Journal of the College of Education for Girls for Humanities

It is a linguistic treasure, a welcoming field and an authentic source of linguistic studies at different levels: acoustic, drainage, grammatical, and semantic, and because their differences in performance aspects made them enter the majority of the language doors of construction, installation and expression, they represent the most fertile field of linguistic study.
This research aims to study An important acoustic issue, which is instead of the fasting that chose qur'anic readings as its field, because it is a source of linguistic evidence because of its abundant flood of uses and various methods.
It is not hidden that the process of replacing one letter with another letter has a great effect in meaning and is interesting in the phenomenon of replacing a character in the place of another character, it is a process based on looking at the letter that is before or after the switch sometimes.
And if the sound kinship between the mutated silent and the silent replaced, pour into a galaxy that does not harmony the sound, the ease of pronunciation, and the economy of muscle exertion, and is an effect of the vocal language system

Words are extremely important in the rays that the Quranic context gives, and “Juz Amma” was revealed in the Meccan phase of the Islamic da'wah. And we find the words that correspond to a large extent what the ignorant people composed prior to the revelation of the Wise Remembrance through divine revelation, and they are also compatible, but sometimes they coincide with what in the Old and New Testament the making of images for scenes in the hereafter, and the state of this worldly life. Even those who did not know thought that the Qur’an had been taken from them. There is no harm in that. Because the source is one, God is the One Sunday, and all the divine books were issued by the lamp itself, and the difference of the Holy Qur’an is in the responsibility of the Almighty God in keeping it. The Holy Qur’an focused on the word, and its importance in context, He discussed what was said by a group of Arab scholars in distancing it from its importance, and they paid full attention to the context. He gave practical examples that proved the great influence of the word in directing the meaning, depending on the parts of that word such as verbs, nouns and letters, and each was placed in its correct position. The research showed that the research has not stopped and the opinions have not ended yet. It is not correct for scientific research to be about the opinion of a specific scientist or group of scientists. Choosing words without others is a genius from a creator, and a miracle from God, the Glorified and Exalted, for the Arabs were unable to keep pace with the Qur’an, even though the words in Juz Amma were few and the suras in it were short. However, it was chunky with rich meanings, and the images were vibrant and moving in depicting scenes in the hereafter, in addition to what it portrayed from social life in its various forms.

This paper deals with the ethical and political approach of Imam Ali, peace be upon him, through praise be to God, Lord of the worlds, and prayers and peace be upon the Master of the Messengers, our Prophet Muhammad, and upon his family, his words and sermons.
There is no doubt that speaking about the Imam, peace be upon him, is speaking about a person whose counterpart is less among the people, for he is the protector of the Messenger, may God’s prayers and peace be upon him, a contemporary of the message. Whoever wants to know Islam, let him look at the personality of Imam Ali, peace be upon him, for he is truly represented.
Imam Ali, peace be upon him, has gained great importance from historians and researchers in various knowledge and sciences, and this interest indicates the enormous impact he left in all areas of life.
His words were coupled with deeds, as he was a good example to those around him before his caliphate, and his succession and parish after the caliphate.
The Imam possessed of luminous thought, sharp acumen and sharp intelligence that he was able to convince people of what he said, reinforcing his words with compelling argument and common sense that are not hidden from the owners of correct minds.
The Imam was keen on the goodness of his society according to foundations drawn from the true Islamic religion. He provided his advice and guidance purely for the sake of God Almighty.
The research was divided into two parts. In the first part, I dealt with the approach of the political imam and his long-term policy, which was an integrated constitution suitable for the policy of different countries. The personality of the ruler and his relationship with the parish, defining that relationship with restrictions, including equality between members of society, justice between them and respect for their humanity, as well as an appreciation of their circumstances and the weakness and need they are going through. To qualify him to be a judge, and it has been evident through research that Imam Ali, peace be upon him, used to rely on the administration of the state on commandments and messages that he addressed to the governors and dominated his messages to the governors of the moral and humanitarian character. The Imam, peace be upon him, left the commandments and directives that had a great impact on the history of thought Islamic political.

This research tries to read the speech (The Beginning) in a contemporary poetry blog, which is (The Sumerian Boy's Journey) by a contemporary Iraqi poet distinguished by a luxurious poetic and he is (AJWad Majbal ) the best quality. After that, it is considered as the official aesthetic announcement of the birth of the text, and this speech constituted a detailed bet from the bets of modernization for the poet, One of the most important pillars of renewal in his contemporary vertical poem was through the reproduction of heritage by mechanisms of modernity, and among those mechanisms is activating the function (beginning) and tightening its creation, and this contributed to creating the identity of the new vertical poem for the poet, and achieving its specificity, and it was separated by that of its past form, And its old constraint, and it gained a new artistic atmosphere.

The poetic image is the subject of our research, especially the borrowed image. Rahman Gherkan is a model (the minaret of prophecy) and it includes five minarets of poetry ... And we tried to read his poetic creativity through four topics, namely:
photography by borrowing, photography by express metaphor,
and then photography by metaphor, and finally photography by
metaphor.

After passing through this fast tour about the authenticity of Al-Sahabi's opinion and Shatby's opinion on the subject, the research findings can be summarized as follows:
1. What Al-Shatbi and other scholars of the four schools of thought adopted, which is to say that the Sunnah of the Sahaabi is valid, was not based on scientific evidence .
2. What Shati said of the evidence was not successful in the adoption, but was a reference to the praises of the Companions and praise them and this does not require saying the authoritative words .
3. To say that the Sahaabah is authentic and that they are legislators, it is necessary to say that they are disobedient .
4. The legislation of the provisions can not be left to ordinary people do not have the divine qualifications found in the prophets and messengers and peace be upon them .
5. The evidence presented by Shatby, some of them general, covers all the Islamic nation. It is necessary to say that all the Islamic nation, by its people, is legislators, and this is impossible .
6. The difference and contradiction found in the biography of the Sahaabah and their differences in one ruling rejects what was adopted by Shati and others .
Therefore, this claim can not be accepted because it lacks solid scientific evidence , Therefore, this statement requires the intervention of all Muslims in the legislation of the rulings. Therefore, the need to send the messengers and prophets is no longer necessary, but rather it is left to the people .

This study includes ''the Affiliation of the tribe in the Arabs before Islam and its impact in shubh Aljazeera Alarabia community''.
The Arab citizen before Islam was careful linked with his tribe because it was the nature of the Arab community at that time was a cubic society, the tribal life was based on family relations, blood and the loyalty to the tribe as aresult of the ground capacity, a hard nature, adifficulty of transportation and proliferation of primitive life, there was no government system as tempood in cities.
The subject of this study focuses on the factors of the tribe in a community of shubh Aljazeera AlArabia like: (Aunity of the tribe, the appearance of the prominent and famous persons the pride of the persons with their tribes the force of the tribe and its prestige between the tribes, the religion of tribe and the tribal fortune.
This study also inclides the manner of the person in his tribe and his family and his social stauts amony them.
This study also includes the prestige of the tribe other tribes and how this is reflected it citizens.
This study was depended on acollection of an ancient Arabian sorces and amodern secondary refrences like:-
(AlOkd Alfareed) book by: Ibn Abdurabah (Al Aghany) book by: Abo Alfarag AlAsfahany.
(Al Mufasal fi tareekh Alarab Qabl AlIslam) by: Dr. Jawad Ali …….. etc.
The conclusion included the most important results of the researcher.

This paper aims to shed light on the philosophic logical human‘s contributions that are considered important sciences and the focus of the people‘s concern for ages. Human existence could be explained through the creation theory; this philosophy is found in each member but in different degrees as well as its different subjects in societies.
The humans realized the importance of the wisdom science for a long time such as the Muslim scientist, Ibn Radhwan (453 A.H-1061 AD,(as we mentioned where it was firs emerged and spread ,and how it faced difficulties and criticism in addition to the problems of how hard to understand it well this is a proof of Ibn Radhwan‘s intelligence who read a lot of philosophic logical books especially Greek ones, he lived under the reign of The Fatimia state that encouraged sciences and knowledge.
Ibn Radhwan benefitted from the cultural foundations such as mosques and libraries that were constructed by the Fatimia state. Ibn Radhwan was known by his intellectual potentials and care in giving ideas especially in the philosophic logical arguments which were full of benefit as well as his balanced methodology depending on wide experience and knowledge acquired from his acquaintance with lots of wisdom books in general. Ibn Radhwan has left us very important books in wisdom sciences as well his medical and astronomic books.

The absence of Imam XII "Imam Mahdi" is one of the most important issues inherent in the history of Islamic thought, and the most controversial issues in the modern era, although it is the subject of agreement between the majority of Islamic doctrines and groups, and at the same time contained other heavenly religions (Judaism and Christianity) as well as positivist religions but came up with different words and terms such as savior or Savior.
However, the Shia and Imami narrative groups in particular dealt with the topic at length and did not reach the limit of length only, but exceeded the usual frequency, because it is one of the main pillars of the forward-thinking, so it was necessary to study the topic at different angles and devote surveys and not narrative, in order to clearly understand the early Imami, in addition to a high understanding of doctrine, unless there is. An analytical study of precise and fundamental details of Shiites in general and the early Imamate in particular.
From here we see analysis based on parts of the doctrine without taking into account the doctrine as a whole at a given time can only lead to theses founded on part of the whole. These theses therefore risk breaking away from other aspects of the doctrine, which remain forgotten or unremarkable. In order to
gain a full understanding of the basic details of the doctrine, each of its underlying and interrelationships must be analyzed. At the same time, it must be recognized that in these details lies the whole that must be understood before understanding its constituent elements all the dogmatic qualities, and all technical terms and ideas can be seen through these lenses, because the dogma is an attempt to give a clear and understandable expression to the Shia faith.
It is very self-evident that the doctrines were not written in quiet periods of history but in those moments of historical intensity when the conversion was engaged by his enemies from the outside, or when his message or life was compromised from the inside. This does not mean that the doctrine is merely a product of external forces pushing on the funeral without conflict or within it, it could be the company's doctrines even if there weren't a fad, ideas and misleading during the early centuries, even if there were no internal disagreements about the content of beliefs. However, the Shia faith of its own volition comes to a kind of clear expression even if there are no internal disagreements about the content of many doctrinal axioms and their role in Shia society and on the intellectual scale.
The importance of the topic of research, which will be limited to the study of an important and accurate stage of the history of the Shia Imamate and its connection with many details of the life of Abu Sahl al nubakhti (237-311 ah), who modernized this period, the era of the minor ghaybah (), called the era of "hayrah" (), and extended to the middle of the fourth century

This research shows an unknown aspect of Palmerston's interior policy in Britain during the Victorian era. Palmerston was known for his prominence in the field of foreign affairs by taking over the Ministry of Foreign Affairs for multiple times and then being prime minister, but this research comes to show his opinions and attitudes about Britian's interior affairs during the same time period. Palmerston had clear and important fingerprints in the interior affairs of Britain, and his positions contributed to solving the major crises inside the country, and avoiding falling into political chaos as he feared that the infectious effects of revolution could reach the British people and threat the security, safety and stability of the country. He worked "all his life" to prevent Britain from falling into chaos by adopting a policy of compromise and not allowing the country be dragged into the unknown, as he did during the crisis of parliamentary reforms and during the revolutions of . At a time when he was practicing a liberal policy abroad towards other European countries, he was a dictator at home because the interest of his country requires such kind of dictatorship from his point of view

The presence of women at the top of the pyramid of the Fatimid state has an extension in its original homeland, that is, before the conquest of Egypt in the year (358 AH / 969 AD) and the construction of Cairo as a new capital of the Fatimid state, but on the external level, women were able to conclude treaties International, and I do not forget the role of the Fatimid women and its effect in spreading the Fatimid da`wa, as well as the great impact in the field of urban renaissance. King) The daughter of Al-Aziz in God in succession of her brother who ruled by the command of God and the daughter of Al-Zahir to cherish the religion of God.

Cyrus is considered a prominent man in human history as the founder of the Persian Empire. The exact boundaries of his conquests are not known, but his empires extended from India in the east to the Aegean Sea in the west. These lands had a measure of political independence as they were ruled by local rulers who assumed full responsibility for the administration, legislation and cultural activities of each province.
Not much known about Cyrus' personal beliefs, but the Greek historian Xenophon informed us that in the matter of religious matters he followed the instructions of the Magi in his court, although this was not agreed upon by the Historians, some of them see that he is a Zoroastrian and that he therefore followed his predecessors with a reference to the altars of fire and the shrine in Pasargadae which are indicative of Zoroastrian practices.
The Cyrus Cylinder, discovered at the site of Babylon in 1878 CE, is considered the first universal declaration of human rights, engraved in Akkadian cuneiform script. It includes a detailed account of the invasion of Babylon in 539 BC and his humane treatment of his subjects, through which it was widely known that he allowed the exiled Jews to return to Jerusalem to rebuild the Temple of the God

The main objective of this study was to highlight the effects of urban growth on the urban environment of the study area. The factors of growth were discussed in the urban growth witnessed by the city through the variables (population size and urban growth during the period from 1977 – 2017(.
In order to achieve this goal، the population and urban growth of Najaf city was studied and the impact of this change on the reality of services available in urban land uses. The study also examined the morphological stages of the city of Najaf. The study used the descriptive and analytical method and used the field study which included government institutions related to services، On the use of information systems in cartography، library resources and research messages.

Jean Baudrillard is a nihilistic philosopher who tries to destroy everything. Because he believes that we live in a world of “simulation” and “falsification,” not in a world of reality that our blind eyes do not see to be replaced by another world that simulates this reality, dominated by worlds: cinema, television, Disneyland, news channels, pseudo-politics, and others.
Nevertheless, his position on terrorism deserves to be recorded, due to its influence on contemporary philosophical thought, and its presentation of concepts that opened new horizons of knowledge in the analysis of the terrorist phenomenon.
This paper seeks to understand his thoughts on the concept of terrorism, his interpretation of this phenomenon, and the hypotheses he presented. Through seven sections after this introduction, I dealt with the concept of terrorism in general, the most important definitions presented to it by institutions and researchers, and then the concept of terrorism for Baudrillard. The research tended to analyze the relationship between globalization and terrorism from Baudrillard's point of view, then his analysis of the phenomenon of terrorism on September 11, 2001 that he lived and provided an explanation for, the role of the media in the manufacture of terrorism and the visions it provided for this role and its effects. The research ended with a brief conclusion.

The constitutional judiciary established in the United States of America. Judges in the United States, both those who exercise the function of the constitutional judiciary and those who exercise other fields in the American judiciary, shall hold their job for life according to the text of the constitution. The founding fathers of the United States justified this approach by the weakness of the judiciary in the face of the legislative and executive authorities, the need to strengthen the independence of the judiciary from these two authorities, and the difficulty in obtaining professional judges. There is root by the philosophers who theorized for the principle of separation of powers, especially Montesquieu, for the opinion that the judicial authority is weak, and the importance of the legislative and executive authorities compared to the judicial authority. The scope of work of a constitutional judge is the constitutional document that establishes public authorities and defines their competences, as well as their relationship with each other, and their relationship with people. This function has a political aspect that cannot be denied, and the practical reality of the constitutional judiciary has proven its existence, and rather its tyranny in some periods of the history of the constitutional judiciary, as this study has made clear, so how can an authority carry out work of a political nature that has a clear and explicit effect on the activity of public authorities, despite that Its members remain occupying their positions for life and impose their political opinions and ideological beliefs on authorities whose members change from time to time according to the convictions of the voters? Despite the negative aspects of the practical application of the approach of appointment for life, which led to its non-application by the countries of the constitutional judiciary, however, Iraq in the Federal Supreme Court Law applied the American approach, despite its disadvantages, and despite the practical reality in Iraq proved the tyranny of the political side of the work of the Federal Supreme Court, especially in cases they are mentioned in this study. This approach by the Iraqi legislator is surprising. This study focused light on the negative effects of this approach, which are incompatible with the principles of democracy and the foundations\' state of the law. As, how can we talk about democracy and the state of law, if constitutional judges are appointed for life, and it is their work that influences the work of other public authorities and sometimes controls them, while other public authorities change their members periodically according to the desire of the voters. Based on the foregoing, this study recommended the Iraqi legislator to change this approach and achieve the goal of applying it by other ways, which is to appoint to the constitutional judiciary for one time only without renewal and to grant remunerative privileges to the retired judge financially and socially and preventing him from practicing political and social work after retirement. The increase in the population and the development of the educational level have made it possible to overcome the justification for the lack of professional cadres for judicial work.

The aim of the current research is to Comparison between the Peers Teaching Strategy and the Usual Method in Teaching the Subject of Perspective for Female Students Institute of Fine Arts .In order to achieve the aim of the present study, the researchers put a zero hypothesis that there is no difference of statistical significance at a (0.05) level between two achievement means of two groups of female students of the Fine Arts Institute for Girls. The first group studied the subject of Perspective according to peers teaching strategy and the other group studied the same subject according to the traditional method.
The current study population consists of second stage female students in Fine Arts Institute for Girls/ Directorate of Education in Al-Najaf Al-Ashraf, academic year (2017-2018). Their number amounts to (51) students. The random sample comes to (30) female students. Divided by(15) students of the experimental group and (15) students of the control group. The researchers have set the variables related to the results of the achievement, such as: teacher; scientific material; age.
Through applying the experiment and via using T-test to compare the two groups, results have shown that the experimental group, which studied the subject of Perspective according to the peers teaching strategy, surpassed the control group which studied the same subject according to the traditional method at a level of (0.05).

The aim of the present paper is two-fold. First, it tries to propose a comprehensive and large-scale classification of modality expressions in Arabic by analyzing a great amount of data. Second, it uses the proposed classification to test the hypothesis that translated news from English into Arabic tends to use deontic modality expressions more frequently than originally Arabic one does. For the second objective, news from two leading Arab-world-wide news satellite channels, namely BBC Arabic and Al-Arabiya were analyzed. It came out clearly that BBC Arabic channel uses deontic modality expressions more frequently than Al-Arabiya. The latter channel draws more on assertions and on epistemic modality expressions.