Journal of International studies

Women rights and issues have a major significance in
Islam, intellectual studies, and researches.
Contemporary readings of these rights do not
call for a traditional approach which depends on
comparisons between the position of women before
and after Islam.It rather focuses on developing the
reviews of a hospitable regenerative Islamic approach
that is opened on the cultural outcomes created by
contemporary intellectual developments in human
and life issues.

Like many Arab countries and the countries of North Africa, Libya is subjected to
the tsunami of change which caused a major shift in the political history of Libya, that
was ruled by Colonel Muammar Gaddafi for nearly 42 years, and controlled by the
tribes who seized the political process and deprived most segments of society to
participate in political decision-making, as well as the individuality of Colonel
Muammar Gaddafi and the members of his tribe to govern and monopolize all the
privileges for his benefit and for his family.
This matter led to the deterioration of the political situation in the country, despite
Gaddafi\\'s attempts to make economic reforms through his announcement to return to
free economic system, and the adoption of the Green Charter for Human Rights. But
since these reforms have not given the Libyans their political and civil rights, a sense
of dissatisfaction with the nature of economic reforms that are promised by Gaddafi
and did not find the way for their implementation is generated.
Moreover, there were political incentives and social and economic motives within
Libyan society pushed the people to declare this revolution that is represented in
political suppression, differentiation, and economic deprivation which increased the
severity of the conflict between the regions of east and west Libya, and perhaps this
explains the cause of the revolution in the eastern regions of the country.
In fact, Gaddafi\\'s mistakes have a great impact on the escalating public opinion and
the opposition forces against him in the light of the crisis that witnessed by the
political regimes in the Arab region and the countries of North Africa, especially
Egypt and Tunisia, which led to the start of the Libyan revolution on February 17,2011, and raising international and regional reactions, particularly the African
countries because of their relationship with Colonel Muammar Gaddafi

The tendencies of the Turkish Foreign Policy after 2002 came in
the scope of \"Othmani New Ages\" based on the theory of \"Strategic
Depth\" that was formed by Dr. Ahmed Dawood Oglo and reflected first by
the rejection of Turkey to cooperate with Washington to invade Iraq in
2003, and then the similar Turkish situations were followed that assured
their positive intentions in spite of the three problems that accompanied it:
the problem of the Turkish Kurdistan Labor Party, the problem of
companies in Iraq, and water problem.
The research deals with these three directions and the ability of
Governments of the two countries, Turkey and Iraq, to comprehend these
problems and solve them by the mutual cooperation with more flexibility
and openness.

This research consists of three chapters and a conclusion. The first
chapter deals with the most important political challenges that face Iraq
because of water policies of some regional countries, which are: Turkey,Iran, and Israel. While the second chapter addresses the economic
challenges that face water sources in Iraq, which are the consequences of
Turkey’s embankment and reservoirs projects on Tigris and Euphrates.
These projects threaten Iraq’s water security. Chapter three deals with the
future of water security for Tigris and Euphrates that is subjected for two
prospects: either a conflict or cooperation between the interested sides.
The conclusion points out that water will be an effective element in
any future international strategy, as it will play a great role in the
redistribution of the map of the political powers in the region since these
countries are the new effective regional countries on the political and
economic levels. It is expected to use water as a commodity that is sold just
like oil, as it is expected also to have nutritious crises.

The foreign policy for any state works according to a rational and
scientific strategy that would recruit all resources to achieve the goals and
interests of the state.
This research reviews the concept of strategy and its importance for
foreign policy and discusses its kinds and patterns of change.
The research studies, also the new events that took-place in the
internal and external Iraqi environment after 2003, as Iraq has faced two
radical challenges: one is embodied in the American occupation, and the
second in the change of Iraqi political regime, from central regime into a
democratic federal regime. Therefore, Iraq must adopt a new strategy of
\"directive change\" with new goals and instruments to reach a successful
foreign policy.

Arab spring, a term that is called on the movements of protests and revolutions
that have taken placein the Arab region. They have succeeded in some Arab countries
to change the whole political system. But these revolutions and protest slack any
ideology which is an important factor in anyprocess of political change.This research
seeks to demonstrate the importance of the ideology for any process of political
change,and what results that would be resulted from using the ideology.

The struggle between the two shores of the Atlantic lies in resorting towards force in the world today. As Europe wants an international multipolar system controlled by the international law and the work of organizations, U.S.A wants to control the international system by setting the rules, preventing any resistance to its domination, and putting itself above international law, which it describes as restrictive to its policy.
As The United States feels that it led the Western world to victory in the Cold War, and after it seized the triangle sides of the international power which are: the military, economic, and the technological sides, it has become the only greatest Pole in the international arena. Therefore it is so hard for it to be equivalent with Europe.
Europeans lived during the Cold War in safety provided by U.S. nuclear umbrella that assumed their protection without any cost. Also, it helped Europe to renew and develop the means of production. It is important to mention that most of U.S.A's stress was directed to France and Germany, while Britain has saved itself early and allied with the United States.
Europe cannot be out of the Atlantic as long as the ruling political coalitions centered on controlling global capitalism, and thus it will continue the trans-Atlantic alliance to guarantee everyone's interests.

Now, there is a well- known fact that Europe has no means to compete with the United States and start racing for military superiority, as Europe has accepted the dominant role of the United States, conversely the U.S. has to maintain European interests there. On the other hand, it can be said that whenever the competition and the conflict reached, the interests would be intersected between the actors, as it would lead to the emergence of new polarizations against the dominant force.