ADAB AL-BASRAH

Shareh Al-Mufassal (Explaining the Comprehensive) by Ibin-Ya’eesh al-Mussli is considered as one of the most important workbooks attended to clarify one of the significant texts in the era of late Arab grammarians which witnessed the extensive interdisciplinary of conceptual sciences with the sciences of Arabic language, and shows its means of employment and use of its categories in understanding Arabic texts which had a significant influence on its interpretations, contents clarification and meanings understanding. Accordingly, the present study (A Reading in the Employment of the Logical Terms in Ibin-Ya’eesh’s Shareh Al-Mufassal) aims at marking up the features of that era and its thinking mechanisms in the light of the use of logical categories from the perceptive of (measurement, representation, implicit measurement, limitations, division, the fourth percentages and others) in the interpretation and attribution of the grammatical judgements and arriving at the conclusions. The study also stands as another reading of the mechanisms of authorship and understanding of that era’s scholars as well as their adopted means in reading the Holy Qur’an and Arabic poetry.

This is an empirical analysis based on an MA thesis in translation studies which tackles the cognitive reading comprehension strategies, controlled by a number of social factors, employed in the translation process. These strategies are identified through testing the applicability of Risku et al's Dynamic Network Model of Translatorial Cognition and Action (2013) to restrain the social conditions that surround the translation process. It is a process-oriented study which adopts a self-reporting tool (a questionnaire) to elicit the research qualitative data which is designed in light of the adapted model. The quantitative data are collected from the results of a standardized test of reading comprehension in general and another one of translation. Both tests were administered on a group of 20 student-translators and statistically analyzed to test the research hypothesis. The main aim is pedagogical and it is generally carried out within translation studies and predominantly translator training. The spotted reading comprehension strategies are sought to be applicable in the translator training courses. The findings of the study have proved the applicability of Risku et al's model (2013) in the process of reading comprehension for translation. The model has, also, been utilized and extended to elicit the most frequent translational reading comprehension strategies, namely Visualizing, Activating Prior Knowledge, Questioning, Monitoring, Drawing Inferences, and Summarizing (my emphasis). In fact, the study has gone farther than the model itself. Besides, it has exposed the importance of teaching the identified strategies during the early stages of training to help put student-translators on the track.

that the search in relationship of language Takr revolves in a vicious in which it has not yet been resolved ; departments of the circle of trust , the circle of thought /and its weight and function and then sealed the circle of the gums a circle Agha and thought /
and surrounded by the theories described for two cases Aden.

The study involves about the method of Proop and his application on the sample of the study and affect on the Arabian literature .
Then it involves , what resulting of prose between the modern materials and old texts .
Through the study can reach to recognition of the concepts that related with old texts by the sample of the study .

Research subject revolves around the question of identity and belonging in the poems of poet Ahmed Matar, by monitoring the symmetry relations and differences between self and other and manifestations in the artwork as poetic aesthetic phenomenon in the first place, and their relationship to political and social reality surrounding the poet, as well as study levels Representation of identity in question the poet's poems via two main axes attendance and absenteeism, the study revealed that attendance was in fact precisely the parity of the other with formula determined not only betaalkha with absentee and actually going through self-complementarity granted in other hostile and containment of a friend and that's what made the poet's poems suggests The continuing challenge of the self and the indomitable resistance and continuity don't know complacency or fatigue towards each other, as implied in the speech patterns of identity revealed on the ugly face of corrupt ruling Arab regimes worked on national identity and cultural alienation of peoples. The study has a set of results that we think she was nearly what really aspire great poet Ahmed Matar.

Language learners’ high academic achievement is dependent on the amount of motivation they have. Learners with a good deal of motivation are capable of achieving long- term objectives compared to those who lack motivation. This study investigates the integrative motivation of the Iraqi EFL advanced learners and their academic achievement. To this end, a quantitative nonexperimental research design is followed. The study results show that there is a weak, and statistically insignificant correlation between the Iraqi EFL advanced learners’ integrative motivation and their academic achievement. Moreover, there is a significant decline in the learners’ integrative motivation toward the end of the academic year. This decline seems to be more significant among females than males. Consequently, further research on the learners’ motivation and the factors that may cause its declination are recommended.

Argumentative connecters are considered one of the mechanisms of linguistic argumentative strength reasoning revealing the point of view, through it the speaker can direct the addressee to the destination he wants, and the presence of the argumentative connecters in discourse makes the possibilities limited, unlike the wide possibilities of a discourse without. The researcher found in the prose speech of Dr. Ahmed al-Waeli- that discourse addressed in a deliberate manner-A lot of argumentative connecters, and an understanding of the addressee, which contributed significantly to the delivery of argumentative and argumentative strength. The researcher tried to reach a viewpoint on the dimension of the argumentative reasoning achieved by the existence of those connectors. He concluded that Sheikh Al-Waeli has used those connectors appropriate to the subject to what his discourse wants to achieve, so whenever the subject needs strong arguments, he used connectors consistent with that t

The aim of the study is to study the dominant methods in the book Spectrum of Imagination by Sharif Al – Murtada (436 A.H.) which shows that the poet in the Spectrum of Imagination used the declarative style and the verbal sentence, especially since it is more evocative and dominant in its poems in its nominal since the events that poets deal with are conveyed between time and alternate. We also find a varying presence in the constructions of the structural style. The poets in the Spectrum of Imagination took these texts templates empty their feelings and sensations. They impart a deep emotional character that reflects the human experience of each poet in this book. The research has taken two axes in two sections: The dominant declarative style and The dominant structural style.

Cognitive grammar promotes the idea that grammar is not a set of formal rules that one should learn, but it also interacts with our cognitive faculties that access human cognition. Examples of these rules are the grammatical relations, subject, trajector and landmark, figure and ground, direct object and indirect object. In addition to their outer form, i.e. the grammatical structures in which they are arranged at any level of organisation, they have got an internal structure and internal interpretation that are mentally schematised. To see how the Arabic language internally portrays and mentally schematises these basic grammatical relations, the current paper falls back on Langacker ( 1987; 1991;2008;and 2009 ) and Talmy (2000). Throughout the application of these theories, it has been noticed that Arabic exhibits the four topicality factors―semantic role, empathy hierarchy, definiteness, and figure/ground organisation― to show which participant can be chosen as subject, trajector, or figure, and also which participant is favoured to be structured as direct object, indirect object, landmark or ground.

Intertextuality is a critical term that was first introduced by the Bulgarian linguist Julia Kristeva in the late 1860’s and has since spread to contemporary Arabic poetry. The use of the Qur'anic intertextual technique is salient in the poems of contemporary poets, especially among the Palestinian intifada poets in the poems written for Martyr Sheikh Ahmad Yassin. This is because he was a great Islamic preacher and the leader of the Hamas Islamic Resistance Movement in the Gaza Strip who had derived his thoughts and method of fighting from the Quran. Using these techniques, these poets attempt to convey their thoughts and feelings more deeply and effectively to their readers and add to their poems the quality of immortality, which stems from the significance of the profound implications and sublime themes of the Holy Quran and the sacredness it has among Muslims. The purpose of this study is to examine Qur’anic intertextuality in the free verse poetry of the Palestinian intifada poets in their elegies about Martyr Sheikh Ahmad Yassin. In this line, the paper adopts the analytical-descriptive approach in order to portray the aesthetics of the intertextuality theory application from the viewpoint of Muhammad Binis, who divided it into three parts: partial negation, parallel negation, and total negation. The results of this study indicate that there is strong intertextuality between the implicit Qur`anic text and the free verse poetry about Sheikh Ahmad Yassin, which has added to their spiritual beauty and value. Lastly, the partial negation type of external intertextuality is the most frequently used type of intertextuality in the free verse poetry about Sheikh Ahmad Yassin.

The study of personalities plays an important role in the field of Historical Studies, especially of those that play an influential and important role in the history of their nations. The history of Iran during the Safavid era was the focus of attention around the world, especially Europe during that period, as well as its strategic geographical location and its conflict with the Ottoman Empire and its preoccupation with the European front for several years. Unfortunately, in spite of the appearance of many public figures, what has been written about it is limited in the history of Iran. Shaykh Ali Khan Zanganeh is one of the most famous political figures in the Safavid era, which attracted the interest of the Iranians, and the colonial countries and enemies of the Safavid state in general hence the choice of this subject to study this figure and to highlight the reforms,and the impact on the restoration of power to the Safavid central state.

The subject of trusteeship in the Arab Islamic State is one of the topics that occupy an important place in Islamic history. The emphasis on honesty in the Holy Qur'an and the noble prophetic Hadith is related to the life of the Islamic community. It is related to the political aspect. The researcher chose the subject to highlight the historical events. Which was a major pillar of the secretariat, in the era of the message has been the secretaries of great importance to Muslims and therefore to confirm the Koran and Hadith, the historical sources mentioned many of the prophetic traditions that urge the performance of the Secretariat and its importance. In the Rashidi era, historical narratives revealed the negative effects of the betrayal of honesty. In the Umayyad era, the Umayyad used the concept of safety and security to control the political movements that opposed them. In the Abbasid period, the Abbasids were not better than illiterate children. Illiteracy and abuse

Most of The Sasanian cities have changed ,specially ,the cities that located at the road of trade in sea ,river and land,to stations of convoys and travelers ,and to markets for sales and buy .Most of these markets were permanent because of the momentum of trade exchange and Some are seasonal at the time the convoys arrive to these stations ،heading to this markets people from Persia, Arab, Rome,India and China, who are merchants, consumers and people benefits ,between them would happen exchanges of trade, industry and agricultural and no doubt that the difference of metal presence and it's industry and the skills of people of crafts and workmanship and the kinds of agricultural crops and it's expensive at the sasanian region helped to find these markets and it's expantion as well as the great reforms that made by the Sasanian kings in expanding of old markets since the period of Farthian.

This paper examines the role of Mana bendranath Roy in the founding of the Indian Communist Party in Tashkent in 1920, and his attempt to establish an army of Indians present there. This led him to establish an Indian military school during the period (1920-1921) gave them military training in addition to political training, the purpose of which was to form an army to liberate India from British colonialism, but it was closed after a short period and sent its students to complete their training at the University of the East in Moscow During the years (1921-1922).

The conditions of the migrant scholars to the countries of the Diaspora, Egypt and the Levant, are both diverse and varied. Some had been welcomed and won a prominent place in the institutions of those countries because of this the public was encouraged by many Iraqi scholars who immigrated to Egypt and the Levant, and their opinions and fatwas was welcomed from the private sectors as well. While we find that there are scientists who lived on the brink of marginalization and denial, despite your scientific standing, whether it was in their home country, and what they enjoyed and distinguished them, their ability and competence did not receive the necessary crisis, where they lived a life of deprivation, destitution and poverty, and some of them even experienced a life of displacement.

The city of Al-Zubair, which is the administrative center of the Al-Zubair district, was chosen in an analytical population study, in light of the demographic changes it went through during the years 1997 - 2019, although the course of the study was limited to estimates in 2019, but the time span of the previous decades for the foundation year had a share In this study and some of its characteristics, the study aims to identify some of the population features of the city of Al-Zubair during the year 2019 and the characteristics it carries, in addition to highlighting the spatial variation of residential neighborhoods and some of its features and specifically in the size, growth and distribution of the population. The study concluded the following:-
The size of the population of the city of Al-Zubair increased to (138595) people according to the 1997 census, or 79% of the total district of Al-Zubair, which amounted to (176035) people, to almost double in 2019 of (404180) people, i.e. an absolute increase of (173325) People, with a growth rate of (5.7%), and the computational density of the city of Al-Zubair reached (125) people / hectare, while the real density reached (334) people / hectare in 2019.
This study relied in all its aspects on the estimates of the year 2019, but the time span had a share in it in order to reveal the demographic changes that took place on some characteristics. Therefore, the study relied in some of its divisions on the 1997 census and the 2009 population survey, at the same time all The steps of the study according to the descriptive analytical method, as well as the tabular, formal and cartographic representation in which he had a share

This research aims at identifying the university scientific researches, college of Arts / University of Basra, which are (183) scientific researches for the period of (2012-2017). The scientific conferences held in college of Arts Besides the number of scientific researches that were participated in conferences and distributed due to each department and the subjects for those scientific.
The survey method was followed to complete the research. The research came out with several results:
. 1-The number of university researches in the College of Arts / University of Basra (183) university research, mostly historical research. Researches written in Arabic were the highest rate of 95% of the researches written in English by 41%.
: The research recommended several recommendations, including
1-Focus on conducting applied research that contribute to solving an educational or social problem, according to the recommendations of the committees of quality and national classification because such research raises the degrees of the Faculty of Arts in the standards of national classification.