Ibn Al-Haitham Journal For Pure and Applied Sciences

The study dealt with the effect o r the anticoagu l ant rodentici de Brcidi facom on the reproduction of male mus musculus trapped from d i ftcrent loculitieo of Uagltdad prov ince and ted with different doses (50

,75 ,100 mg) of pellets of this rodenticide. The results showed n significant decrease (p< 0.0 I ) in testicular weight and volume, epididymal ( head and tail) weight and numbers of different spermatogenic cells. The rodenticide caused a significant decrease in sperms concentration and a significant increase in dead and abnormal sperms in testes and epididymis

This srudy aimed to use a new concentration from l\!J3T (Nitroblue tetrazolium) which using NADH stain ( by used eight different concentrations from (0.2% to 0.06% ).

That stain is a mitochondrial and cytoplasmic histochemical stain which gi ves more infom1ation about the metabolic activity of muscle fiber, so it is valuable in determining the types of muscle fibers and good fiber differentiation type {T) and type (TT) fibers), by reducing NBT in the location of enzyme and gives a blue color in different degrees according to the types of muscle fibers, and we noticed that the concentration 0.1% from NBT gives a good result and different from the concentration 0.2% that was used before. Which meaus that we can use this low concentration fi'om NBT to stain a double samples from patient m uscle samples by using the same concentration that was used bef'ore .

This paper represent the second step i n a molecular clon i ng program ai ming to clone large DNA fi·agmen ts of the sal t tolerant bermudagrass (Cyrwdon dactylon L.) DNA usi ng the bacteriophage (EM13L3) as a vector.

In th is work, a yield of about I 00 g bacteriophage DNA per one liter culture.was obtained with.a purity ranging between (1.7-1.8). The vector JJNA v.as completely double digested with the restriction enzymes llamHI and EcoRI, followed by purification of vector arms. llacteriophage anns were also efficiently ligated with the partially digested bermudagrass DNA (prepared earlier). The optimum ligation

ratio or arms: inserts (EMBL3: bermudagrass) was found to be 4: I

respectively. The recombinant DNA was successfu lly in vitro packaged and plated on a P2 lysogen E. coli (strain N M539). An efficiency of about 1.3x I 06 pfu/ tg recombi l1311l ph age DNA was determined in these ex periments

A new test system for detecting environment carcinogenes and/or mutagenes and their adversary It has been induced. One hundred and fifty mutants were isolated from the basidiomycete fungus Coprinus cinereus which were resistant to guanine analogue S- az.aguanine .All the spontaneous and induced with UV light origin mutants were isolated from the wild type strains Bc9/6.6 and Hd5.5

.These mutants were te ted on selective medium containing different

concentrations of the analogue and also to their ability to usc purine bases and their degredated products as a sole nitrogene source were tested ; and their ability to grow on HAT medium was tested . According to the results obtained from these test; mutants were

classified into four phenotypic groups for each iJd -type strain .

All the 8-az.aguanine resistant mutants were d.ikaryotized with

compatible wild strains. The dikaryons produced were unable to grow on medium containing 8-az.aguanine which establish the recessiveness of the mutations to their respective wi ld-type alleles. Complementation test detcrmind four genes which controll the resi stance to 8- azaguaninc in Coprinus cincres .These genes were desi gnated azg-1, azg-2, azg'-3, azg-4.Three of these genes azg-1, azg-2 and azg'-4werc carried by Bc9/6.6 and Hl /5.5 mutants. While, azg-3 gene was found in Bc9/6.6 mutants only.

These genes are determ.ind for the first time in fungus coprinus cinereus .

Mutants which carry azg-1 gene were characterized by their inability to use hypozanthine and guanine as a sole nitrogen source in the

medium ; their failure to grow on HAT medium and their resistance

to all concentrations of 8- az.aguanine used.This gene is considered torepresent a mutation led to lose or modify the specificity of the enzyme hypoxauthine -guanine phosphoribosyl transferase (HGPRT) whi ch play an important role in transferring hypoxauthine and guanine to their nucleotides by salvage pathway.

Spore analysis indi cated that azg'-1 gene locted in linkage group II

,since it gave a distance of 28 map units with the mating type gene

B.

The assessment of the cytotoxic , mutagn ic and antimutagc•tic role of

the aqueous extract of garl ic (Allium sativum L.) against the genotoxic effect of mitomycin - C

( MMC ) evaluate the ability of the mutagen to induce mutation in

HGPRT gene by using the asexual spores (oidia )of Copninus cineraus for the strain AZG78 and by depending on the viabil ity and mutation rate in HGPRT gene test .To assess cytotoxity and mutagenecity of garlic extract , gradual concentrations were prepared . The concentration of choice was considered with respect to two factors ; high survi val rate and low mutagenic activity (similar to negative control ). To examine the antimutagenic effects of the extract, an interation was made between the crude extract and the mutagen MMC with respect to three kinds of treatments before , aOer and with mutagen . The study concentrated on two sides 1- on the toxic and /or m utagenic effect of the aqueous extract of garlic . 2 - Antimutagenic activity of the extract with respect to the mutageen MMC . However, this activity was dependent on the type of the treatment . The extract showed best antimutagenic activity when it was used before the mutagen , so itis considered as desmutagen to the genotox i c effects of MMC.

These data support the hypothesis that garlic compounds may be eflicacius in preventions of cancer and also we could use the HGPRT

gene as a sensitive biological system in detecting environmental mutagenes or carcinogens and their adversary .

The values of fmgerprint angles were studied in 57 females and 44 males from Najaf province in the m iddle of Iraq. Some results of tlus sample were compared with the results of Southern provinces sample from Iraq i population.

The rCS\tlts revealed that the mean of maximum fingerprint angle (MFA) and also the mean of absolute fingerprint angle (AFA) between samples in the studied provinces did nnt differ significantly. However, the unilateral analysis revealed only one significant diOerence in LS of the male samples (r-2.89, P
As lbr the compari son between sexes of the sampl e in N af province, the unilateral analysis revealed a significant difference in LS, but there wasn't a significant difference in (MFA). The bilateral analysis of Southern provinces sample showed significant differences in Rl and R3 as well as in (AFA).

The frequency distribution for (MFA) and (AFA) reveals that the males of Najaf sample have a narrow range in these two variables in comparison with the males of Southern provinces sample, whilst the female sample of Najaf province has a narrow range for (AFA) values only. Latter, a positive relationship was found between Pattern Intensity Index (PII), percentage of whorls and the AFA val ues.

This study shed the light on the importance of digital fingerprint angle values when analyzed at the level of separate fingers in detecting genetic variation betwee.n samples and sexes, but not at the level of summation the values of all fingers together.

The two i nsecticides Nogos and Sumicidin were tested for their activity against larvae and eggs of Culex pipiens under laboratory conditi on.

Third instar larvae were exposed for 24, 48 and 72. hrs to five concentrations each insecticide test: 0.0005, 0.005, 0.05, 0.5 and 1.0 ppm. The same concentrations were used to test the eggs hatching.

The results showed that Nogos was more effective than Sumicidin. This insecticide (Nogos) demonstrated larval mortal ities (94%) after

24 brs and (98%) aft.er 72 hrs at 1 .0 ppm while with Sumicidin, the larval mm1a lities were (53%) and (78%) after 24 hrs and 72 hrs respectively at the same concentrati on. The exposure of deposited eggs of C. pipiens lO 0.0005- 1.0 ppm of both insecticides revealed no noticeable ovicidal effects with Sumicidin, but with Nogos the (% hatching) was 65.66 atl.O ppm.

This research has been performed on the vegetative parts of the

Horsetail Equisetum arvense L. v.ilich grows naturally in Haj Umran , north of Iraq , to determine and estimate some active chemical compounds , besides studyi ng their inhi bitory effe(;tS upon some urinary tracts infections (UTI) bacteria through the

investigation on the inhibitory effects of water and ethanolic extracts of this plant .

The results revealed presr.:nr.:t: of some active chemical compounds such as: tannins, saponins, resins, flavonoids and glycosides. The ethanolic extracts has an inhibitory effect upon UTI bacteria (gram+ve & gram-vc) according to agar well

diffusion method. Proteus mirabi/is and Pseudomonas aeruginosa

were more sensitive than Staphylococcus aureus and Klebsiella spp.

Crude-colicin was extracted from g.coli isolated from urinary tract

infection patients. Toxicity of various concentrations of crudt: colicin

on the viability of immune cells [phagocytic ceUs(M0,PMN) and lymphocytes] was studied. Results indicated that toxicity ciTect of crude colicin is dependent on concentration. Low concentrations (I0,

25, 50 mg/ml) didn't have toxic effects, but when there was an increase in the consternation of this extract, the viability of the immune cell s began to decrease.

The integral breadth method has been utilized to analyse line

proIiles broadening and lattice strain of CaO at different temperatures

The effect of tcmperattre on crystallite size and strain has also been investigated . The crystall i tes are found to be highly anisotropic even at high temperatures

The com pton profiles for Ti02 have been measured using a SCi

Am-241 compton spectrometer .A pellet of the oxide was prepared from a polycrystalline powder having a thickness of 1.54 mm ,about J 00000 counts have been accumulated at the compton peak

.Theoreti cal compton profiles have been calculated for different ionic anangements using free atom compton profile for the core electrons.The theoretical and experimental results ahrce well for (Ti/4(0 .2 arrangement which support complete transfer of valence electrons from metal to oxygen ions, i.e., full ionic bonding in this oxide in agreement with available pbotoemission and other studies .

Flame thermal spray technique has been used to produce a cermets composite coating based on powders of ceramic oxides (

AhOJ) reinforced by mineral powders as bonding material ( Ni - AI ) at different rates on Inconel substrates , after preparing it by grit blasting.

After completing the best parameters of coating such as distance of spraying , surface roughness and angle of spraying , the tests of porosity , hardness , microstructure and thermal cycling have been made.

The experimental results show that all properties of coating were effected after heat treatment. The best value of heat treatmen t is at (I 000°C) for (l.Shr) in which the results show a good interface between layers with vel)' small pores.

Also we studied the effect of thermal cycl ing at high temperature for several times to see the effect of heati ng on the top surface of layer coating.

A design of a Fabry -Perot interferometer system was constructed

to determine the precise value of the wavelength which is required in spectml studies depending on varying medium pressure where the refractive index was a function of pressure at a constant distance between the two mirrors by using a Hc-Ne laser (632.8) tun as a coherent source .

The (fmee) (t) and the coefficient of finesses (F) and the visbility

of the fringes (V) has been calculated . Image processing \\•as used and its result can be relied on verifying the defects of the manuli1ctured lenses used in the optical instruments.

Tow results are proved. The first gives necessary and ullicient

conditions for a permutation group to have the prope1ty that each of its rational - valued character can be written as (integral) linear combination of characters induced from the principal characters of certain subgroup. The mher presents that this property is extendable to direct product of groups.

In this paper, first we refom1Ulated the finite element model

(FEM) into a neural network structure using a simple two - dimensional problem. The structure of this neural network is described

, followed by its application to solving the forward and inverse problems. This model is then extended to the general case and the advantages and di sadvantages of this approach are descri bed along with an analysis of the sensi tivity of the algorithm to errors in the measurements. Consider a typical boundary value problem with the

govern ing differential equation: Lcp = f, where L is a differential

operator, f is the forcing function and cp is the unknown quant ity. This

di fferential equation can be solved in conjunction wi th boundary conditi ons on the boundary r enclosing the domain. A commonly

used approach to solve this problem is to use the finite element approach.

A new compound 2-(4-methoxyphcnyl)-5-(4-aminophenyl)-1,3,4-

oxadiazole (VI) was prepared by intramol ecular condensation reaction followed by elimination of some simple moieties such as IhO and HCI by using POCI3 with acid hydrazide. A series of new Shiffs­

bases 2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-5-[4(4:alkoxybenzoyloxy) benzylidene amino phenyl] I,3,4-oxadia:t.ole (VII].was synthesized from treatment

of oxadiazole derivative [VI] with an appropriate aromatic aldehyde

(IU). Struct\lfe of the resulting products have been ascertaim:d by their melting pointS, elemental analysis ( some of them) and spectral data.

New complcxcof Cu (ll),Ni(ll) ,Co(ll), and Zn(ll) wi th 2- amino-5-p-Fiouro Phenyl 1,3,4-Thiadiazole have been synthesized . The products were isolated , studied and characterized by physical measurements, i.e., (Ff -IR) ,UV-Vis and the melting points were determined .The new Schiff base (L) has been used to prepare some complexes .The prepared complexes were identified and their tructural geometry were suggested.

The anthocyanin navonoid pigment isolated from lrdqi red radish peels (Raphanus Sativus L) was used as an acid - base indicator

with a pk equal 7.0 and pH equal (6-8). TI1e acidic water extract was successfully used instead of conventional litmus papers

The role of free radical generation and lipid peroxidation in most diseases as a scientific explanation for development and destractivc process in biological tissues is confirmed. In this study, an attempt to shed li ght on the possible rel ation between some biochemical parameters as a marker lor antioxidant in sera of (40)workers in the ticld of mercury was investigated. The workers were divided into two

gt-oups according to the_1>_eri odof occupati.On.

Group A Occupation period
C'TTOllj:) B - >10

GroupC Healthy control, non exposed to Hg

Some non- enzymatic anuox1dant were mvest•gated in sera of all subjects included in the study (i.e. vit A, Vit C, and Vit E) using HPLC technique, MDA was determined and used as a biochemical marker of LPO(Lipid Pcroxidiation) .

The results indicate lower levels of all vitamins in sera of workers compared to control group. An elevation of MDA was recorded in all workers compared with healthy contwls. The destructive role of free radicals to human organize was confirmed , also leads to imbalance between antioxidants and LPO due to mercury exposure which positively correlate with duration of industrial occupation.