Al Mustansiriyah Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences

The aim of this study is to investigate the activity of the ethanolic extract of Cnicus
benedictus L. on pathogenic bacteria such as Escherichia coli , Bacillus pumillus ,
Staphylococcus aureus and Micrococcus . In the clinical significance of these characteristics
being causing the infections . The results of this study are showed that the ethanol extract of
leaves has an affective impact by inhibiting the growth of these microorganisms in Vitro. The
highest rate of inhibition of the ethanol extract for the leaves against Bacillus pumillus is
reached to (18) mm at the concentration (75) mg/ml, but the least inhibition is (9) at the
concentration (25)mg/ml compared to the inhibition of the both antibiotics Gentamicin (CN)
(18)mm and Ceftriaxone (CRO) (Zero)mm as control, Whereas the (MIC) for Staph.aureus is
reached to (13) mm at the concentration (25)mg/ml compared to the both antibiotics (CRO)
and (CN) respectively (19 and 6)mm. The results also showed that the (MIC) to inhibit the
E.coli is (8)mm at concentration (50)mg/ml compared to the both antibiotics (CRO) and (CN)
respectively (Zero and Zero)mm whereas the (MIC) to inhibit Micrococcus bacteria is
(11)mm at the concentration (25)mg/ml compared to the two antibiotics (CRO) and (CN)
respectively (22 and 27 )mm. The results shown that the ethanol extract for the leaves has a
significant inhibitory effect against some species of pathological bacteria using in the study.
In addition , the results of the primary chemical investigation are indicated that the ethanol
extract of the Cnicus benedictus L. leaves contained many active compounds alkaloids ,
flavonoids , Phenoles , tannins and the terpenes.
Key words: Cnicus benedictus L. ,Inhibitory activity , preparatory primary investigation , antibiotics.

Six types of extracts were prepared for henna leaves (Lawsonia inermis) and Juglans Regia
bark, by using distilled water, 1 M phosphate buffer (pH 7.0), 1 M sodium acetate buffer (pH
6.0), 1 M Tris-HCl buffer (pH 8.0), ethanol and methanol alcohol. The antibacterial activities
of the henna and J. regia extracts were determined using the agar disc diffusion on nutrient
agar for each one of Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella typhi, Pseudomonas aeruginosa,
Escherichia coli and Candida albicans. The results of the phytochemical screening of henna
extract revealed the presence of alkaloids, glycosides, terpens, anthraquinones, tannins and
phenols, whilst flavonoids, saponins, steroids, resins and coumarines gave negative test, on
the other hand, result indicate the presence of alkaloids, glycosides, flavonoids, tannins,
saponins, phenols, steroids and anthraquinones, whereas the terpens, resins, and coumarines
gave negative test in J. Regia bark extract. The highest antimicrobial activity was observed
upon using 10 gm % (w:v) of henna extracted by 1M phosphate buffer (pH 7.0), and 10 gm %
(w:v) of J. regia bark extracted with 1M sodium acetate buffer (pH 6.0), after mixing for 4
hours. The best concentration of henna and J. regia bark extract on discs that gave the high
antimicrobial activity against the tested microorganisms was 10 mg/ml.
Key words: henna, Juglans Regia, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella typhi, Pseudomonas
aeruginosa, Escherichia coli and Candida albicans, Juglans Regia, Lawsonia inermis,
antimicrobial.

Infertility in women ranked the eighth highest serious global disability and thus the need for
health care is conventional to the rights of personal with disability. Infectious agents can
impair reproduction as well as many important human vital functions. Cytomegalovirus
(CMV) and Rubella viruses are the commonest viral infections in prenatal period and they are
the leading causes for congenital infections that may ends with fetal death and spontaneous
abortion. This study was constructed on infertile women attendingAbdull-Majeed private
hospital in Baghdad of the period from 6/2014 to 11/2015. Eighty-five infertile women aged
from 18 -40 years tested for the presence of recent or past infection with cytomegalovirus or
rubella virus. Another forty-two pregnant women with no history of abortion were included as
normal control. For the purpose of comparison, cases were distributed on two age groups.
Both groups were tested for the presence of anti-CMV and anti-rubella antibodies, IgM and
IgG by using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) (mono bind Microplate reader
awareness, US). About 54.1% of infertile women found to be infected with CMV compared
to 60.2% of normal control, while 34.1% of infertile women found to be infected with Rubella
virus compared to 42.8% of normal control. Absence of anti-rubella IgG (indicator of past
infection or vaccination) in 69.4% of infertile women compared to 62.9% of normal control.

TGFB1 gene encodes a member of the transforming growth factor beta (TGFB) family of
cytokines, that play multifunctional roles in regulation the proliferation, differentiation, and
other functions in different cell types. Therefore, we collected thirty samples from Yarmouk
hospital in Baghdad ,Iraq.
Twenty- nine from women patients carrying Breast cancer and the last one was from healthy
woman. and the samples that we have taken were embedded in paraffin wax, The extracted
RNA from each samples was used to check the expression of TGFB1 gene via Real time
PCR.
We designed primers of TGFB1 gene on encoded sequence (Exon), to make sure generation
a specific PCR product of TGFB1 gene by converting mRNA to cDNA then PCR Product ,
The expression of each samples was fluctuated between 0.1 fold to 0.2 fold compared with the
control ( the healthy sample). The highest expression showed was samples 14 with 0.2 fold ,
and the lowest expression showed was samples 27 with approximately 0.1 fold that is similar
relatively compared with control expression .
The results indicate that tumor may affects on a TGFB1 gene and can increase the gene
expression, and eventually can increase the TGFB1 protein that can be used for upregulation
of the cells that carried the cancer.

New series of sulfamethoxazole containing -4-thiazolidinone ring (compounds IV(a-f)) have
been synthesized and evaluated for their antibacterial activity against gram positive bacteria &
gram negative bacteria. These compounds expected to have higher antibacterial activity than
sulfamethoxazole, due to the presence of 4-thiazolidinone pharmacophore.
The purity of the synthesized compounds was detected by determination of physical
properties (melting points &Rf values). The chemical structure of the intermediate and final
compounds was characterized and confirmed by measuring FT-IR spectroscopy, elemental
microanalysis (CHNS) and 1H-Nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR) spectroscopy.
The preliminary study of antimicrobial activity of the final compounds were evaluated by well
diffusion method. All tested compounds exert significant antibacterial activity against gram
positive bacteria and gram negative bacteria especially Escherichia coli,
Klebsiellapneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pyougenes, which compared
to DMSO as control, and sulfamethoxazole as standard.
In comparison of the antibacterial activity results among the tested compounds, the results
showed that compound (IVf) may regard the best one and compound (IVc) the lower one.
These results encourage further evaluation of these compounds for different antimicrobial
activities.

The present study deals with the phytochemical, nutritional, mineral contents and in vitro
antioxidant activity of Commiphora myrrha. Preliminary phytochemical result indicate that
the plant contain phenolic compounds, flavonoids, tannins, glycosides, alkaloids, terpenoids
and quinines. Secondary Metabolites has been estimate quantitatively, the highest
concentration of tannins 3677.1 ±2.15 mg/100g and then for alkaloids 1880 mg/100g, sterols
155.215 ±1.00 mg/100g, and Flavonoids 47.266 ±0.013 mg/100g and phenolic compounds
30.647 ±2.481 mg/100g. Nutritional Profiling, minerals and antioxidant activity were
determined. Flavonoids and glycosides isolated were exhibited lower reducing power and
scavenging ability than ascorbic acid
Key words: Secondary metabolites, Nutritional, Antioxidant activity, Commiphora myrrha

Probiotic are alive microorganisms presented in food and dietary supplements,
probiotics beneficially affect the individual by improving the intestinal microbial
balance properties . This study revealed anew pathway of siderophore attenuation in
Pseudomonas aeruginosa, using Lactobacillus. Out of forty P. aeruginosa isolates , 20
isolates were siderophore produced , Cell free supernatant (CFS) and Cell free culture (CFC)
of Lactobacillus the antimicrobial agent were able to produce zones of inhibition against P.
aeruginosa growth in average (8-15 mm) and (9-15 mm) by CFS and CFC respectively .These
antimicrobial agent also were able to attenuate the pathogenicity of P. aeruginosa by
prevent its ability to siderophore production.
Key words: Pseudomonas , Siderophore , Lactobacillus.

4-aminobenzenesulfonamide derivatives were linked to α-carbon of naproxen a non-selective
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) to increase its size, so; increase its selectivity
toward COX-2 enzyme, rather than COX-1 enzyme, that lead to reduce gastrointestinal side
effects of this drug.
The chemical structures of the synthesized compounds and their intermediates were
confirmed and characterized using elemental microanalysis (CHN), FTIR, and other
physicochemical properties like melting points, Rf values.
Key words: amine derivatives, anti-inflammatory Agents, derivatives of naproxen

The process of molecular domestication which had been occured in some DNA transposons
(2nd class of transposable elements) led to the formation of novel genes, which are called
“Neogenes”. These neogenes may play an important role in the human genetic instability,
human diseases and cancer. One of these Neogene is nuclear apoptosis-inducing factor
1(NAIF1) which inducing apoptosis in various human cancers.
The aim of this work is to study the expression of NAIF1 Neogene in leukaemia cell lines.
The protein expression of NAIF1gene has been studied by western blot method in seven leu
kaemia cell lines (HL60, NB4, KG1, KG1a, ML2, THP1 and U937) and in a healthy tissue of
blood as a control.
The result of this study showed that the protein expression of NAIF1 in leukaemia cell lines
were found in variable degree of expression, which was highly expressed in healthy blood tis
sue.
From the results of this work, it can be concluded that NAIF1 protein may have a role in inhi
bition of proliferation, migration and invasion of leukaemia by inducing apoptosis, which
need further research and confirmation.
Keywords: DNA transposons, Domestication, Neogene, NAIF1, microsatellite instable, mi
crosatellite stable, and leukaemia cell lines.

Poisoning is an important clinical emergency and represents a major contributor to morbidity
and mortality worldwide. However, early diagnosis and management of poisoning
significantly affect mortality and morbidity as well as health care costs. Understanding the
characteristic of poisoning cases is important for treatment. The present study investigated the
characteristic of poisoning cases in Baghdad Poisoning Control Center (PCC). Data on all
poisoning cases reported in Baghdad PCC during 2014 were retrospectively obtained from the
medical records. A total of 804 reports of poisoning caseswere analyzed according to
geographical distribution, age of victims, gender, the type and class of poisoning agent, and
the follow up after poisoning. The results of this study showed thenecessity to continue
collecting data of patients admitted to emergency departments and poisoning control centers
andaddress the main obstacles facing the management of poisoning cases and decrease
morbidity and mortality.
Key words: Baghdad PCC, Poisoning cases, Toxicity reports

This study was done in Samarra city from 2-8-2015 until 22-12-2015 and 105 sample was
collectedand divided to three groups. The first group 35 patientswere take Ranitidine as
antiulcer drug and 35 patients were take Omeprazole antiulcer drug and 35 subjects as control.
Patientscomparison were done between each group with control get a result if there is any
effect on Liver function that the result were decrease in Alanine transferese (ALT), Aspartate
transferese (AST), Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and serum Total Protein (S. Total Protein),
and we observed both of Ranitidine and Omeprazole not effect on total serum bilirubin
(T.S.B) . The comparison between the two drugs in the impact on function convergent.
Key words: Ranitidine ,Omeprazole, antiulcer drug, Liver function

Metformin, a biguanide, first line antidiabetic agent, undergoes extensive debate to explain its
possible cardioprotective effect. This study represents an attempt to help clarifying this
cardioprotective effect. 24rats divided into three diabetic group (8 rats for each) (diabetes
induced by Streptozocin 60 mg/kgi.p.). Diabetic groups treated with (saline, 75 mg/kg
metformin and 150 mg/kg metformin, i.p.) for 6 weeks, then cardiac stress was induced by
isoproterenol (ISO) (150 mg/kg i.p.) for two successive days. Selective biomarkers were
assessed; brain natriuretic peptide (BNP), matrix metalloproteinase - 1 (MMP-1) and
histopathology examination. The results of this study showed that metformin produce a dose
dependent cardioprotection effect in diabetic rats.

The aim was to evaluate the in vitro antibacterial activity of three concentrations (50, 75 and
100 µg/ml) of aqueous and ethanoliccrudeextractsofmiswak(Salvadorapersica) on
threepathogenic bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenesand Pseudomonas
aeruginosa)using agar well-diffusion method.Phytochemical analysis revealed that the
extracts contained alkaloids, flavonoids, phenols, tannins and steroids. Antibacterial
evaluations demonstrated that both extracts inhibited the growth of the investigated bacteria in
a concentration-dependent manner, but the aqueous extract was more efficient than the
ethanolicextract.Thehighest growth-inhibition (GI) zone(22.1± 2.3mm)was observed in the
culture ofP. aeruginosaat the concentration 100 µg/mlof the aqueous extract, while the lowest
(12.3± 1.2 mm) was inthe culture of S.aureus using the ethanolic extract at the concentration
50 µg/ml. These findings suggest the antibacterial potential of Salvadorapersica stem, which
might be related to its chemical constituents..
Keywords: Salvadorapersica, Chemical analysis, Antibacterial activity.

Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by number of immune regulatory
abnormalities. Cytokines are small, biologically highly active proteins that regulate the
growth, function, and differentiation of cells and help directing the immune response and
inflammation, contribute to the induction or persistence of the inflammatory processes in
psoriasis. Intensive research is ongoing to understand the mechanisms involved in the
development of psoriasis and offer new treatment options for patients suffering from this
disease.
This study was conducted to evaluate serum IL-18, TNF-α and hs-CRP levels among Iraqi
psoriatic patients and to assess their relation to disease severity depending on Psoriasis Area
and Severity Index (PASI). A 65 patients with psoriasis (42 females and 23 males), with mean
age (35±13) years old, and 25 apparently healthy volunteers (15 females and 10 males) with
no symptoms or history of psoriasis or other allergic or skin disorders (control group) were
conducted in this study. Patients were divided into two groups according to the severity of
their psoriasis, 20 cases diagnosed as moderate psoriasis (PASI ˂ 15) and 45 cases diagnosed
as severe (PASI ≥ 15).
The results demonstrated significant elevation of IL-18, TNF-α and hs-CRP levels in both
groups of psoriatic patients compared with control group, and a significant positive linear
correlation was found between IL-18, hs-CRP and severity of the disease.
These results identify IL-18 and hs-CRP as mediators in the pathogenesis of psoriasis and can
be considered as useful markers to assess psoriasis and may be considered as useful follow-up
markers for monitoring patients with psoriasis.
Key words: psoriasis, IL-18, TNF-α, hs-CRP, PASI.

Objective: this research is to identify the chemical composition of essential oil of the aerial
parts of A.abrotanum L. that grown in Iraq and used recently only for decorative purpose.
Method: After collection of the aerial parts the essential oil extracted by hydro-distillation
using Clevenger apparatus, then the oil are analyzed by GC/MS.
Result: The obtained results show the presence of 14 compounds. The most important
constituents are: Eucalyptol (1, 8-cineole), O-cymene, Camphor, Terpineol, Borneol,
Longipinocarvone, Limonene, and Aromadendrene.
Conclusion: This study analyzes the chemical constituents of the essential oil of A.abrotanum.
The essential oil extracted by hydrodistillation then analyzed by GC/MS. 14 Compounds were
identified. Due to good result obtained from the essential oil from this plant so further studies
chemically and clinically of the active compounds is required.
Key words: Southernwood; Artemisia abrotanum; Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometer;
Volatile Oils.

Background: hyperbilirubinemia develop in all newborns and resolves within the first several
weeks after birth. Clofibrate is planned for management of indirect hyperbilirubinemia Aim:
to evaluate Benefit of Clofibrate on indirect hyperbilirubinemia in newborn. Patients and
Methods: this is a case- control study of 100 neonates on clofibrate and 100 neonates control
groups, both with jaundice enrolled in fifty sex months from June 2008- March 2013 in the
Tikrit hospital and personal doctor\'s office ,Clofibrate group received clofibrate
100mg/kg.Evaluation of TSB reduction at different intervals regarding admission day,after
12-hr, 24-hr and4-day compare with control Results:The12-hr,24-hr,4-days reduction in TSB
of clofibrate group were higher19.74±1.72mg/dl , 15.49±1.16mg/dl, 10.4±1.7mg/dL than in
control group 17.11 ± 2.02 mg/dL, 16.09± 1.96mg/dL, 13.6±1.52mg/dL respectively with
overall significant (P = .031944) The diminished need for phototherapy (P = 0.0198) and
hospitalization time (P = 0.025) in clofibrate group were significantly important compare with
control group Conclusion: Clofibrate (100mg) solitary dose used in neonates safely because
decreasing bilirubin additionally reduce phototherapy , hospitalization time in neonates
appeared within 24 hr and full action of clofibrate appeared between 24hr up to 96 hr.
Key Words: Clofibrate, phototherapy, newborn, bilirubin

Background : Vitamin D, play a role in maintain oral health through it is effect on bone and
mineral metabolism as well as it is effect on innate immunity. In addition most recent studies
confirmed it is antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory effect.
Aims: To evaluate the effect of Vitamin D supplement on gingival index, salivary
Immnoglobuline A ( SIgA) secretion rate,salivary flow rate( SFR) and salivary PH. As
antimicrobial and anti-inflmmtory effect.
Subjects and methods: Out of 132 patients, 28 with vit.D deficiency and gingivitis currently on
initial supplement with vit.D was chosen to participate in this study. Patients who take the
medication regularly throughout the study were considered as patients group and who did not
take the medication due to any reason were assigned as control group. Gingival index ,Salivary
Immunoglobuline A (SIgA),Salivary flow rate (SFR) and salivary PH were assessed pre and
post administration of vitamin D.
Results:- The result of current study revealed that the gingival index was significantly reduced
post supplement of vit.D in patients who were taken the medication regularly (pre=2.7, post
1.8, p=0.01) while nonsignificant difference was seen in control group (pre=2.9, post 2.6,
p=0.6).The salivary IgA, SFR and salivary PH was significantly increased(p≤0.05) after
supplement of vit.D with patients who were taken the medication regularly (pre=434.3,
post=687.7)(pre=0.9, post=1.8)( pre=6.7, post=7.1) respectively while nonsignificant
difference(p≥0.05) was reported with control group (pre=424.3, post=467.7)9pre=0.8,
post=1.1)(pre=6.5, post=6.8) respectively.

Conclusion :- According to results inthis study, we conclude that, the using of Vitamin D
supplement lead to asignificant anti-inflammatory effect and also and also patient with
gingivitis to be screened for Vit. D deficiency.

Acinetobacterbaumanniihas become known as an imperative healthcare associated and
multidrug-resistant microorganismwarrants the training of novel methodologies for
prevention and treatment. This report aimed to estimate the antimicrobial properties
ofCO2laser at 10600 nm on A.baumannii isolates. Two hundred specimens were collected
from patients suffering from wound infections, urinary tract infections, respiratory infections
and medical equipment samples. 50 samples for each. These samples were gathered from
diverse hospitals in Baghdad\\Iraq. The collected specimens were streaked directly on
CHROM agar Acinetobacter. The positive culture results were diagnosed genotypicaly, recA
gene (a house keeping gene) was used for this purpose. All isolates were tested for antibiotic
sensitivity testing and 13 divers of antibiotics were used. Also, the ability of biofilm
formation was detected. CO2laser 10600 nm at power densities (1000,1500,2000 and 2500)
W/cm2 with exposure time (15,30, 45 and 60) second was used for the irradiation
experiment.17 isolates were positive to A. baumannii which were distributed as follows 4 ,6, 3
and 4 isolates from wounds,urine , sputum and medical equipments samples respectively.
Antibiotic sensitivitytest results considered ten of A.baumanniias MDR isolates because of its
capability to resist ten antibiotics belong to cephalosporins, carbapenems,ampicillin
sulbactam, fluoroquinolones, and aminoglycosides groups. In additions 14(82.35%) out of the
17 isolates were biofilm producer ranged from weak, moderate to strong biofilm produer.
Four isolates, one from four different isolation sources were chosen for CO2 laser irradiation
each isolate resisted to all antibiotics used in this study and strong biofilm producer. In
general, in this study the results showed that when using power densities (2000 and 2500
W/cm2 at exposure time 30s and 45s) of CO2 laser irradiations the maximum rate of killing
percentage was ranged from 97% to 100% for A.baumannii isolated from clinical samples
while more exposure time were needed (45s and 60s) to get the same killing percentage for
A.baumannii isolated from medical equipments. Consequently, the use of CO2 laser 10600 nm
which is independent towards the antibacterial agents resistance pattern of MDR A.baumannii
could verify advantageous in treatment of various types of infections caused by these bacteria
in addition it may be used in sterilization of some medical equipment surfaces.
Keywords: A.baumannii, antibacterial effects, biofilm formation, CO2 Laser 10600nm

Formulation of drugs affects their access into human body, thus bioequivalence studies are
conducted to assess therapeutic equivalence between medicines which are produced by dif
ferent manufacturers. In this study, bioequivalence of two cefixime formulations as powder
for suspension, Acacime® manufactured by Arab Co. for Antibiotics Industries (ACAI) /
Iraq, and Suprax®, manufactured by the Jordanian Co., Hikma, is tested. Twenty-four sub
jects had participated in the study which was designed as, a randomized, single dose, two pe
riod, crossover study. Cefixime concentrations in plasma were measured by validated bioana
lytical method, using high-performance liquid chromatography with UV detection. The de
termined pharmacokinetics parameters were Cmax, AUC0–t and AUC0–∞ for cefixime. The
mean results obtained for Acacime® and Suprax® were, for C max: 2.736 and 2.395 µg/ml,
for AUC0–t: 16.787 and 16.579 µg/ml*h and, for AUC0–∞: 21.011 and 21.685 µg/ml*h, re
spectively. The 90% confidence intervals for AUC0-t, AUC0-∞ and Cmax were 92.3 –
110.8%, 84.8 – 102.7% and 96.3 – 117.9% respectively. This study revealed that both prod
ucts were comparable in efficacy and safety, so they are considered as bioequivalent products
and can be used interchangeably.

Acromegaly is a serious endocrine disease resulting from an increase of growth hormone in
the blood. Excessive growth hormone secretion may be caused by an adenoma of the
pituitary. This study was designed to assess the effect of serum leptin concentration on
acromegaly patients with both gender and its relation with some biochemical analysis. The
study conducted 96 subjects (48 acromegaly patients and 48 controls) aged between (30-70)
years who were attending the National Diabetic Center/ Al-Mustansirya University and Al
Yarmuk Teaching Hospital. Fasting blood sugar, lipid profile, growth hormone, insulin like
growth factor-1, and serum leptin concentrations were measured for each individual. The
results explained a significant increased in body mass index, triacylglycerol and low density
lipoprotein cholesterol, (P<0.05) in acromegaly patients when compared with control group.
Fasting blood sugar, serum growth hormone and serum insulin like growth factor-1
concentrations explained a highly significant increased, (P<0.01). While serum leptin
concentration was significantly decreased. Fasting blood sugar, triacylglycerol, low density
lipoprotein, serum growth hormone, serum insulin like growth factor-1, and serum leptin
concentrations showed a significant increased in female patients when compared
with male acromegaly patients, (P<0.05). This study showed that higher serum leptin levels
with higher concentrations of triacylglycerol and low density lipoprotein cholesterol might
play a vital function in the progress of acromegaly disease. Also, high serum leptin levels
observed in female acromegaly patients when compared with male acromegaly patients, the
present study suggested the role of leptin hormone as one of the biomarkers affecting in
acromegaly patients..
Key words: Acromegaly, growth hormone, insulin like growth factor-1, leptin, lipid
profile.

This research involves preparation of many bisheterocycles attached to pyrrole rings have been
synthesized by the stepwise procedure such asbis(1,2-dihydropyridazine-3,6-dione) (3),bis(2,3
dihydrophthalazine-1,4-dione) (4) and bis(tetrahydropyridazine-3,6-dione) (5) derivatives of
pyrrole. Further the bis(3,5-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)methanone (6), bis(3-methyl-1H-pyrazol
5(4H)-one) (7) and bis(4H-1,3,4-oxadiazin-6(5H)-one) (8) pyrrole derivatives also prepared in
good yields. Furthermore, series of bis-benzothiazine (10a-c), bis-benzoxathiazepine (11a-c)and
bis-quinazoline compounds (12a-c) attached to pyrrole moieties also have been synthesized
successfully.Structures of the newly synthesized compounds were established by
physicochemical, elemental analysis CHNS, FTIR, H-NMR and C-NMR spectroscopic methods.
The new synthesized agents were evaluated for their in vitro inhibitory effectagainst several
candida isolates. Some of the evaluated compounds possessed good activities compared to a
fluconazole, nystatin and clotrimazole standard antifungal drugs.
Keywords:Synthesis, identification,anti-candida,bis heterocycles,pyrrole rings.

Biofilms as a major virulence factor of bacteria ,therelationship between bacteria persistence
in the urinary tract and genes responsible for biofilms production was studied.
The aim is to detect the presence,frequency of the,fimA, fimH, mrkA and mrkD, genes and
biofilms production in two species isolated from UTI patients and their effect on some innate
immunity aspects.
Sixty five isolates of E.coli and fifty of K.pneumoniae isolates were collected. All isolates
were initially diagnosed as genus Esherichiacoli andKlebsiella pneumonia. Final
identification for the isolates was done by Vitek 2 compact system. The ability to form
biofilm was carried out by using Tissue culture plate method (TCP).Adhesion average to
epithelial cells of E.coli and K.pneumoniae was studied. Detection of genes were done to by
using PCR technique .
Immunological experiments were done by using bactericidal activity and opsonization factor.
UTI infection were more common in female than male. 75% (49/65) females, 25%(16/65)
males ofE.coli isolates and 88% (44/50) females,12%(6/50) males of K.pneumoniaeisolates.
Patients ages in children between (2 months -18years) in UTI caused by E.coli was
35%(23/65) while in k.pneumoniae was 74%(37/50),Ages between (18 years-50 years) in
E.coli was 37%(24/65) while in K.pneumoniae was 18%(9/50) finally,Ages between (50
years-72years) in E.coli was 28%(18/65) while in K.pneumoniae was 8%(4/50).69% of E.coli
isolates and 72% of k.pneumoniae isolates were higher biofilm producers. . Adhesion average
to epithial cells of E.coli and K.pneumoniae was 42.9% and 44% respectively. Both E.coli
and K.pneumoniae showed that 100% 0f the 12 isolate harbored the fimA, fimH, mrkA and
mrkD genes. The bactericidal average was higher in E.coli than K.pneumoniae , P- value(
0.01) for mice injected with fimbriae, Opsonization factor was higher in E.coli than
K.pneumoniae the P value (0.05) .
Conclusion: A strong relationship between biofilms production and presence of genes of
different species isolated from same clinical source that has effected on resistance of bacteria
to innate immunity.
Key words: K.pneumoniae; E.coli; fimA; fimH; mrkA; mrkD; innate immunity.

Background:Foods and food related products are imported or entered to the country by
illegal ways , these foods may contain potential contaminants such as heavy metals . Among
the most imported foods are chocolates and candieswhich consumed frequently by children.
Objective:In this study, selected heavy metals; Cadmium (Cd) , Nickel (Ni) and Lead (Pb)
were evaluated in commercial candies and chocolates products that are commonly consumed
by children in Iraq. The chocolates which studied were Twix (Germany) , Mars and Galaxy
(Emirates)and the candies were Melody Pops (Iraq), Caretos and Lip-Top (India) .
Methods:Prospective study was done in Baghdad from January to April 2017. 60 samples of
three brands of chocolates and threebrands of candies (10 samples for each brand) were
analyzed for their content of Cd , Ni and Pb. Electrothermal Atomic Absorption
Spectrometry (ETAAS) was used for determination of metals under study .
Results:Mean levels of Cd in three types of chocolates were 0.3282± 0.0203 µg/g in Twix
chocolate , 0.323± 0.03199 µg/g in Mars chocolate and 0.329± 0.01912µg/g in Galaxy
chocolate whereas mean levels of Cd in three types of candies were 0.0947± 0.00386 µg/g
in Lip-Top candy , 0.093± 0.00368 µg/g in Melody – Pops candy and 0.0935± 0.003837
µg/g in Caretose candy, while mean levels of Ni in same types of chocolates were 4.38 ±
0.1109 µg/g , 4.23± 0.2111µg/g and 4.24± 0.2675µg/g respectively whereas mean levels
of Ni in same types of candies were 1.417± 0.1µg/g , 1.376± 0.05461 µg/g and 1.422
±0.0968µg/g respectively , in addition , mean levels of Pb in three types of chocolates were
2.212 ± 0.1398µg/g , 2.185± 0.200 µg/g and 2.305± 0.2166 µg/g respectively , whereas
mean levels of Pb in three types of candies were 1.17 ± 0.1149 µg/g , 1.138± 0.08626µg/g
and 1.159±0.07156 µg/g respectivelyConclusion:Contamination of chocolates and candies
with these elements leads to health problems for citizens, especially children, and may lead to
cancerous tumors. Therefore, children should be reduced to eating these foods. The
government must strictly control the importation and entry of these foods.
Key words: , Cadmium , Lead , Chocolates , Candies.

Objective: chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is a myeloproliferative confusion characterized
by the occurrence of an acquired mutation which affect the hematopoietic stem cell, treatment
of CML with tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) has resulted in high response rates compared to
the interferon alpha and hydroxy urea. However, the long-term consequences of TKI had an
effect on calcium (Ca++ ) and phosphate(PO4-2 ) levels which may have adverse events on
the cardiac and skeletomuscular contraction.
Methods: in a cross-sectional study, 95 patients with CML receiving different TKI treatment
for at least one year duration were randomly divided in to three groups: group (1) who
received imatinib myselate (Gleevec) 400mgper oral per day,the second group were patients
received gleevec 600mg-800mg/day, while the third group patients were received nilotinib
800mg/day as a second line therapy after failure to imatinib mylselate response .
Results: in the present study,serum Ca++ level was a significant lower statistical different
with p < 0.05 when compared with serum level of PO4-2inpatients treated with imatinib and
nilotinib with lower serumCa++ and PO4-2levelsin imatinibpatientsgroup than patientsused
nilotinib group with p-value 0.049 and 0.005 subsequently.
Conclusion: imatinib therapy with the long term use may cause hypocalcemia and
hypophospatemia without significant correlation more than treatment with nilotinib where
significant correlation was between serum Ca++ and PO4-2and these changes may give an
idea that disturbance of serum Ca++, PO4-2was multifactorial.
Key words: chronic myeloid leukemia,serum calcium and phosphatelevels, tyrosin kinase
inhibitors.

New, basic and quick method showing ultraviolet - visible spectroscopy was produced and
approved for the estimation of ciprofloxacin in immaculate shape and in separate details. The
occupants of business tablets planning did not meddle with the test. The satisfactory
medication solvency finish and most extreme test affectability was found as potassium
ciprofloxacin salt, the potassium ciprofloxacin salt show greatest absorbance at (335 nm) in
absorbance spectrum, and the calibration curve was found to be linear in the stated
concentration range of (2-10 g.mL-1) and (Y= 0.0784X + 0.0547) as line equation,
(R2=0.9985) as Correlation Coefficient, (+0.054714) as Intercept, (0.078363) as Slope,
(SEE=0.009558) as Standard Error of Estimate, (0.999999885) as Chi-Square(The goodness
of fit between observed values and those expected theoretically), (RSD=0.019475788) as
Relative Standard Deviation, and (R2 =0.99854471) as Multiple Correlation Coefficient.
Key words: Determination, UV-VIS spectroscopy, ciprofloxacin (CIP), potassium
ciprofloxacin salt (K- CIP)..