Ibn Al-Haitham Journal For Pure and Applied Sciences

The present research was conducted to determine the effect of Cadmium Chlori de on the t stes and epididymis of white mice fed with diffl rent concentration (75, 1 00 150 ppm) of this hea y metal for three, ix and nine days. The r ults showed that cadm i um chloride caused s vera! histopathalogical change in testes and epidid mis in luding deg neration and cell necrosis in addition to the appearanc of haemorrhage and o dema in the tissues . It was clear that the effect increased in r lation with the concentration and the treatment period

The a i m of the present study is to shed some light on the

imm u nol ogica l effect of so lub l e protei ns extracted from Proteu mirabilis th rough em ployi ng t he level of the en zy mati c activity of Superoxide Dismutase,SOD.

The olublc proteins·Sp I and Sp2,were extracted by usi ng th e lysosyme enzyme .The rabbits were divided into three groups ,the fir t one was injected with Spl, the second with Sp2 for four weeks a nd the th ird one was the control group.

The results reveal ed tha t enzymatic activ i ty of Superox ide

Dismutase,SOD was sign ificantly increased in the fi ft h weekes of injection with S p I com pa red with contro l group.Th e sam e effects of the Sp2 were obser ed in specific enzymatic activ i ty of Su peroxide Dismutase,SOO.Therfore,the extracted soluble proteins had an effect on the innate immune respon e of the rabbits.

During the period from September 1999 till August 2000, a

tota l of 194 catfish Silurus triostegus were collected from Garmat Ali river, orth of Basrah city. Heavy infestation with Ergasilus ogawai was recorded on the gills of S. triostegus with an incidence of infection approaching 98.9% while the average intensity of infection was 417. The highest intensity recorded was 1985.

The size of parasites and the shape of its cephalothorax and ovaries changed according to the age. The monthly observations on egg production indicated multibreeding with two main breeding seasons: spring and autumn. Preliminary laboratory study revealed the yield of nauplius I and nauplius II larval stages from hatching of eggs in petri dishes. This copepod pierces its claws in the gill filaments of the host. It feeds on blood, gill tissues and body fluids

The effect of different doses (75,100,150 ppm) and periods of

treatment (3,6,9 days) on the spermatognic cells in white mice was studied. It was found that there was a significant decrease (P<0.05) in the percentage of spermatogonia specially in concentration 1 00 and

150 ppm lasted six and nine days and of primary spermatocytes at period of nine days. A significant decrease (P<0.05) was noticed in the percentages of secondary spermatoytes and spermatids, while the percentage of sperms illustrated a significant increase for all concentrations and treatment periods.

The aim of this research is to shed some light on the level of

serum total sialic acid (TSA) in individuals with typhoid fever. The individuals were at age of (35-45) years old and (TSA) was measured by resorcinol reagents. The results showed significant reduction in (TSA) compared to control or normal individuals.

A sample of 168 tonsillitic subjects (93 males and 75 females), livin g in Baghdad was evaluated microbiologically. The patients had an age range of 3-35 years. Four bacterial species were isolated and identified. They were P-haemolyt ic Streptococcus ,(39.3%) Staphylococcus aureus,(23.8% )Haemophilus injluenzae (20.8% )and a-haemolytic Streptococcus. (16.1 %)Sex differences in the prevalency of these bacteria were observed. Lancefield grouping of P-haemolytic Streptococcus showed five sera-groups (A, B, D, G and Non-typable). The A group dominated the list (72.7%), followed by the B group (13.6%), while the others shared a similar frequency (4.5% ).

This research includes a detailed morphological description of

the Sarcophaga dialensis sp . nov . in Iraq . Many morphological characters are used in identification especially chaetotaxy and male genitalia .Locality records , data of collection and host plant were mentioned.

The electrical properties of thin film interdigital metal­

phthalocyanine - metal devices have been studied with regard to purity and electrode material . Devices utilising phthalocyanines ( H2 Pc ,

NiPc and CuPc) films with Au, Ag , Cu ' In and AI electrodes have been prepared with Pc layers fabricated from both as - supplied Pc powder and entrainer - subeimed material . The results indicate that

sublimed phthalocyanine with gold electrodes offers the best material

combination with regard to linearity , reversibility and reproducibility. Measurements of current temperature characteristics of phthalocyanines indicate that the impurity of the film have a major

influence on conduction mechanism.

Aim:- to show that not all survival curves without shoulder are not able to repair or have lost the ability for the accumulation of sublethal damage.

Background:- the shoulder of the survival curve is considered as a

region of accumulation of sublethal damage also as an indicator for cell capacity to repair. The size can be influenced by the change ofthe slope of the linear portion of the survival curve.

Results:- we have shown that a survival curve with shoulder size of

1.5 Gy can be a straight line when the slope of the exponential part is changed so the same region of the low dose of the same survival fraction can show shoulder at one time and with no shoulder at another.

Conclusion:- we have shown that in some cases cell survival curve

could Jose its shoulder without the necessity of losing its capacity for repair.

Some specific factors that cause the kinetic compensation effect

during the decomposition CaC03 are identified. The role of the C02 equilibrium pressure is examined in relation to the kinetic compensation effect. This investigation also shows why non - iso thermal experiments have some time necessarily to yield value of activation energy different from the value obtained from isothermal experiments

A study on liquid- liquid extraction of Iron (III) in Benzene has been made. The effect of different parameters such as type of medium and time of equilibration, concentration of metal ion, type of organic solvent, and effect of cations on distribution ratio of Iron (III). Has been studies the stoichiometry of the extracted species determined using slope analysis method and found to be (M:L) (1 :3).

In this study, 20 patients were selected having renal failure .10 patients were hemo& 10 peritoneal dialysis procedure. Patients had been given r HuEPO subcutaneous with supplement of Iron dextran after di alysis . Hemoglobin Hb concentration Hematocrit(Hct),serum I ron ,total Iron binding capacity, transferrin saturation percent Ts%

& Serum ferritin were measured. Non significant changes in hemoglobin, hematocrit, serum Iron ,totallron binding capacity

,transferrin saturation but a significant difference in serum ferritin was found ,this was a cribed to :

1- The blood lost i n the peritoneal or hemodialysis for access .

2- Some patients had been given blood to treat anemia or given

Iron supplements which leads to Iron overload.

Total protein and total fucose were determined in sera of thyroid

disorder patients.

Sera of (40) diagnosed by consultant hyperthyroidism, and 40 hypothyroidism were analyzed for the above parameter for control, sera of (40) normal individuals were used.

They were healthy with no appearing disorder results analysis revealed no significant differences (P<0.05) in the (mean ±SD) of total protein values in sera of hyper and hypothyroidism were compared with normal control, also no significant difference was found between hyper and hypothyroidism themselves.

Total fucose revealed a significant decrease in the (mean± SD) values in sera of hyper and hypothyroidism compared with normal healthy.

The adsorption of zirconium, on manganese dioxide from nitric

acid solutions has been studied as a function of shaking time, concentration of electrolytes, concentration of adsorbate and temperature effects (25- 90°C).

Four hours of shaking was appropriate to ensure that the

adsorption plateau was reached and the adsorption of zirconium decrease with an increase in nitric acid concentration. The limiting adsorption capacities at 3 molar nitric acid was 0.2 Zr per mole of Mn02. Working at elevated temperature was in favour of the adsorption phenomena.

Oxygen therapy (OT) is considered an essential process for

survival for the i nfants with bronchiolitis > However, it may reach the status of being harmful when using it for along beriod . We , here, attempted to shed a light on relations between oxygen therapy duration(OTD) and each of serum malondialdehyde (MDA) that is used as index for free radical generation , and serum albumin level , in infants with bronchiolitis . Our results confirmed that (OTD) from (1-48) hr. was non effective, while from 49 was very effective where a grave in crease in serum (MDA)level and a decrease in serum albumin concentration were observed during that time . The relation between age and serum albumin level proved that (OTD)plays an important role as a pathogenitic factor in infants aged (l-3)months

The study concentrated on measuring the lipid peroxidation marker malon di aldehyde (MDA) in sera of thirty five patients with minor Thalassemia (Tm), thirty five with major Thalassemia (TM) and thirty five healthy control, their age ranged from (17-30) years. Erythrocytes enzymes (Glutathione -S - transferase (GST )and Catalase) were assayed . The results showed a significant elevation in (MDA) in sera of both patient groups compared to control.

An increase in the activity of catalase and GST in erythrocytes of

minor Thalassemic patients compared to control was found to be significant. Also, a high significant increase in the activity of GST for major Thalassemic patients compared to minor Thalassemic patients and control was found. On the other hand, the catalase activi ty for major Thalassemic patients was found in compatible with that of the control group.

Gallium selective e lectrodes based on 12-crown-4 (12C4) and benzo-15-crown-5 (B15C5) and plasticizers dioctyl phenyl phosphonate (DOPP), dibutyl phosphate (DBP), dibutyl phthalate (DBPH) in PVC matrix membranes are constructed. Specific properties of the electrodes are studied including calibration curve, slope detection limit, concentration range, response time and life tiMe as well as the effect of pH on electrode response. Interference for Li1 ,
Mg2+, Zn2+, Al 3 +, Cr3+ on electrode respons.e have been also
investigated. The polymetic liquid membrane electrode based on

12C4 using DBPH plasticizer exhibits the best over all performances as a gallium selective electrod e over a wide concentration range (l.O x l0-5 - 3.3x10-2 M) with Nemestian slope (20mV/decade). It has a relatively fast response time excellent detection limit (7x 1o-6M) and good durability (about 2 m onths). The electrode revealed a good
selectivity for Ga3
over a variety of other metal ions and could be
used in a pH range of 3.0-5.0. It was used as an indicator electrode in potentiometric titration of gallium ions.

To follow up the response of acute lymphoblastic leukemic

(ALL) patients to chemotherapy treatment and for prognosis, diagnosis, the total Sialic acid (TSA) levels was studied as a tumor marker. The study included 40 patients (male = 22, female =18) with (ALL) were tested for the serum and leukocytes homogenate concentrations of total sialic acid (TSA) before and after treatment with six different chemotherapy protocols. While significantly increased ( P< 0.001 ) as compared to the heal thy individuals group, serum and leukocytes homogenate TSA concentrations dropped significantly ( P
patients. A linear correlation relationship ( r2 = 0.951 4 ; r2 = 0.9451)

was found between TSA concentrations and the period of chemotherapy treatment in serum and leukocytes homogenate. A linear correlation relationship (r2 = 0.9965) could be found between percentage of serum total sialic acid and percentage of leukocytes

homogenate total sialic acid. The results of this study strongly support the role of TSA as a marker for the disease and suggest that it could be used for progression and prognosis of ALL patients, in addition we strongly suggest that there was a positive relationship between TSA level in serum and leukocytes.

Asthma is a disease characterized by hyper reactivity of the trachea and bronchi to reversible either spontaneously or as a result of treatment.
In this study serum magnesium, Zinc, and reduced glutathione levels
were meas ured in order to determine their levels in the asthmatic patients and comparing these levels with healthy controls.
Fifty- four asthmatic patients were enrolled in the study and had their pulmonary function test, and the levels of Mg,Zn, and GSH.
Serum magnesium and serum zinc were determined by using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer . While serum glutathione was determined by spectrophotometric analysis.
The asthmatic patients were divided into four groups according to the interpretation of the pulmonary function test : severe expiratory flow limitation, moderate expiratory flow limitation , slight expiratory flow limitation and normal lung values .
In this study, it was found that serum magnesium levels in severe cases of asthmatic patients were significantly lower than the healthy control population (0.92 ± 0.17mmol I L vs.l.O1 ± 0.19 mmol/L; (p<
0.05 )] while the other cases did not show any significant differences compared with the healthy control .
As for serum zinc levels, it was found that the slight cases of asthmatic patients were significantly higher than the healthy control [ 19.48 ± 1.93 fl mol/L vs. 17.01 ± 2.94 fl moi/L; (P<0.05 )]. However, the other cases did not show any significant differences compared with healthy control.
While serum glutathione levels in severe and slight cases of
asthmatic patients were lower than the healthy control. [2.08 ± 0.51
mmol/L vs. 2.42 ± 0.21 mmol/L; (P< 0.001), and 1.95 ±0.36 mmol/ L
2.42± 0.21 mmol/L; (P< O.Ol)],respectively.
It was found that there is a correlation between the severity of asthma as measured by pulmonary function test and levels of magnesium and glutathione levels, the more severe one showed low levels of magnesium and glutathione .

Many studies mentioned that there is a decline in the a achievement of intermediate second class students in mathematics . Parents and mathematics teachers had emphasized that . The studies related this decline to the students weak attitude towards mathematics .
In spite of the importance of this subject , it has not been given enough attention in research in our country . This research is an attempt to know th e relationships between the intermediate second class students , attitude and their achievement in mathematics .
Also, to know the statistical sign ificance of this relationship according to the gender factor .
To verify the research aims , a sample of ( 442) male and female st udents were chosen . The mean scores of their achievement in mathematics for the 1 51 semester of the academic year 2002-2003 were obtained from their schools . The students' attitude was measured by a scale that was approved by experts . To analyze the data statistically , the researcher used number of statistical means . The results showed that :-
1- There is a weak relationship between the students attitude towards mathematics and their achievements .
2- The positive relationship between students, attitude and their achievement among male st udents is better than female students .