lineage according to the context in which it was mentioned، and this usage was mentioned in the Holy Qur’an in seven formulas: 1- feeal (one word in five generous verses)2-faeil in 16 words 3- faeyl Four words in several verses 4 - mufeil; Two words in several verses 5-munfaeil (one word) 6mafewl of three words in several verses 7-mifeal of two words in several verses. She studied these formulas and their significance for lineage in the Noble Qur’an، using what was reported on the Arabs and the sayings of previous scholars.
The study aims at describingnon yaaproportions are revealed in the Noble Qur’an، verified in certain weights when they are found in special contexts، after studying the context and its significance.
Research Methodology:
The search was divided into seven headings; Each title contained weight of the weights that denote the proportions other than yaa، based on the Qur'anic significance derived from the Qur’anic understanding، which seeks the opinions of interpreters، linguists، dictionaries، and literature related to the Qur'an.
The most important results
(Zhallam) is a powerful feeal): this weight is always due to exaggeration، but the first thing to say is: (Zhallam) did not refer to it in the Holy Qur’an as an exaggeration in injustice but rather an attribution of injustice.
(faeil، and mafewl، and mufeil) In some verses the general meaning of the verse suggests the arrival of the verb faeil، and mufeil) in the sense of the verb name، and the verb (mafewl) in the sense of the verb's name، so they gave it as a matter of descent.
(faeyl، and munfaeil، and mifeal) Some words have been answered by it، and some interpreters and linguists have passed on the meaning of lineage، and the first was that the meaning of lineage was not said.

The present study is an extract from an MA dissertation entitled “A Pragmatic Study of the Language of Deception in Marketing Discourse”. Deception is one of the characteristics of human species. This is also true about language and language use in marketing discourse. The language of deception is an interesting subject in academics such as law, marketing and politics. There have been manyrese arches on the marketing discourse especially on the persuasion part of the discourse. Also, there have been studies on the language of advertising and marketing. Nevertheless, a pragmatic study of the language of deception in marketing discourse is not widespread especially studying the promotional aspects of deception in the fields of social media such as posts of Facebook, Twitter and YouTube Videos.
The use of social media is increasing and this may result in an increase of deceptive language as well. Therefore, it is important to address this issue. One of the ways of dealing with it is concentrating on the communicative aspects of it. The speech act theory of Searle is used to analyse the corpus.
The research starts with providing literature of marketing, persuasion, deception and it continues on explaining how speech acts used in those contexts. The collected data analysed are authentic taken from Facebook, Twitter and YouTube. The findings show that marketers apply mostly assertive speech acts to persuade and also avoid commitment. Also the use of commissive speech acts are not promising or guaranteeing, however it sounds promising but they can be denied.The paper concludes that speech act studies can be used to addressee deception in marketing discourse.

Remote sensing datasets provide a massive amount of information that is difficult to deal with using traditional methods. Thus، modern techniques are necessary to be usedwith such information and data. Toolsets provided by GIS to management and analysis this data to gain better results to be used in various fields of planning، research and others.
This study is compering between the classification methods of remotely sensed data. There are
severalways of classifications that can be applied using GIS، where the study dealt with the main methods of digital classification (both methods: "supervised and unsupervised)and visual classification.
The results showed that each method was characterized by some certain advantages making it better than other methods in some aspects، as the numerical classification is more accurate in distinguishing large-scale phenomena. Whereas، the visual classification is having a better accuracy in identifying small-scale phenomena.
The study also found the possibility of using the Arc GIS software to manage and display the
results of the two classifications، as well as the possibilities of controlling the color ramp of the items
resulting from the two classifications process to distinguish them، as well as conducting measurements and other cartographic treatments and outputting the results by various cartographic methods from maps، reports، tables and graphs.

Documents are of different forms and types of nations memory and the basic tool in proving the rights and the main sauce of scientific and historical research, so the concern for keeping it is one of the providing the right conditions for consecration protection maintenance broadcasting and delivery to beneficiates through the means and techniques used over time in order to sari copies of these documents the most important ones are microphotography and preservation in electronic and digital formats which offers greasy possibilities in conservation especially in reducing the place of preservation and delivering data and information to the ben efficacy, the purpose of this study is to document preservation, and know the activities practiced by the administration the preservation of documents and to identify the shortcomings and problems the face and the extent to which this affects the performance .

This research is concerned with studying Islamic decorative Patterns and their reflection in Vasarelypaintings. The research was divided into four chapters. The first chapter was devoted to explaining the research problem، its importance، need،purpose، and limitations، and defining terms contained therein. The research problem dealt with the topic of studying Islamic decorative Patterns and their reflection in (Vasarely)paintings Which is summarized by the following question: How was the influential vision of the artist (Vasarely) in Islamic art formed، and what distinguished the artistic reflection in his paintings? What is the reflection of the coordination and aesthetic that witnessed through his artistic paintings? The second chapter included two topics، the first concerned with (an introduction in the decorative Patterns of Islamic art)، and the second concerned with (coordinate transformations in European art) This chapter included a presentation of the theoretical framework indicators and previous studies، and the third chapter included research procedures، while the fourth chapter focused on the results and conclusions of the research
Firstly: the results
1- Vasarely paintings in its references depended on sequential Islamic decorative Patterns through the sequential decorative pattern similar to the Islamic decoration pattern in terms of the repetition of circular motifs and the use of these forms، through its visual impact affected by Islamic decoration and behind visual forms bearing connotations from the human depth of art.
2- (Vasarely) borrowed in his artistic treatments some of his paintings drawn forms or symmetries from the works of art of Islamic civilization، which gives the figure a wonderful circular pattern with a regular circular rhythm indicating its close association with Islamic civilization and decorative art، relying on the distortion in space and away from the traditional perspective to draw from it What renews his artistic and aesthetic vision.
Secondly: the conclusions.
1- That the artist (Vasarely) was influenced in his paintings by Islamic arts، because he found in them a source of inspiration for the human self، so he sought life، reduced to form and excluding everything that surrounds reality directly.
2-The vision of (Vasarely) revolves around the creation of forms، configurations، and artistic treatments in imagined subjective worlds that are far from simulation and are the essence of awakening surprise to the recipient when reading artwork in a new formulation of art in treatments with multiple formats.

Current research means study " Theoretical ethics represented in baroque drawings" It is located in four Chapteres، The first is devoted to illustrating the research problem which was determined by the following question: How Theoretical ethics were represented in Baroque drawings? The importance of the research was manifested in determining the mechanism of operating the concept of theoretical ethics، intellectually and Exercise، within the scope of the Baroque drawings in light of philosophical conceptual and explanatory، The study aimed to: Identify Theoretical ethics represented in baroque drawings، As for the limits of the research the Objectivity، temporal and spatial، they included studying and analyzing pictorial works (Oil painting) in Europe for the period (1600-1750 AD)، Also has been reviewed and discussed The terms mentioned in the research، As for the second chapter dealt with the theoretical framework and in two topics The first is The concept of moral and theoretical ethics in philosophy and art، The second: Baroque art concepts and applications، As well as extracting and discussing indicators to be used in formulating the research tool، As for the third chapter it included the research procedures، Chapter four contained the results of the research، conclusions، recommendations، and proposals، Among the most important results reached by the the research are:1- Baroque came to live with people، Besides religious and palatial issues Pictures of the subjects of society، emphasizing the spreading of humility and the spreading of the spirit of altruism، that the individual is for the sake of the community and that the will and the mind are among the assets of the afterlife and there is no way in this world except for the virtues to obtain eternal happiness as in the sample (5،4،3،2،1). 2- The Baroque dynamism has taken the element of surprise and disavowal of the rules of the Renaissance style in creating new visions that seek a transcendent dialectic and to achieve a metaphysical horizon that seeks through its wisdom and virtues to win eternal happiness and that it seeks to do rather than retrograde.

Public expenditures became a financial tool that plays important and varied roles in the life of the state in its various political، economic، social and other aspects، by which the state intervenes to bring about the necessary improvements and developments in these areas; its role is not limited to the internal scope of the state، but rather extends it to the external domain، through the performance of its duties and obligations The financial necessity for belonging to the international and humanitarian community on the one hand، and on the other hand، the monetary characteristic of public expenditures necessitates precision and a comprehensive future view of the national economy in the scope of its current course of action and what it should be in the pain It will be accepted according to the economic and development policy that the state seeks to achieve، benefiting from the results of previous experiences، as public expenditures through expansion or narrowing in it can contribute to addressing several economic and social phenomena such as inflation and recession، and others، and that the type of public expenditures in terms of being expenditures Real or transformative results in generating new income for individuals and projects or maintaining that entry while reducing class differences between groups of society in order to prevent the accumulation of wealth for certain groups on the one hand and improving the standard of living for other groups with limited incomes on the other. In this study، we have tried to shed light on the great economic and social role of public expenditures in part، which is their role in distribution.

The Humanitarian International law includes cognitive and human rules that impose obligations not only on the disputed countries participating into international armed disputes, because the development that has appeared to the international law, made these obligations to also impose on states that did not participate into the international armed , where the rules of neutrality are present on countries that are not parties to the armed conflict to avoid interference into those conflicts by supporting one of the parties to the conflict at my expense of the other, The article No. (1) shared between the four Geneva Conventions in the year 1949 is the legal obligation to respect these agreements and ensuring their respect in all circumstances, especially the responsibility of countries that did not participate into the armed conflict to work to ensure compliance with the Geneva Conventions on part of the disputed countries.

Constitutions, no matter how detailed and codifying large number of constitutional principles and rules, are sometimes liable to legislative failure and inattention in some matters. In this regard, this study deals with the concept of constitutional inattention, the possibility of its occurrence, and the means by which it can be avoided or treated by enacting basic laws by the parliament. The study also highlights the areas of constitutional inattention observed in the Iraqi constitution of 2005, in relation to the organization of the parliamentary government with a proposal for possible legislative remedies for these gaps.

“Rules Refinement” is considered one of the most important books of the Shiite hadiths, which has been accepted by all Shiite jurists. It includes narrations (hadiths) in jurisprudence and legal rulings narrated by Prophet Muhammad’s Progeny (peace be upon them). Sheikh Al-Tousi has explained in this book، the compelling book of Sheikh Al-Mufid.
Sheikh Al-Tusi was not exposed in this book to the research of the origins of beliefs، and he was satisfied with researching the branches and rulings from the beginning of jurisprudence, which is the book of purity to the end, which is the book of blood money. Book titles were arranged in disguised book order. The evidence that Sheikh Tusi relies on in this book is inspired by the Holy Qur’an (the apparent text، text، content، Quranic evidence or meaning)، deterministic hadiths (such as frequent news، news that contains definitive proofs of its authenticity) and the consensus of Muslims، or the consensus of Shi'a scholars Finally، the most popular novels among friends. The sheikh also refers to contradictory narratives and shows the face of their combination، or the face of their weakness، such as the weakness of the bond or the work of the companions on the contrary. This book includes 393 chapters and 13590 hadiths.

The study aims to reveal the effectiveness of a selective counseling program for positive psychological support to reduce Cyberbullying among secondary school students in Babylon Governorate. It is applied to a sample of (60) secondary school students in Babylon governorate with an average age of (16.5) years old and a standard deviation of (2.87) years. The semi-experimental approach was used, and Cyberbullying measure is applied, as well as the selective pilot program. The study has found that the the selective counseling program based on positive psychological support to reduce Cyberbullying among secondary school students in Babylon Governorate is effective, as it has found statistically significant differences between the pre and post application of the study in favor of post application.

Functional learning of language / functional grammar (model)
Language is a means of communication that works to help the human to achieve intellectual communication, between him and the sons of his skin, and through it reflects the thoughts, feelings, desires, and needs, and new trends emerged in the study of language, and career trend is one of these important trends in Modern linguistic research after descriptive linguistics and obstetric linguistics.
Modern linguistics has been carefully studied in Arabic by researchers and academics. However, (educational linguistics) suffers from a lack of linguistic studies. Many of these studies are individualized and do not amount to being institutionalized to deal with the reality of learning and teaching Arabic, At the level of educational education, especially in career mode.
Morocco is the bridge through which the career style has spread to other Arab countries, such as Algeria, Tunisia and Iraq to varying degrees. Moroccan linguist Dr. (Ahmed Al-Mutawakil) is the pioneer in the field of transferring the theory of functional grammar into Arabic according to modern linguistics.
Functional language learning aims to: Develop the language abilities of the individual so that they can practice in their functional functions a correct practice.