ADAB AL-BASRAH

The search cares with tells related to two important prose writers are Ibn al-Moqafa and Aljahith follow through biographical tells that relate to include a lot of marginal literary values, humanitarian, and cultural rights. All of which reveal important aspects in the formation of the traditional Arab news and the way it works and how employed in the context of the ancient Arab narrative.

Works of art, no matter how intriguing in their simulation of reality, must reflect the ideological background and systems of belief of their creators. If the work is written to bear witness to epoch changing events, then the reading through the ideologies it adheres to or dispenses with is necessary to arrive at a better and more profound understanding of the forces at work and a more valid assessment of the corollaries. Lawrence's The Seven Pillars of Wisdom subsumes ideological schemas that can be traced and analyzed via the linguistic structure of the text. The text is put under scrutiny through van Dijk's multiple ideology schematic structures. Results crop up to prove the validity of the ideological reading and the utility of the structures proposed.

The study deals with the subject described by the Arabic Scholars as each noun after verb attributed that verb to this noun. Also it is an applied on Al-Baqara Surah where the subject mentioned as a noun after a complete verb or pronoun, whether this pronoun joined with suffix of any type. Researching with this subject and applying it on the Holy Qura'an extend and branch but we conifined it on Al-Baqarah Surah.

The dotless oration , according to schotars , is related to Imam Ali
( P.U.H ) specially when the scholars mentions Imam Ali's traits and characterisfics . It is natural that such oration is confined to him and anyone else cannot say such oration .
The deep passion and the unjustified religious enthusiasm made some scholars relate something to Imam Ali which he didn't say . Al – Hareery oration was one of the texts that some scholars related it to Imam Ali , disregarding its source .

This paper is a critical review of faculty peer evaluation (FPE) scheme adopted by a private higher education institution (PHEI) in Oman. The purpose is to identify the points of weakness in this scheme, and then to propose an alternative model of peer evaluation (PE). This model is built on the discrepancies routed in the available version of (PE), and on the different ideas proposed by scholars interested in quality assurance and faculty performance evaluation. The whole process of faculty evaluation at the (PHEI) is reviewed with due emphasis on the analysis of (FPE). Relevant literature has been surveyed where the methodology adopted, and the findings are highlighted.
The points of drawbacks elicited in the current model are: (i) it is a one-dimensional version constructed on rating scale only with a complete ignorance to the criteria on which evaluation is based, (ii) it shows low degree of coverage since many important areas relevant to teaching quality are neglected, (iii) questionnaire items are inadequately and improperly arranged,and (iv)the rating resulted from this model is of a high degree of subjectivity.
The suggested version is characterized by the following: (i) it is more comprehensive where five major areas relevant to faculty performance are covered; teaching, research, institution service, adherence to bylaws and regulations, and contribution to community service, (ii) It is evidence-based in that the response scale is governed by the evaluator's knowledge of the item being responded to, (iii) it is a multi-functional version since it can be used for formative, summative, and other types of faculty evaluation, (iv) it leads to more reliable and objective peer rating,and (v) it provides sufficient data that can be implemented in different evaluation areas.
The paper is concluded by a number of recommendations and suggestions for further studies.

The current paper deals with the life and poetry of one of the poets of basrah who is abushiraa al-qaysy the researcher has collected his poetry from several sources the most important of which is abu-al – faraj al-asfahany s al-agang al- baghdady s tareekh Baghdad and al- safady s al – wafybil – wafiyat The collected poems and stanzas are 42 the lines collected are169 they are arranged alphabetically according to rhyme diacritical marks they are al- madhmum rhyme clending in u vowel sound al -maftuh rhyme cending in e vowel sound al- maksur rhyme cending in i vowel sound and al- sukun rhyme cending in consonant the narrations related to his poetry are presented chronologicallg the disagreements and contradicting narrations are referred to as well

In this paper, an attempt is made to scrutinize Shakespeare’s use of temporal correlatives as a means to foreground the theme of time in a number of his sonnets. It too endeavours to prove that these cohesive ties have much to do not only with highlighting the theme of the sonnets but also with their textual structure and logical organization. To address this issue, a textual analysis is aimed at to present first the theme of each of the selected sonnets separately, then the focus will be shifted to uncover the patterns of correlation stylistically created to organize the thoughts and arguments in the sonnets. Following that is an application of Halliday’s (1985) approach to cohesion system and clause relations. Besides, the paper shows how these devices have been depicted when translated into Arabic by three well-known Arab translators. Hence, each Arabic translation of the selected sonnets is analysed in terms of the choice of the Arabic equivalents that replace the English temporal correlative conjunctions.

This work is a study of the writing game as it is plated the creative author and the interpreter of the creative text. The latter tends to present a critical language carrying probabilistic expressions that make his language matches with that of the creative text. It is this very creative expression this work investigates through the word the word and the techniques of context development.

Speakers with cleft palate show different speech production disorders due to the structural defect of the palate and the velopharyngeal mechanism. These disorders involve voice, resonance and articulation. The present study aims at investigating the speech performance of two school-age, Iraqi Arabic speaking children with cleft palate. Arabic cleft palate speech data are rare (Hardin-Jones, 2009, personal communication). Thus, this paper intends to study the different speech errors demonstrated by Arabic cleft palate speakers including resonance and articulation. It describes the 'compensatory articulation patterns ' used by them to compensate for velopharyngeal inadequacy. In addition, it compares these patterns with the patterns used by English cleft palate speakers and offers some findings in addition to observations.

1- The life of this poet was distinguished b unique attributes. He had spent his childhood in the countryside. Then, he moved to Al Najaf Al-Ashraf to study. The poet was completed by political circumstances to migrate. He expatriated to several places which exerted an influence on his poetry. In this research, it has been tried to deal with the influence of those different places on Jamal Al-Deen’s poetry. The research has been divided into a number of surveys.
2- Firstly, the poet’s life is discussed. Secondly, the research deal with familiar places that the poet lived in. these places resembled a dream which kept reiterating during the poets life. Accordingly, those places were various, including his birthplaces, Al- Mumaneen village in sooq Al-Ashukh, and AL- Najaf AL- Ashraf. Afterwards, the research gets to the hostile places, since some places originated in the poet’s imagination state of yearning, desolation and depression. In turn, those places were various including places of alienation and exile.
3- According to the image which relied on the factors of life and reality, altogether those places kept creating distinct impression in his poetry.
4- Subsequently, the image developed with him and was sincere in its description and accurate in its meanings and purposes.
5- Ultimately, the research is ended with a conclusion and a list of references which the study depended on.

The study rhythm poetic as one of the faces detected for the content of the semantic of the text poetic, the most important construction elements of rhythm are the sections and number and toning, and by which the knowledge of the harmony and uniformity achieved between the construction of semantic and rhythm were selected poem of god, the self of the poet mahmoud hassan ismail sample shows through which knowledge deportation rhythmic experiment poetic carried by the poem, providing the dimensions of vision of self-standard dimensions, it is intimacy that are accompanied by emotions of regret and fear that represent moments of submission and surrender, that is the poetic image, which controls the poem from beginning to end, was able to construction elements of rhythm in the embodiment of those suffering and poetic representation of the dimensions of the semantic content of the text.

This paper studies the pre-Islamic poet's feeling of animal as domestic and wild. After meditation in some poetic texts , it has become clear that the pre- Islamic poet was keen in his observation of animal. We saw that very evident in his expression about his feeling of animal one time and another time about the feelings of the animal of itself as in his account about horse and camel as two domestic animals. In his expressive example of the wolf, the poet finds this animal as an objective correlative.
The pre- Islamic poet Tried to use the sufferings of the wolf as a reference to his personal suffering.
A clear example of that is what the pre- Islamic poet, Labeed, said about OX and cow as two wild animals and shanfra in his account of wolf as well . Thus , we saw the pre- Islamic poet sensitive and strong – sighted to the animal with which the poet lived and accompanied in his stay and travel.

The Oil Embargo made a pivotal event on the middle east generally and on the Arab particularly , because of the Strategic and vital importance of this Oil to the world's economy , the regional and international competence intensity on this area to possess its strategic and economics recourses .
The research dealt with the security and policy results of Oil embargo on the Arab Gulf area and its effect on regional system init , and its connection to the nationalism and Strategic Security of United States of America Through its direct and indirect Control Which was the most important result of the Oil embargo .

Find addresses the geopolitical importance of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization, which was founded in 1996 and then known as the Shanghai Five, and initially included both Russia and China, the two giants in Asia, in addition to the three countries of Central Asia: Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan. In 2001 Uzbekistan joined the Shanghai Five, who changed his name since then to become the (Shanghai Cooperation Organization), and the organization opened its doors to interested countries in the region to join them. Although the SCO does not appear until the moment as a major player in the international arena, but the largest number of analysts and observers believe that this organization has a lot of geopolitical qualifications that may contribute to the conversion to an international force with effect.
Thus, the search is trying to shed light on this organization and her upcoming role in the international arena by answering the following questions: What the Shanghai Cooperation Organization and its objectives? , And the geo-strategic components of the organization that qualifies them to be a significant international force in the medium or long term future?. The vision of Member States of the Organization and her upcoming role on the regional and international levels?, And the obstacles that stand in the development of the SCO and its transformation into a new global pole?, And geopolitical future of the organization in the light of international political changes?

The Concepts of Political Impunity in Iraqi and Lebanon Legislations
) comparative study)
Shaker I. khalaf * Ali F. Ibrahim
College of veterinary medicine – *college of law - Baghdad university – Baghdad - Iraq
Some individuals whom doing distinct services enjoys with political impunity due to them work especially the members of parliament, president of the state , prime minister and the ministers, So that can not be asked due to their speech and thoughts also exempt them from some criminal procedure.
Historically , political impunity passed through development, first it initiated with closed concept deal with taxes exemptions for some individuals, then it become with wide Concept to mean the exemption from specific obligation and it reaches to final concept in France and England to exempt the members of parliament from criminal labiality due to their parliamentary works.
The study is divided by four points :
- The first deal with the concept of political impunity
- The second explain the legal nature of it,
- The third point explain the types of political impunity
- Finally study the effects political impunity on committing crimes.

The study dealt with the urbanization trends in Iraq, Iran and the comparison between them, depending on the analysis of digital tables of population censuses in the two countries, as well as other sources. The study shows the beginnings of urbanization and how they have evolved cities first, and know what proportion of the population of the urban population and their geographical distribution to the provinces and the growth rate based on the 1997 census and estimates for 2007 in Iraq and the 1996 census and 2006 in Iran, the study also shows the share of each of the urban population, the study showed that the rate of urbanization in Iraq amounted to 66.5% according to estimates of 2007, while the total in the last official census in Iran, 68.4%, which means that the rate of urbanization in both countries to the total population and the increased percentage in Iran by a narrow margin, reflecting on the emergence of many problems, as necessitated by urban development, from through the development of urban centers and the rise of a comprehensive development in the countryside.

This short study attempts reveal the importance of mythical and religious thought in the study of the course of the history of human ,thought which has interested many thinkers and philosophers who had different visions about the very early period of human thought which was represented by mythical thought . This study also attempts determine the nature of the Relation between the early forms of philosophy and myths , and how mythical form of thought paved the way to the rise of philosophy The impact of mythical thought on early period of philosophy could be noticed by the influence of myths on many of presocratic philosophers and who had represented many philosophical school .
This in fluence could give aproof that mythical thought is not like many might imagine a superficial and of no value , and it has it onw depth as we can notice it in Homer and Heziod , and other secrt sects like Orphean .
This influence had eetended to include many sophisticated philosophical schools like the milesian school , phytha goreans , and the Eleatic school

Russell is considered as one of most famous philosophers of the twentieth century and in philosophy generally. The importance of the research in the philosophical writing to Russell is to check the relation between ideological attitude and the methods which are formulated of, the increasing of our understanding to his philosophical text, the recognizing one form rather than other in the philosophical writing. We are now talking about a philosopher who is known of his own logic in showing his thoughts and how his writings are distinguished of skillfulness style and beauty of expressions in their authenticity, clarity and simplicity .so, he made from the simple and clear expression his medium to improve the world.
Russell's Philosophical writings did not take one form, but they were variety of essays, lectures and books. Considerably, it seem that essay is one form which Russell accounts on in his writings, because as a medium, an essay is the most convenient to respond to the pressure of the events and the followed problems. Russell did well in writing essays which were suitable as one form of writing to his thoughts, and of gaining the capability. So, it was the medium which he used once to attack and once to bring good news of his thinking.