ADAB AL-BASRAH

Language and location
The relationship between language and place is formed as a starting point through which the words that are associated with the place can be known, and it expresses its details and the prevailing form of life in it, the type of grammar that organizes linguistic performance, as well as the root of the language of the place with the prevailing social culture and their union in a way that makes it difficult to separate the language And its place which it masters and influences, and takes all its details from its historical material and its internal transformations, and it represents the depth of the relationship between man and the place with all its variations, and the best thing that has been conveyed to us from the founding of civilization until now is the linguistic symbols, as it becomes clear in which the image that deals with it The human in m What was with the details of life and with the feelings and thoughts that prevailed in it and how a person described his physical surroundings, including beings, people, and others.

This study applies the procedures of Needs Analysis to identify the writing-related grammar needs of the EFL Iraqi students at the Department of English, College of Arts, University of Basra using Hutchinson and Waters' 1987 learning-centred approach. The study reviews the second-year grammar course, in the Department of English concerned, to find out to what extent it has a clear bearing on the students' writing outcome. The data were collected via a questionnaire distributed to 63 participants. The questionnaire combined both open- ended and closed-ended items; hence, the mixed methods research was employed in this study. The results showed that the designing of the second-year grammar course was not based on needs analysis procedures, and consequently the students' writing-related grammar needs might not be met in that course. Another major finding discovered in this study was the contextualization of grammar teaching whose absence had a negative influence on students' writing ability. The study recommended improving the current grammar course by means of replacing the textbook used and proposing further necessary materials that could help to introduce grammar in the context of writing.

The study aims to find out argumentative cases in treatises volume of language by Ibn Al-Sayed Albtlusi. The researcher exposes argumentative connectors that lay open the outcomes ( connectors of argumentative deduction ) up on which Albtlusi's texts are illuminated by and how these connectors subscribe in cohesion and accordance of discourse and what influenced and persuasive purposes are fulfilled. In addition , they bring to light their effect in the correlation between the argumentative and the outcomes that are utilized by Albtlusi in directing recipients to the objective he intends . Therefore he uses these connectors in appropriateness with adversary's interventions. He stimulates a recipient and invites him to participate in induction and deduction throughout agitating recipient's endeavor to react via connectors of argumentative deduction

This study provides an investigation of lexical disorders noticed in the speech of Basri-Iraqi aphasics, via Prince and Smolensky’s 1993 constraint-oriented approach of Optimality theory, OT for short. The work aims to describe and analyze the lexical processes found in the produced verbal output of the patients. The data is collected qualitatively by conducting interviews with three Basri aphasic participants from different districts of Basra, using an elicitation form. The results indicate that the language performance of aphasics is lexically impaired. The findings also confirm the applicability of OT to the data. Added to that, lexical impairments manifest themselves in the impairment of the phonological output lexicon of the lexical system. The work recommends creating a database of aphasics and their whereabouts so as to pave the way to other researchers who might be interested in the subject area of the study. This study might further be followed by studies that provide speech therapy and intervention strategies that would help aphasics regain their language.

He discussed a contemporary interpreted approach to the Qur'an, which he spent his blessed age in the service of religion and doctrine and the support of his people from the tyranny of the leviathan, but that did not prevent him from writing and writing in various knowledge, and his father had a reference shiite great Mr. Mohsen al-Hakim and his professor Martyr Sadr preferred in his study and teaching students of the Faculty of Origins Religion at Baghdad University, the Holy Quran, where the Housawi culture was mixed with academic culture, which led him to continue this journey in the years of alienation and migration, as he was committed to teaching the subject of interpretation in the possession of the holy qom, and when I saw his explanatory books printed day after day i was motivated by passion and passion, and a great desire to This research, in which we highlighted its interpretive approach, was focused on the study of the curriculum and interpretation in language and terminology, and then introduced us to the interpretation in its perspective and the reasons for its response to the teaching of a subject. The explanation then followed us by defining the molecular approach and the objective approach, and the separation of his professor martyr Sadr between them and then exposed us to his weights and his opinion in the two approaches and the reasons for his choice of the partial method as well as our recognition of the features of his interpretive approach and then we looked closely at his interpretive approach and we found that He blends the two approaches into his explanatory books

It is a corner that can not be studied by the researcher who is looking at the Arabic language in general and the grammar especially to be overlooked or overlooked.
This research was initiated by investigating the grammatical error of the Sharh Ibn Juma'a in his commentary on Kafih Ibn al-Hajib (Sharaf Kafi 'Ibn al-Hajib in the grammar), which is a prolific explanation of the grammatical arguments that the reader sees as apparent in this explanation. Doors of Arabic grammar such as names, deeds and letters.
The study began by exposing the subject to explanations of language and terminology, and then going into the explanations of these explanations and the methods that came to indicate the grammatical problem, from the word (illness) or (the reason for that) or (because it) and the fact that the fact that the soul says Their exhortation is comfortable with the transfer of sentences, other than those which are floating.
The research also focused on the views of the scholars in the ills mentioned in the explanation of the son of a group in terms of approval or rejection. The research concluded with the results reached by the researcher. The most important of them is that the nature of the grammatical bug among the scholars in general and the son of a particular group is an individual judgmental. Acceptable and responseable.

The internal rhythm mechanisms have linguistic, vocal, syntactic and semantic abilities that enhance text music So that the external rhythm can not do it alone Except with the support of internal rhythm mechanisms. Based on this, we chose Hashem El Kaabi(1231) an Iranian Arab poet in the province of Khuzestan in the eighteenth century, to study these mechanisms in his poems. In order to determine some of the characteristics of al-Kaabi's poetry rhythm.
This study was limited to the study of The rhythmic aspect of the Related words and their semantics in the poet's text, they are: Repetition, The pun, Leonine verse, Epanalepsis.
The researcher has used a descriptive and analytical method to study internal music in the selected texts to find answers to the following questions: What features did the internal music mechanisms give to al- Kaabi's poetry? How did the rhythm manifest in al- Kaabi's poetry? What is the reason for the poet's use of internal music on a large scale one Qasida? How did the poet use these mechanisms?

This study included verbal models in which the readers of the Qur’an differed on the level of emphasis by weakening the letter and slurring, and between those who went to read the mitigation in the word, and these models were in Surat Al-Baqarah we studied it semantic study, accrediting the description and analysis taking into consideration the books of Quranic readings, explanatory blogs and linguistic studies to stand The most prominent semantic features and expressive values, whether they are at the level of the word or the expressive context in which it was presented.

The linguistic legacy left behind by scientists and linguists was not captivated by the principle of pure reporting and naive superficial knowledge, but their approximations were based on the principles of sound thinking, systematic methodological approach, and prudent mental knowledge procedures, there is no established system of data distant from the pillars of verification, and does not form language outside the framework of systematic thought. The book of “Daqayiq Al-Tasrif (Precisions of Morphology) comes with a nice verification dimension that aims to let the recipients’ persuasion by a semantic rule agreed by its principles of morphology. This is a notable works that reflects the cognitive climates and procedural aspects of our Islamic culture.

Before Islam, the Arabs did not have a judicial system in the conventional sense, but they had their own customs and traditions. This was accompanied by the large number of crimes that spread throughout the Arabian Peninsula. Crimes are not devoid of any society, it is a scourge that poses a threat to its security and stability. The Arabs were able to reduce it because there was no central government in the desert, which created an atmosphere of uncertainty and fear among most Arabs, so the victims' families had to investigate the crime of their own because there is no central authority to care for this and they will bring their accusations to those who complain about them and those who had enmity with

The research seeks to highlight on the most prominent architectural features characterized Nippur. Those monuments were characterized by various architectural methods and specially theworshipped and residential. The extend of which the patterns of its designs have changed during its historical period. The worshipped monuments had participated in some of their artistic and architectural characteristics and had differed in terms of the materials used and their size according to the worshipped value God.As for residential monuments had varied designs from one era to another according to the availability of the first material. Clay was the most prominent material that was available to the population of Mesopotamia which was developed during the subsequent eras by using imported materials as wood and stones. They contributed to show the architectural development in the old cities of Iraq.

The research dealt with the religious manifestations of the military campaigns of the modern Assyrian kings (911-612 BC), according to a scientific method based on the study and analysis of the translated cuneiform texts that we adopted in writing this research.
The kings had promoted that their wars were carried out in consultation with the gods, especially Assyria, Shamash, and Ishtar, and at their direction, under their protection, support, and for their sake as well.
It also became clear that the Assyrian kings were keen to celebrate their gods to express their gratitude for the role that they attributed to them in the victory over their enemies, by offering them sacrifices and worshiping them after the completion of their military actions, as well as allocating a share for them from the material gains resulting from these actions and raising them and perpetuating their mention in Open areas.
All this has been linked in one way or another to Assyrian religious beliefs. It also showed that the Assyrian kings believed in the sanctity of their wars to the point that they viewed political and economic goals, which were among the main motives for these wars, as goals that the gods had legitimized for them.

This research studies the impact of India's declaration of a nuclear explosion on the 18th of May 1974 on the US nuclear non-proliferation policy and its implications for the negotiations of the Iranian nuclear program. And Washington's increasing fears of nuclear proliferation resulting from the Indian nuclear explosion, which led to a major development and shift in the fragile balance of power in South Asia, also increased the risks of nuclear proliferation in regions prone to instability such as the Middle East, which may pose a major threat to security. American nationalism and international stability. This prompted the United States to move immediately to strengthen the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT) regime, as well as its policy on nuclear exports. This caused a change in Washington’s policy on national nuclear programs and the prospects for nuclear cooperation between the United States and Iran, and made the nuclear agreement with Iran a sensitive and thorny issue. This is due to the difficulty of demanding more stringent control mechanisms on the Shah and elsewhere in the world, after the Indian nuclear explosion showed how any country can easily obtain nuclear weapons technology if necessary. The US nuclear policy toward Iran began to reconcile two opposing purposes: satisfying the Shah’s nuclear desires, and thus maintaining good relations with Tehran, on the one hand; And standing as a guarantor of non-proliferation at the global level, on the other hand.

Japan has been considering fertile soil, which makes the researchers have the desire ( passion) to find out more about it. In this research, we're going to discuss the situation of Japan from the Iraqi-Kuwiti war (1990_1991) In addition, this war is considered one of the most important events in the international system, beginning of the 1990s, and it affects Japan Foreign Policy.
Because of Japan occupies a distinct position at both of Asian and global levels, so it's one of the eight First World which coordinates its policy for global economy's stability. Japan also is looking for achieving the right balance between its global political and economic role.
The research will also discuss the era that Japan made a diplomacy, political, economic and cultural relations which oscillates between strength and weakness while another.

Water erosion is one of the most important geomorphic processes and has a direct impact on natural factors
(Soil protection plants such as natural vegetation , human uses , and the dominant land cover ) and ( Surface erosion coefficient of erosion related to the prevailing rock type and regression ) . So the research came to an evaluation Qualitative water erosion geographically , based on the pap – car model of Sherwat Valley Basin , Governorate Salmaniya , by identifying the areas of high erosion , this model works to reduce erosion .
The hydrology of the soil , and it is more realistic to represent a simulation of reality , as it identifies the most fragil and sensitive elements through environmental inputs to remote sensing data that were represented by high-precision digital data obtained from the Russian SASPlanet site, which provides an accuracy of 1 mor less for the ground cover classification (LULC) The digital elevation data (DEM) , as well as the derivation of Vegetation density (NDVI) from data for the American Moon Landasat OLI8 2019 , and the prevailing rock are obtained from Iraqi geological maps , through the application of the model showing that the basin has five levels of water erosion ( Very weak , weak , moderate , severe , very severe varies geographically according to the influence of the factor and location .

The question of self is one of the issues that has been raised since the inception of human thought, and there is no nation or civilization; except that it has searched the origin of the soul and what it is, and its desting, and its innate love for survival and immortality.
The theory of psychology is an entry point for studying the totality of the ancient Egyptian thought, falkeral, as the link between the sensory world and the other world, who occupies the thoughts of the pharaohs, for their faith in the trial of the dead, the resurrection and eternity. So this study aims to introduce oneself and the mechanisms of its creation, and how the ancient Egyptians express it, and treat it to the relationship of the soul with the body, an explain the fate of the soul after death and the rearquality between reincarnation or eternity, through the network of realations between the gods, humans and universe.