ADAB AL-BASRAH

I have tried this research to reveal the mechanisms that come through which commentators felt Mutanabi to a particular understanding of the meaning inherent in the text, since the text is the product of writer, and drafted the language of its standards and rules, and influenced by the context in outside who produced it, we have seen through we look to the texts of commentators Mutanabi that commentators adopted these mechanisms, ie, the writer and the text and context to get to understand the Mutanabi hair, and it was their differences stemming from the dependence of these mechanisms.
Initiated a Portrait revealing the most important aspects of its own, which influenced the understanding of commentators for its provisions, then Arzina on their studies of the text in terms of him and his eloquence and its relationship to other texts, whether these texts of the poets of former era of Mutanabi or were these texts are the texts of the poet himself, and then we stood in the end, the external context and so on the grounds that the text is one of the secretions Mtaatbaan Alvhom its effect on hair, which produced about skill.

This paper calls for the necessity for treating and incorporating the constructions ‘far from’ in English and /ba?īdun ?an/ in Arabic as negative markers of the same quality as that of no, not, never, mā, lā, laysa, …etc. It presents sufficient evidence to the effect that these forms do share the same semantic denotation with the other negative markers of both languages as well as having some of the syntactic qualifications and properties that qualify an item to be considered as a negator.

Writing is a complex process which demands cognitive analysis and linguistic synthesis .It is even more complicated to write in a foreign language , and it takes considerable time and effort to become a skillful writer. Many studies indicate that for EFL students, there tends to be interference from their first language in the process of writing in English. The present study seeks to explore EFL learners' major writing difficulties by analyzing the nature and distribution of their writing errors and it also investigates whether there is a relationship between students' L1 and their writing in English .To fulfill the aims of the study , the researcher examined English writing samples of 80 EFL college students and then categorized the errors according to the following taxonomy: grammatical, lexical/ semantic, mechanics, and word order types of errors. Understanding linguistic differences between students' L1 and English may help the learners to reduce interference from their first language.

Language learners bring a variety of beliefs to the classroom. The study of learner's perceptions and beliefs of language learning thus constitutes an important area of inquiry. The present study explores the beliefs about language learning of EFL Iraqi learners at the university level. A total of ( 101 ) undergraduate students, majoring in English as a foreign language, participated in the study. The Horwitz BALLI questionnaire ( 1983, 1987, and 1988 ) was administered to the participants. When surveying the subjects' beliefs about the four language skills, findings revealed that despite the fact that they regarded reading and writing in English easier than speaking and listening, speaking for them is easier than listening comprehension. Other results expose erroneous beliefs held by those learners concerning depending on translation as a learning strategy and the importance of saying everything with correct pronunciation and grammar otherwise they would be embarrassed.

Nazik Al Malaika is one of greatest Iraqi or Arabic Poets because of her effect on imaging Poetry to become modern . She gawe Sadness multiple meanings through her poems and provided us with profound indicatives . She uses diversity Style in her poems , au of her Vocabularies of death , depression , great , and fear indicate the nature of grief in her poem .

Quranic vocabulary has many secrets as far as Linguistic , Style , and Context; these cannot be explored without accurate search and deep meditation . The stem `` se,le,me`` is one of these secrets in Holly Quran . If we regard it , we will find its letters carry the sing of healthy and safety , which is affirmed by Ibn Faris in his Linguistics Standards , when he put under deep linguistic observation that the derivation `` salam`` with high format of `` sen `` and lowering it , mentions in Quran with meaning of treaty and compromise , and `` selm `` with lowering the ``sen`` means peace , and ``saleem``is that who is healthy and carries no external or interior diseases , ``salam`` carries the meaning of greeting , which is one of Allah Names; the gerund ``muslim`` carries two meanings : first ; obey Allah totally ; and the second , carries the meaning of being Faith to Allah in worship . ``istisla``carries the meaning of prejudice and proud to worship Allah . All these meanings carry the healthy signs .From the other hand , the context has the clear influence in showing some signs , through correlation of linguistic context with social context , and the signal correlation among Quran Verses, and transforming in expression level of the mere meaning to sensitive meaning in addition to Quran Address`s influence in determining the context sign .

Britain's interest in the Middle East increased during the 19th. C and the 20th. C. for the strategic and commercial matters. The increase of the population of the countries which competed with it caused a problem regarding the vastness of its colonies. When the World War I broke out, Britain faced a logistic problem found in the technique of controlling the Indian Army. Therefore, it directed its strategies to maintain its authority over the top of the Arab Gulf and Iran. To secure its political and military status, it deemed to gain loyalty of the rulers of that region before the war broke out so as to support its military operations during the war.

When the World War I broke out, Britain was able to possess the military Ottomans actions achieved by the declaration of the recruitment of all the ranks and files as well as the tribal support to win the battle at early stages. It was also able to persuade the Iraqi tribes to form the Levi forces. Thus it formed those forces from those tribes, though it had first faced difficulties due to those tribes' refusal at the beginning. Building the first forces came out in 1915 in Nassiriya and Omara to undertake the missions of guarding. After having occupied southern Iraq, the missions of those forces were enlarged and collecting the returns, accompanying the prisoners, destroying the forts were added to them.

As a result of the military developments which Britain in 1917 after occupying Baghdad, the number of the Levi forces in creased .Those forces were divided into two types : infantry and horsemen . the forces increased till the end of the war and it got to about 20 thousand recruits in all Iraqi cities .
After the end of the world war I,the levi forces became under the control of the British civil

Administration in carrying out their administrative duties led by British officers .when the military actions in the North of Iraq by the Kurdsinl 1919 , the Levi platoons played a vital role in backing the Military British units in their movement the role rose in 1920 revolution . They wene able to lessen the pressure on the British military in several sites in the north middle and south of Iraq .

Did not recognize the U S system of soviet youth in Russia after the collapse of Tsarist regime be cause of the communist ideology, espoused by the regime, which promised a threat to the capitalist, United states and a number of countries capitalist in Europe as well as Japan overthrow the regime in soviet Russia , but failed to do so , prompting the soviet leadership to try to spread their communist outside Russia territory , Which met capitalist states to impose an economic blockade on Russia . And the non-recognition of political system. As well as the severance of diplomatic relations with him, to stop communist propaganda against their system of capitalism and undertakes to pay the debts of Tsarist regime it , but new developments have emerged on the world stage was the emergence of Nazi Germany and the growing strength of Japan and the search for the colonies , especially in the far East and China ,the United States and the Soviet Union both to leave their differences a side and intellectual normalizing their relations and exchange diplomatic representation in 1933 , Which means Washington´s recognitions of the Soviet Union ,Who announced in his December 1922 .

Maritime transport plays an important role in international trade as a monopolistic position to transmit large-scale transport of goods as it contributes 87% of goods transported and involved in international trade The research aims to shed light on the volume of trade in commercial ports during the period of 6 years and to identify the extent of development in trade on the one hand and to clarify the role of this sector and in the national economy Ahmayh.

The study aims at being acquainted with the productivity of ADAB AL- BASRAH (2004-2010) with the productivity of researchers and collaboration. It is concerned with the topics covered by the journal. The present paper also aims at preparing an index for the given journal. The quantative approach has been adopted to perform the given paper, In order to complete the paper, the researcher has seen the volumes of the journal and has established a database (using the Access Programmer) to document the data of every research published in the journal. The research has arrived at certain conclusions: a- the publishing of the journal is not organized, b- the number of the published researches is (289), c- Collaborative researches have not been given much interest, d- most of the researchers have performed only one research, e- The published researches, in the journal, have been distributed in regard to tenth main topics of which History got the first grad as far as the number of researches is concerned. The research has got into certain recommendations: a- Calling for the editorial committee to publish the journal periodically and consistently, and adding new materials to the journal as reports on the scientific conferences and meetings.

Al-Qa'bi , Muntaha A K. Jassim. A Plan to develop Public Libraries in Baghdad Governorate. Supervised by Assist. Prof. Mouna Mohammed Ali Al-Shaikh. Master Degree, Al-Mustansiriyah University.,2005
This study aims to reveal the retarded situations that reside in the public libraries in Baghdad Governorate exclusively and to acquaint with the nature of information services that presented to the users and review negative and positive aspects, definite obstacles with the situations and defect reasons. The study also discusses the basic fundamental factors of public libraries regarding building, area, supplements, employers, librarian collections, general library management, legislations and its endeavors to find the ways to develop it according to standards and scientific basics.
The importance of this study is in presenting work guidance that included quantitatively and qualitatively standards for these features to ensure regular developed performance in services and activities with using balanced and studied steps to rise it up during the changes and developing of technologies, telecoms and information.
We used field survey method to get suitable studying, for concerning the studying sample we took group of public libraries in different regions in Baghdad Governorate and document it with photos to clarify the destruction features and wreckage that happened with it.
The study field came to test the research assumption from one side and reaching to the research aims for other.
And from these results we conclude:
1. All public libraries buildings lack the suitable designing and area, it is far away from the simplest engineering specifications, scientific and sanitary conditions.
2. The absence of information technology development like electronic equipment, computers, optical and auditory devices.
3. The weakness in commitment in using international standardization in managing and growing the group, number of specialized staff, and kind of services that can be given.
- The necessity for taking the following recommendations to advance the public libraries in ambition level which are :-
1. A plan to rehabilitation the infra –structure of public libraries according to engineering specifications, scientific and sanitary conditions.
2. Input the technology information in all its forms technical and general services that public libraries presented it for developed qualification and the level of these services to get it out of its traditional level that lived in .
3. Designing the developed public libraries sample for serving society according modern standards.