Journal of University of Babylon

Abstract
Colorization is adding colors to black and white images. Colorization attracts the interest of
researchers as it serves wide are of applications such as web technology and medical images
processing. The expected large dimensionality of source datasets, imposes the automation is
mandatory. In this paper, a natural inspired solution is developed for automatic color transferring
from colored to grayscale images. The proposed algorithm can be easily implemented in parallel
and distributed environment. We show that our technique can be applied on broad image types,
with preserving image features such as texture and luminance. The resulting images make our
technique applicable in verity domains. The algorithm is simulated and result is presented using
NetLogo tool.

Our article is for finding complete primitive for two different kinds of linear ordinary differential
equations in a spectral type. First kind is consisting of two different types of coefficients of order two;
one of them is polynomials, where as the other type is continuous functions and both are of real types.
The second kind is for a third order, and here the coefficients of this kind are also several real
polynomials, and in both kinds of spectral linear ordinary differential equations, the coefficients are
converted to the constants via varying the independent variable to a new one. We gave examples to
explain our mechanism.

This research aims to forward the role of challenges in marketing the service (expatriate labor, male
and female, and perfecting the body language) in attracting or alienating customers because they have a
great role in religious tourism and was chosen from the religious tourism sites of Najaf and Kufa for the
post 2003 period. (48) questionnaire. The research hypotheses were tested using a set of statistical methods
and by relying on the SPSS program using the questionnaire as a main tool for collecting the necessary
data and information from the research sample. The research reached a number of conclusions. Services
(expatriate workers, male and female, and mastery of the body) language has a key role in attracting or
alienating customers in the religious tourism sites.The research concluded with a number of
recommendations: the need to address these challenges in one package or separately, which leads to
attracting customers to religious tourism sites widely.

The present study was conducted to produce a low-calorie fat (LCF) characterized by normal
specification of commercial fat and acceptable quality properties, to be used in making low calorie cakes
with Low-calorie fat. The low- calorie fat formulated by blending of beeswax and sunflower oil in three
different ratios (25:75, 50:50, 75:25) w/w. The physiochemical properties of Low-calorie fat and
nutritional, caloric and sensory properties of prepared cakes were evaluated. The properties of melting
point and peroxide value are significantly increased (P≤ 0.05) for the three formulated fats. While the
values of free fatty acids and acid value, their values are higher in A25:75 and C 75:25 samples as
compared with B 50:50 sample. Inversely, the blending level of 25:75 had a higher smoke point score. The
sensory properties of prepared cakes all are insignificant (p>0.05) for control A, B and C samples in terms
of Taste, Favor, Crumb color, Crumb softness, texture and overall score. A nutritional content sash, protein,
carbohydrate, caloric value, caloric decreasing percentage values are significantly (P≤ 0.05) influenced by
control, A, B and C samples. The caloric value of all cake samples is significantly (P≤ 0.05) decreased with
respect to control sample.

This paper illustrates how fractional lacunary for quartic polynomial using spline function has
been constructed. On the other hand the existence, the uniqueness and error bounded for these functions
have been discussed and proved. The goal of this method is to solve fractional differential equations. The
efficiency and pertinence of these new methods are illustrated by giving numerically computing
examples.

Background: Infants of diabetic mother are those born to mother who has persistently elevated blood
sugar during pregnancy. It causes fetal hyperglycemia, which contributed to many complications
happen on those infants.
This study aims To show the outcome of infants of diabetic mothers.
Methods: the study included 100 infant born to diabetic mothers in the period between 1st. April 2015
to 17th. August 2016 . multiple clinical, biochemical and radiographic assessments was done to them to
discover any complication. The results then are compared between infants of treated to non-treated
mothers using SPSS software.
Results: the study found that infants of non-treated diabetic mothers show higher percentage of
complications in comparison to those treated mothers like Hypoglycemia 83%, hypocalcemia 5% and
no hypomagnesemia in treated mothers group while in untreated mothers show 94% hypoglycemia,
29% hypocalcemia and hypomagnesemia 17%. Also the study found higher percentage of respiratory,
cardiac, neurological and genito-renal complication in neonates of non-treated infants compared to
treated one.
Conclusion: Higher clinical &biochemical complications are seen in neonates of non- treated mothers
or poorly control diabetes. Most teratogenic complications occur in infants born to mothers with
diabetes that is poorly controlled.

It has been collect five fishes of Mastacembelus mastacembelus in the days 25\\7 ,30\\7 and 5\\8 of
the year 2018 from the fishermen that fishing from Al-mashrooa river one Km from the floodgate
which connect it with Euphrates River at Al-Musaib region and after dissection and examine it have
been isolate the parasite Centrocestus formosanus phase Excysts metacercaria from the gill and it’s
isolation for the first time then it regarded as new hosts in Iraq.

The hydrology section is divided into two main components, surface water and groundwater.
Estimation of water surplus and natural groundwater recharge in Iraq meteorological data was the aim of
this research. In thirty two meteorological stations , the corrected potential evapotranspiration (PEc) was
compared with monthly and annual rainfall in order to estimate actual evapotranspiration (AE) using water
balance equation. Water surplus was divided into runoff and natural groundwater recharge where runoff
coefficient method was used to estimate runoff. The obtained mathematical relatio nship between rainfall
with both water surplus and actual evapotranspiration can be used to estimate these two parameters directly
from rainfall. The results indicate that water surplus increased towards north-east direction of Iraq, while
the minimum values of runoff and groundwater recharge located in western desert of Iraq. The climate
conditions of desert was the major influence on reducing rainfall and rising temperature resulting
decreasing water surplus, runoff and groundwater recharge.

There are many methods used for solving the Blind Source Separation problem, such as Independent
Component Analysis which became the most commonly used method. ICA methods depend on one of two
properties: sample dependency or non-Gaussianity. In our study, the cocktail-party problem processed
using ICA method.
In this work, we studied the performance of two techniques with the independent component analysis is
standard FastICA, and PSO; and compare the results of each algorithm with others according to some
evaluation metrics (objective such as SNR and SDR ) and (subjective such as signals plotting and playing).
The implement of these algorithms was to be made with two source signals and three source signals. As in
the evaluation process, the PSO gives more accurate results than FastICA.
Many input speech signals of 8 KHz sampling frequency, that achieve i.i.d. condition and well-condition
were tested for different speeches for men and/or women, also music

This study aims to discover the implication of social media in the enhancement of marketing
communications in Carrefour chain stores in Erbil Province -Iraq. Current years have witnessed the rise of
new media channels such as Facebook, YouTube, and Twitter. These platforms allow consumers to take
additional active flexible roles as market players and reach almost everyone anywhere and anytime. Also, the
new media will put pressure of long established business models and company strategies, but in the same
time it will provide plenty opportunities for growth through new adaptive strategies. Social media marketing
domain represents a influential instrument for businesses to reach, connect and build strong relationships
with their customers. Software package SPSS-20 has been used to analyze the data in order to run statistical
tools like average, frequency analysis and chi square. Based on the analysis a conclusion has been drawn that
use of social media will enhance marketing communications in Carrefour chain stores in Erbil.

In this paper we introduce semi-normed difference operator triple sequence spaces by using a double
Orlicz-functions, so we study their diff erent properties like completeness, solidity, monotonicity,
symmetricity etc.

The research aims to highlight the knowledge management processes in achieving tax excellence of the
General Authority for Taxation as a service provider that provides many services to taxpayers and companies.
The more the Authority can adopt new concepts to increase unders tanding and knowledge of how they are
interested in the acquisition, organization and transfer of knowledge and work to provide an appropriate work
environment, In attracting new taxpayers, and building long-term relationships with them, whenever reflected on
performance and tax excellence. To this end, research in the analysis of its variables will depend on the
questionnaire as a main tool for collecting data and information,
In order to deepen the answer to the following problems, we have asked the following questions: What
are the knowledge management processes and the readiness of the General Authority for Taxation? What are the
dimensions of knowledge management processes (knowledge acquisition, knowledge organization, transfer of
knowledge) The study is based on the importance of research on this issue by identifying the extent to which
knowledge management processes affect the achievement of tax excellence, especially since tax is considered
one of the main resources of the state, especially the developing countries.The research aims to highlight the knowledge management processes in achieving tax excellence of the
General Authority for Taxation as a service provider that provides many services to taxpayers and companies.
The more the Authority can adopt new concepts to increase unders tanding and knowledge of how they are
interested in the acquisition, organization and transfer of knowledge and work to provide an appropriate work
environment, In attracting new taxpayers, and building long-term relationships with them, whenever reflected on
performance and tax excellence. To this end, research in the analysis of its variables will depend on the
questionnaire as a main tool for collecting data and information,
In order to deepen the answer to the following problems, we have asked the following questions: What
are the knowledge management processes and the readiness of the General Authority for Taxation? What are the
dimensions of knowledge management processes (knowledge acquisition, knowledge organization, transfer of
knowledge) The study is based on the importance of research on this issue by identifying the extent to which
knowledge management processes affect the achievement of tax excellence, especially since tax is considered
one of the main resources of the state, especially the developing countries.

Abstract
This study was conducted at the poultry farm of the Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of
Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, for the period from 12/8/2018 to 26/9/2018. The object of this
study was to evaluate the impact of the inclusion of probiotics (Pro) on growth performance, carcass traits,
and jejunum morphology in broiler chickens that suffering from calcium (Ca) and available phosphorus (avP)
deficiency. A total of 1440 1-d-old broilers chicks (Ross 308) were used, on the first day, birds were randomly
allotted to one of the 4 treatments: (1) control diet (0.96% Ca and 0.48% avP) as recommended by the Ross
308 strain guidelines; (2) Low1 (0.864 % Ca and 0.432% avP); (3) Low2 (0.768 % Ca and 0.384% avP); and
(4) Low3 (0.672 % Ca and 0.336% avP). Each treatment contained on 36 replicates and 12 chicks for each
replicate except the control treatment as it contained on 12 replicates and 12 chicks for replicate. On 11 d,
each treatment of low Ca and avP treatments, except control treatment, were divided into the following six
groups (low1, low2 and low3 with probiotics( or (low1, low2 and low3 without probiotics). The completely
randomized design was used in the experimental design. The results showed no significant differences among
treatments in terms of weight gain and feed intake, while the feed conversion ratio was impacted by lowcalcium
and phosphorus with or without probiotics. Where the feed conversion ratio has improved in the
birds fed the Low Ca and avP diets or birds fed the Low-Ca avP+Pro diets when compared with those fed
the control group (P<.0001). Dietary treatments did not affect the relative weight of parts and internal organs
of the carcass (P>0.05). Additionally, the villus height, crypt depth and villus height to crypt depth ratio were
improved in birds that fed low-calcium and phosphorus diets with Probiotics when compared with birds that
fed low-calcium and phosphorus diets without probiotics. In conclusion, it is possible to decrease dietary Ca
and avP levels by 10%, 20%, and 30% during the grower and finisher phases without affecting growth
performance, carcass characteristics, internal organs, and intestinal morphology. Also, the addition of
probiotics did not affect the traits studied above except for morphology intestinal.
Research paper from the Ph.D. thesis for the first author

The study area along the northeast border of Iraq is a perfect location to test the notion of an index
to predict relative tectonic activity, as well as being considered a very characteristic area as include three
main tectonic zones (High Folded Zone, Imbricate Zone and Zagros Suture Zone). This study area has
variable rates of active tectonics resulting from the collision of Arabian and Iranian plates. This study aims
at highlighting the possibility of information systems programs in building a morphometric geographic
database of the Rawanduz River Basin, which is one of the main basins of the Greater Zab River using
Shuttle Radar Topographic Mission (SRTM), Digital Elevation Model (DEM 90 m) data to evaluate the
drainage condition of this river with the help of Geographical Information Systems (GIS) and Remote
Sensing. The morphometric analysis of the Rawanduz drainage basin has been executed during
measurement of linear, areal and relief aspects as well as we offer a new process for estimate relative active
tectonics according on geomorphic indices useful in evaluating morphology and topography. A total of 26
sub-basins were delineated in the Rawanduz River Basin. Geomorphic indices used include: drainage basin
asymmetry (Af), ratio of valley-floor width to valley height (Vf), index of drainage basin shape (Bs), and
index of mountain front sinuosity (Smf). Results from the analysis are accumulated and expressed as an
index of relative active tectonics (Iat), which we divide into four classes from relatively low to higher
tectonic activity.

This paper efficiently applies the Adomian Decomposition Method and Modified Adomian
Decomposition Method as computational techniques to locate the semi-analytical solution or semiapproximate
solution for the considered nonlinear Integro Differential Equations for the fractional-order
(IFDE) of the Volterra-Hammerstein (V-H) type, in which the higher-multi fractional derivative is
described in the Caputo sense.In this procedure, we radically change the IFDE’s of V-H type into some
iterative algebraic equations and the solution of this equations is considered as the sum of the countless
sequence of components typically converging to the solution based on the noise terms where a closed-form
solution is not obtainable, a truncated number of terms is usually used for numerical purposes.Finally,
examples are prepared to illustrate these considerations.

Much digital instrumentation and control systems embedded in the critical medical healthcare
equipment, aerospace devices, and nuclear industry have obvious consequence of different failure modes.
These failures can affect the behavior of the overall safety-critical digital system and its ability to deliver its
dependability attributes if any defected area that could be a hardware component or software code embedded
inside the digital system is not detected and repaired appropriately. The safety and reliability analysis of
safety-critical systems can be accomplished with Markov modeling techniques which could express the
dynamic and regenerative behavior of the digital control system. Certain states in the s ystem represent system
failure, while others represent fault free behavior or correct operation in the presence of faults. This paper
presents the development of a safety and reliability modeling of a digital feedwater control system using
Markov-based chain models. All the Markov states and the transitions between these states were assumed
and calculated from the control logic for the digital control system. Finally, based on the simulation results
of modeling the digital feedwater control system, the system does meet its reliability requirement with the
probability of being in fully operational states is 0.99 over a 6 months’ time

Water quality is an important issue in ground water studies and is just as important as its quantity
owing to the fitting of water for various purposes.
The main objectives of this study are to determine the chemical and physical characteristics of
ground water of Ainsifni Pila Spi aquifer and to asses its quality for determining its suitability for
domestics and irrigation purpose and to compare the concentration of both cations and anions with that
of WHO. Ground water samples were collected from 8 drilling wells, during field work in Sept. 2014,
for the analysis of their chemical composition of major cations and anions. The analysis comprises
physical and chemical parameters of ground water such as; EC, pH, TDS, Na, K, Ca, Mg. HCO3, CO3,
SO4, CL and NO3.
Chemical parameters such as, total hardness (TH), sodium percent (Na%) and sodium adsorption
ratio (SAR), were calculated, based on the analytical results of ground water samples.
Basement rocks of the studied area which is crop out at the surface of ainsifni anticline, are
represented by Pila Spi Formation of Middle Miocene age which consist of limestone. It is overlain by
Quaternary sediments which are highly permeable beds.
Hydrochemical analysis are analyzed graphically using Piper diagram to determine the suitability
and type of the groundwater. Sodium adsorption ratio (SAR) and sodium percentage (Na%) are also
calculated to show the suitability of ground water for agricultural irrigation.
According to the results of chemical analysis of ground water samples, types of water are of
CaHCO3 and mix Ca-Mg-HCO3. More over ground water samples are of moderate TDS which is
within the specification of (TDS) values set up by the WHO, medium TH and generally groundwater of
the studied are is of alkalinity in nature.
The over all quality of ground water samples of the studied area in most chemical constituents is
on the moderate side in comparing with that of WHO due to its unique location away from any
behavior of environmental pollutants. Rainfall water is the only source of replenishment to the
groundwater aquifer.

The closed shell of neutrons or protons means there is no boson numbers, which are important
for applying IBM models. The properties of nuclear structure for isotopes depend on the boson
numbers. If they are small the vibrational properties will appear or nearby from these properties. our
theoretical results using two models (IBM-1 and IBM-2) are acceptable matching regard to the energy
levels with the experimental data, electric transitions and potential energy surface. For neutron number
82,84Kr is nearby 50 closed shell which has transition properties between U(5) and O(6), 132,134Xe is
nearby 80 has U(5) properties and nearby 126 but for 202,204Hg have different properties.

The concept of biological controls and the use of algal extracts as antimicrobial substance has received
widespread of attentions over the past few years. Therefore, the present study aimed to determine
antimicrobial activities of Spirulina platensis and also Analysis of Amino acid profile by HPLC. For
achieve this goal two different organic solvents have been used for extracts of Spirulina platensis, which
were ethanol, and ethyl acetate. Crude extract of Spirulina platensis was tested in vitro against Salmonella
Typhi (ATCC:14028), Streptococcus pyogenes (ATCC:19165) and Candida albicans (ATCC:10231) with
Agar well diffusion method (1\\10 W\\V), additionally HPLC determined amino acid profile and the protein
percentage per dry weight of extract. The results of present study declared that antimicrobial activity of
crude extract of Spirulina platensis by ethanol was more effective than ethyl acetate, the highest inhibition
zone was recorded against Candida albicans which was 19.5mm (ethanol solvent) and estimated protein
percentage was 18.12 % in dry weight of Spirulina platensis.

Spices are mainly used as additives to diets in different countries, including our country, so it is
necessary to ensure that they are free of radioactive substances harmful to human health . This research
aimed to measure the concentrations of alpha emitters , and measure the annual effective dose AED
resulting from the intake of radon. The CR-39 detector used to measure radon, radium, and uranium
concentrations in the 24 spices samples selected from markets . In this work the radon concentrations in
the samples were found to vary from 65.102 to 195.30 Bq/m3 with 126.47 Bq/m3 a mean value, this
mean value is a small amount over 100 Bq/m3 the reference level limits of the World Health
Organization (WHO), below 200 Bq/m3 of the UK Board of National Radiation Protection (NRPB)
limits and below the level of the European Recommendation Commission. The annual radon effective
dose varied between 1.642-4.927 mSv/y which is within the range of 0.2-10 mSv/y of (UNSCEAR).
Radium contents vary between 0.446-1.367 Bq/Kg with 0.943 Bq/Kg as a mean value. The range of
uranium activity concentrations is between 4.408-13.520 Bq/Kg with a mean value of 9.322 Bq/Kg.
This work identified and measured the specified concentrations of radionuclide present in spices showed
that spices are safe for consumption.

Seemingly, it is not easy to finding a norm on the center closure of a normed algebra. Cabrera and Mohammed in [1,2], they defined a norm on the center closure of two classes of algebras namely totally multiplicatively prime and associative totally prime algebras. In this paper, we prove the same result in a general setting by considering the class of non-associative totally prime algebras which have a prime multiplication algebra

This study was conducted in the artificial insemination centre which located in Abu Ghraib / Baghdad/ Iraq from 1st October /2018 to April/2019 by using nine bulls at age between 2-8 years old and their weight between 600-800 kilograms from Holstein breed born in Iraq and have been trained for semen collection by artificial vagina method. The aim of study was to determine the optimal age for bulls used for artificial insemination and test their semens for insemination according to spccific indicators to achieve better pregnancy ratio possibly. The required investigations for semen evaluation involved colour, concentration , mass and individual movement as well as semen pH were implemented. The animals were divided based on their ages into three sub groups, 1st group from 2-4 years old , 2nd group from 4-6 years old and the 3rd group from 6-8 years under ideal conditions with respect to healthy conformation, feeding and heath management according to the Artificial insemination center. 72 ejaculations hadbeen collected over seven months by artificial vagina method at rate one ejaculation per bull weekly. The results of current study revealed that ejaculation volume in experimental bulls did not differ significantly(p>0.05) by differences of age categories which, 6.80 ±0.27 and 6.84 ± 0.60 ml for age category 6.38±0.37 amounted 2-4, 4-6 and 6-8 years old respectively. Regarding to mass movement of sperms, it was found positive marker in small age (39.26±1.66%) compared to middle age (33.04±2.46%) and old age (20.90±2.43%) with significant difference (p<0.01), moreover, there was a significant difference(p<0.05) between the middle and old ages and tend to be of middle age. Also, the individual movement of sperms was grater in small age (51.29±1.70%) compared to middle age (41.52±2.25%) and old age (29.77±2.83%) at significant difference (p<0.01) with signed difference(p<0.05) between middle and old age that tend to be to middle ages. With respect to sperm concentration there was in significant differences (P<0.01) of all age groups which Ponto lout the following results 1461.27±304.17, 1237.26±56.83 and 1558.53±432.04% for age grop 2-4, 4-6 and 6-8 years old respectively. Concerning semen pH, the results were showed that no significant differences(p<0.05) among of all age group that recorded the following results 6.60±0.02, 6.59±0.02 and 6.61±0.03% of ages 2-4, 4-6 and 6-8 years old respectively .The length of sperm head was high in old age (7.95±0.01) compared to middle age (7.16±0.02) and small age (7.09±0.03) with significant difference (p<0.01), also the width of sperm head recorded the significant difference(p<0.05) in favor of old age group (6-8) years old. The results showed that the elliptic form of sperm head was good in old age group (1.908 ± 0.010)μm compared with middle age group (1.772 ± 0.004) μm and small age group (1.778 ± 0.004)μm with significant difference (p <0.01). The elongation and regularity of the sperm head recorded a significant superiority(p<0.05) of the old group (6-8) years . in conclusion ,can be concluded that some semen characteristics were optimum in middle ages group and tend to be in favorable in this age groups ,so that the age exact positive and negative effect on characteristic of semen.

Data stream clustering alludes to the way toward gathering persistently arriving new information
pieces into consistently changing gatherings to empower dynamic examination of division designs. Be that
as it may, the fundamental consideration of research on clustering techniques till now has been worried
about modification of the strategies refreshed for static datasets and changes of the accessible adjusted
techniques. This paper shows a novel clustering (AEIS) method that distinguish stationary articles in online
stage and gatherings in disconnected stage from information stream. A tale way to deal with discovery of
stationary objects in the information streams is introduced. Stationary objects are these isolated from the
static foundation, yet staying unmoving for a drawn out time. Extraction of stationary objects from images
is helpful in programmed location of numerous applications, for example, unattended baggage, following
an article like creatures, rockets, or reflected waves. The proposed method depends on discovery of image
districts containing forefront picture pixels having stable qualities in time and checking their
correspondence with the distinguished showing up/vanishing objects. In the primary phase of the method,
steadiness of individual pixels having a place with items is tried utilizing a built model. Next, groups of
pixels with stable shading (black) are separated from the image. Along these lines, stationary objects are
recognized. The consequences of the calculation might be examined further by the classifier, isolating
explicit objects (like baggage, creatures, rockets) from different objects, and the choice framework for
unattended items identification. The primary focal point of the paper is on the method for extraction of
stable image areas. Notwithstanding, a total structure for unattended objects location is likewise exhibited
so as to demonstrate that the proposed methodology gives information to fruitful occasion identification.
The aftereffects of tests wherein the proposed method was approved utilizing synthesised dataset are
exhibited and talked about.

Previously the concept of π-projective modules over ring was studied by some authors. The aim
of this research is to give a comprehensive study of π-projective semimodule and access to some new
properties and characterizations for this class of semimodules.
Let S be a commutative semiring with identity 1≠0 and T a unital left semimodule, then we say
that T is π-projective if for every two subsemimodules M and L of T with T=M+L, there exist f and g
ϵEnd(T), such that f +g=1T, f(T)⊆M and g(T)⊆L.

This experiment was designed in the field of animal production of the Technical College / Al-
Musayyib to study the effect of adding Mentha pulegium and thymus Vulgaris powder and their
mixture to the diet of broiler on the performance and some blood parameters. In this experiment, 96
chick strain Ross308 one day old was used with avarge weight of 40 g / chick distributed on the basis
of a completely random design on four treatments, each treatment contained two replicates, 24 chicks /
treatment. Treatments were, first treatment (control diet that does not contain any addition), the second
treatment (control diet + Mentha Pulegium powder 0.6%), the third treatment (control diet + Thymus
Vulgaris powder 0.6%) and the fourth treatment (control diet + mixture of Mentha Pulegium and
Thymus Vulgaris powder 0.6% ). The results of the experiment showed significant differences
(p0.05)in the final weight of the fourth and second treatment respectively compared with the other
treatments, it also the results of statistical analysis showed the presence of significant differences
(p0.05) in the rate of feed intake that was in favor of the fourth treatment that was less consumed to
diet, while the control treatment had consumption of feed intake more than other treatments. The
results of the experiment also showed the presence of a food conversion factor with significant
differences (p0.05)in favor of the fourth treatment. The dress weight of the fourth treatment was
Higher than other treatments of the experiment.

The electric properties of Al/Cv device system has been studied according to investigating and
calculation the electron transport rate based on theoretical calculation and transition model. A classical
model coupled with quantum model has been used to describe the rate of electrons at contact of Al metal
with Crystal violet [Tris (4-(dimethylamino) phenyl methylium chloride] (Cv) dye has chemical formula
C25H30CIN3. Two solvent Diethyl ether and Acetonitrile are used with non-homogeneous system for
different absorption wave length 600,625,650,675 and 700 nm for Cv dye and the system is studied at room
temperature. The effect of transition energy, potential and absorption energy on the transport rate in Al/Cv
interface are studied and discussed. Rate of electrons in Al/Cv system is founded to be increasing with
increasing the transition energy, increasing wave length and decreasing the potential for system in both
solvents media. Our result shows that, at large transition energy and increasing wave length, the system has
good electric properties and vice versa .Data show that Acetonitrile solvent is more suitable media for
better electronic transfer rate in Al/Cv dye system

In this study, isolates of Rhizoctonia has been isolated from several host plants belonging to different geographic
areas from Basrah and recipes all isolates were identical to the species R. solani. Based pathogenicity test the results
showed that all isolates were significantly reduced in the percentage of seeds cabbage germination ranged 0 - 66.7%,
while BRs15 isolate (96.7%) did not showed significant differences compare with the control treatment (100). The DNA
extraction experiments for R. solani isolates revealed the efficiency of Lysis buffer procedure to get a high DNA yield
and that it’s a good quality. The results of restriction fragment length polymorphism technique (RFLP) using RS1 and
RS4 primers showed that the bands size for R. solani isolates obtained between 500-522 bp, restriction technique results
using enzymes AvaII, HincII, MseI and MunI showed that Rs2 isolate belong to the group AG1-IB, while Rs5, Rs16,
Rs27, Rs29 and the standard isolate (AG2) belong to the group AG2-2, while Rs9 isolate belongs to group AG11 so
Rs30 isolate belongs to group AG3-PT.