Journal of International studies

U.S withdrawal from Iraq is considered a major challenge for different and contrastive parties. ‎ However, it is a challenge for the Iraqis themselves to prove their ability to manage their own affairs and maintain internal security, without despotism and new dictatorships which seize the country under the pretext of keeping security and stability. It is also a challenge to local powers which named itself as «resistance to U.S occupation». So, if these conflicts and terrorism continue after the departure of the U.S troops, it is clear and doubtless that it will lead to violence and civil war.
It is also a challenge to Iraqi powers which are allied with Iran and Saudi Arabia. So the question will be: can these powers create independence from Tehran or Saudi Arabia especially the American troops, which form an equivalent power for these two powers, have withdrawn, or will it continue handing over Iraqi regions for neighbors, and scuttling the remnants of Iraqi sovereignty and independence?
It is also a challenge to Iran itself, which is no doubt, has the ability to control a huge and diverse country as Iraq, and fill the gap that would be after the U.S withdrawal. So if Iran continued its political expansion, it would put itself in a confrontation with Iraqi sectors which were prepared, under the U.S presence, to cooperate with. In addition to that, regional powers, such as Turkey and Arab Gulf countries, do not like Iran to control Iraq and intervene in its affairs.
Finally, it is a challenge to the Arab Gulf States, especially the direct neighbors of Iraq because since the war of 2003 those countries use the policy of disclaim from Iraq. They only prefer to watch Americans from afar. They do not wish the experience to fail in order not to be in the same chaos; also they do not wish the experience to succeed in order not to transfer to their countries. Now, after the American withdrawal, it would be absurd to continue in a policy which is purely negative and bad.

The strategy of containing Iraq has been started since 1958 till now, but the form of containment has been changed from double containment in 1980 s and 1990 s to another one with new contents that are stemmed from the idea of subjugation and occupation.
The occupation of Iraq in 2003 is a full implementation of the outputs of the occupation. Even after U.S. troops' withdrawal from Iraq at the end of 2011, Iraq is still undergoing advanced stages of the occupation. It is likely that this policy will continue for a long time.

This research includes three chapters. Chapter one deals with the economic consequences of the American occupation on Iraq since 2003 till 20ll, one of these most important consequences is the discontinuity of development, the spread of financial and Administrative corruption, the deterioration of industry and agriculture, unemployment, and the decrease of oil production.
The second chapter addresses the challenges of Iraqi economy after the American withdrawal from Iraq 20ll. It is divided into three kinds of challenges: International challenges represented by the American impact, the weakened foreign investment, the pressure of the three Globalization institutes, and the seventh chapter. The second is the regional challenges which include the interference of neighboring countries, water, the foreign indebtedness, and the project of Mubarak’s harbor. While the local challenges include: The political and security situation, the political conflict on oil, the spread of poverty and unemployment, the financial and administrative corruption, the defectiveness of Iraqi economy, and the inflation.
The third chapter deals with the requirements to build Iraqi economy which are: the variety in the economic basis, transferring technology to Iraq, developing humankind resources, and openness.
The research ends with a conclusion which includes some recommendations to promote Iraqi economy.

U.S. forces withdrew from Iraq after years of occupation, justifying its withdrawal for many reasons, replacing its military presence with large number of diplomats and clients in the intelligence services of U.S., and depending on private security corporations. This shows the dominant U.S. presence in Iraq in order to facilitate its immediate intervention any time it finds the internal security of Iraq is disturbed. Seeking to secure its permanent presence, U.S.A tried its best to create unstable security situation, and a weak political process tainted with a lot of crises. As a result, the continuous instability will need the forces to maintain security, and help the Iraqi security forces to achieve it. As well as the insistence of the United States to keep Iraq under Chapter VII means that U.S. forces have the right to intervene in Iraq once the situation is threatening the regional security

After the transformationsof the political system in Iraq during the past nine years and the accompanying securityand economic challenges, the economic development becomes the most important issuefor decision makers.Now days, Iraqis are looking forwardfor investing the resources of their country promptly, building their country, and seeking economic development in all fields. This can be done by the policy of openness that enables Iraq to cooperate with neighboring countries, to contribute in the process of reconstruction and foreign investment, to find solutions to the outstanding problems especially Iraq's water sources, as well as to take advantage of foreign expertise and experience in the development of Iraq.

Iraqi - Kuwaiti relations represent a complex problem within the case of Arabian- Arabian relations. It is characterized as full of tensions from the beginning and until recent times. However, there are several elements that prevent the development of relations between Iraq and Kuwait. These internal and external elements increase the tension between the two countries, which consequently lead the relations to remain instable and strained all the time. Perhaps establishing Mubarak harbor in April 2011, a year after Iraq's decisions to build Faw harbor, is one of the main obstacles that prevent restarting normal relations between the two countries.
The research concludes that Iraqi-Kuwaiti relations will remain unstable and non-cooperative in the near future despite the announcement of both sides their willingness to develop relations, therefore, Iraq has to put a new strategy for its foreign policy.

The research the most important challenges faced and facing the Iraqi economy after the U.S. withdrawal from it, and that hinder the growth of the Iraqi economy and its development and achieve the objectives of its economic development, and most important of these challenges is the problem of unemployment, which is in fact its roots long before the U.S. occupation of Iraq, but were not such dangerous, because some of the measures erroneous taken by the occupation authorities in a timely manner and its goal of destroying paralyze the Iraqi economy, in addition to the existence of problems in the structure and the structure of the Iraqi economy because of wars and blockades Aalaguetsada long him and that increased unemployment problem originally, which failed successive Iraqi governments , after the occupation and after the U.S. withdrawal, that challenge him or to find solutions to them, and despite the U.S. withdrawal, this problem has remained the same that were not had deepened, and the search made some proposals to solve this problem or reduce escalate in order to overcome the disadvantages and problems produced by the problem of unemployment in the Iraqi society, as well as it works on the development and growth of the Iraqi economy