ADAB AL-BASRAH

Modern linguistics has addressed lexical relations. In Quranic studies these relations have been covered, but scholars focused on Siamese twins (absolute antonyms), words with opposite meanings that are closely related to each other and which define each other contenxtually. They also serve to invest the text with unity and eliminate ambiguity.
One result of this relation is that the pair is their absolute nature: something should either be one of them and cannot be neither: time is either day or night and place is either earth or the sky. This relation is distinct from other kinds of relations, like repetition and referencing, for in these twins the words are very closely related to each other.

This paper attempts to examine the translations of Abdullah Yousif Ali, Marmaduke Pickthall and John Arberry of some homonymous verbs in some Quranic texts. In order to determine the meanings of the homonymous verbs, the exegete adopted in this paper is Al-Tabary. The model applied is '' Jackendoff's Conceptual Structures '', where each conceptual structure is analyzed into its conceptual categories. This paper aims to find which conceptual structures of the translated texts (TT) match the conceptual structure of the source texts (ST). The present paper concludes that not all the conceptual structures of the translated texts (TT) are in full correspondence with the conceptual structure of the source texts (ST).

The purpose of this study (courtship in the poetry of Ali Abdulah Khalifa) is to know the development of this kind of poetic art and also to understand the relation of this art with the poetry of courtship of the old poets; and also to discover the directions of this art.
The poetic movement in Al-Bahrain has been developed greatly after the foundation of publishing and press. This wind of activity encouraged people to write about poets and their works.
One of them is the poet Ali poet Ali Abdulah and in particular his book (Aneen A. Sawari).

This paper investigates the ellipsis of the verbal sentence in the context of syndesis in stories of the Holy Quran. After an introduction about the subject, the paper is divided in to two sections The first section studies ellipsis in the context of reminder, where the stories are directed to remind us of the metaphysics or they are stories of the ancient nations . It also deals with how this ellipsis helps us recall the events and is affected by the divine discourse of God. Recalling by stories of the metaphysical and the supernatural has more effect on feelings. Section two is about the ellipsis of the verbal sentence in the context of connecting the stories.

The general circumstances of the poet Ali Mahmood Taha has great effects on his life. He experienced his first disappointment in his failure in his first love in spite of his well-to-do status. The result of his broken heart has direct effects on his life. It changed his views and looks about women. It affected his ability in poetry productivity. His poem "The Statue” was a good example of these changes. It shows clearly his disappointment of women. It was a good example and symbols of his disappointment and broken heart. He shows clearly that " The Statue " in spite of the good care and maintenance of the statue from the human being, the statue could be broken down easily the same way as the heart of the human being was. He started his poem “The Statue “by an introduction in prose talking about the story of the hopes of humanity of its four seasons. Hence, he showed the reader in advance his aims and purposes of this poem without giving him the chance and pleasure to get the hidden meanings by himself.
This poem was completely built up of hidden meanings and symbols. This poem is distinguished by its rhythm and tone of music and by its construction power and its beautiful build up using the simple clear words far away from complexity and obscurity; most of its pictorial senses are moving and not static in order to show his disappointment and loss of his psychological hope and all the painful social circumstances surrounding him .

As is well known, in addition to the general Arabic and Islamic identity of Morocco, language also reflects the local identity which is related to the region and its cultural heritage. Understanding that local terminology helps us understand that culture.This research lists the important terminology of Morocco. It is not tracing the origin of these words, but rather presenting them to the researchers in the field for whom these terms are of the utmost importance. Knowledge of these words forms the basis of understanding the Islamic and Arabic culture of Morocco.

This research displays and analyzes the methods used by kings of modern Assyrian kingdom ( 911 – 612 B.C. ) towards their prisoners of the rebel rulers(reasons and results ). The research is made up of three levels that cover all the methods used by those kings and why they were particularly used and what their results were.
It argues that those kings used several methods, the cruelest of which was skinning, to eliminate those rulers who specifically went too far in their challenge, and resistance and mutiny till the end. They also used detention and exile to punish the rebel rulers who showed less challenge to the Assyrian authority or who surrendered after little resistance. Kings Ashur Banibal and Asarhdoon used insult to deal with the rebel Arabs who were living in the Levant semi-desert because they noticed that the Arabs would tolerate any kind of punishment except humiliation and insulting their pride and honour. It was very exceptional that Ashur Banibal forgave Nakhaw, the rebel ruler who led mutiny against him because he thought that would help him keep stability and order in Egypt.
It argues that the kings, by using the above – mentioned methods, succeeded once and failed sometimes to achieve their objectives. Sometimes, those methods helped the Assyrian kings keep the rebel rulers under their control far longer. However, those methods did not always prevent people of the rebel areas to revolt again after some time.

The eastern issue occupies a great place in the European diplomacy during the eighteenth and nineteenth century. Briefly, it includes all the problems that are associated with the internal collapse of the Ottoman Empire and the conflicting interests of the European countries and their interference in the collapse of the Ottoman Empire .
One of the most important topics in the political history of the eastern issue is the Serbian-Bulgarian war and the attempt to annex the eastern Romelli to Bulgaria . In the past two centuries, this topic sheds light on the European diplomacy. Besides, that period is characterized by the complexity of European relations due to Russia's efforts to control the Ottoman Empire.

The study of the agriculture of abi- khaseeb district showed two different patterns : the first one is the gardening of the palm trees and fruit trees. These prevailed during the seventies but they have disappeared in recent years of study. the number of palm trees has reached (2911999) palms in 1977, but these numbers have fallen to (659 710) palms in 2014, while the cultivated crops lands of summer and winter vegetables reached (3326) acres in the growing season for the year from 1977 to 1978 but this ratio had fallen to ( 1966.88) acres during the growing season for the year 2013-2014. The second is field plants (wheat, barley) which existed till the eighties of the last century. These crops have disappeared since then due to several reasons, including high water and soil salinity, as well as the rising production costs compared with the competitive prices of imported products from abroad. While cultivated land of crop forage green space has expanded (jet) reaching space (653) acres in 2014 while the cultivated area was (243) acres in 1977, This is due to a decline in arable land area from (76 617) acres of 1977 to (20 488) acres a difference stood at (56 129) acres; and this is the impact of the lower invested area in the study area which reached (1966.88) acres for 2014 after it was (44121) acres for 1977. All that destruction due to several reasons, including the Iran-Iraq war and its impact on the lands because of the immigration of people which led to the neglect of agriculture, especially in Saybah . , which was considered a place for the Military operations where the number of population fell to (zero) in the year 1986 up to 1988, except for the soldiers who were used to construct many of the earth mounds and cutting palm trees in addition to burying many of the irrigation channels.

The contribution of women in work determines the fertility and reproduction level , beside other social and economic determinants of age at marriage, educational level ,income and other determining factors.
The paper addresses child-bearing level for economically active women by working outside the home, and the impact of work type on the actual number of children for a working mother. Thus, the study was limited to compare the occupations carried on by woman in the city as the medical and education professions, in both the academic and school education (primary and secondary). Also, the role of these professions reflects the life of working mother and determines the pocreation policy for her family including obligations on her the daily work pressure. The field study has shown that the average number of children for a working mother in the field of school education is higher than their counterparts in the field of academic education and health, with averages respectively 4.1 ,2.4 ,and 2.6 .