Abstract
Humanity has suffered, as a result of bigotry and intolerance, the terrible scourge that caused the death of millions of innocent people. This is because; wars horrors and tragedies of human beings were the result of these contradictions between human groups, or individuals of the same society. The overall tolerance in international Law is the acceptance of difference and diversity. This is what is sought by Islam.However Islamlooks to the differences and diversity from a perspective other than that ofInternational law.
If the world is experiencing at the present time the so-called gift, of democracy, whosehigh wind headed to the Arab world, which anchored on the southern coast of the Mediterranean Sea, for the application of democracy according to the Western model, which requires us to know if Islam, is component to apply the principle of tolerance and acceptance of others, which is a cornerstone for democracy.
It is known that democracy is associated with the culture of accepting the other directly and substantially. It could be argued: that there is no democracy without a culture of acceptance of others. That is why the countries that aim to apply democracy built a generation to accept the other, and the educational, cultural, and media program, and then apply democracy, and then democracy would be a disaster for the people and the state.
The a culture of tolerance is based on existence of human relations in International law, without committing crime by the other, Islamic Law has made the need for tolerance, even in case of committing a crime against others, and this makes the human relations between the disputants closer and harmony, strength, and strengthens relations among people, and love is grown and is removed rancor. It makes those who are tolerated more respectable and they appreciated those tolerant with them.
If the world is experiencing at the present time the so-called gift, of democracy, whosehigh wind headed to the Arab world, which anchored on the southern coast of the Mediterranean Sea, for the application of democracy according to the Western model, which requires us to know if Islam, is component to apply the principle of tolerance and acceptance of others, which is a cornerstone for democracy.
It is known that democracy is associated with the culture of accepting the other directly and substantially. It could be argued: that there is no democracy without a culture of acceptance of others. That is why the countries that aim to apply democracy built a generation to accept the other, and the educational, cultural, and media program, and then apply democracy, and then democracy would be a disaster for the people and the state.
The a culture of tolerance is based on existence of human relations in International law, without committing crime by the other, Islamic Law has made the need for tolerance, even in case of committing a crime against others, and this makes the human relations between the disputants closer and harmony, strength, and strengthens relations among people, and love is grown and is removed rancor. It makes those who are tolerated more respectable and they appreciated those tolerant with them.
Keywords
intolerance;democracy;international law
Abstract
عَانَتْ الْبَشَرِيَّةُ مِنْ جَرَّاءِ التَّعَصُّبِ وَعَدَمِ التَّسَامُحِ، وَيَّلاتٍ مرَوِّعةٍ رَاحَ ضَحِيَتُهَا الْمَلايينَ مِنَ الْأَبْرِيَاءِ. ذَلِكَ،أَنَّ الْحُرُوبَ وَالْوَيْلاتَ وَالْمآسِيَ بَيْنَ أَبْنَاءِ الْبَشَرِ كانَتْ نَتِيجَةً لِهَذِهِ الْتَّنَاقُضَاتِ بَيْنَ الْمَجْمُوعاتِ الْبَشَرِيَّةِ، أَوْ أَفْرَادِ الْمُجْتَمَعِ الْوَاحِدِ. وَمُجْمَلُ التَّسَامُحِ فِي الْقَانُونِ الدَّوْلِيِّ هُوَقَبُول الاخْتِلَافِ وَالتَّنَوُّعِ. وَهَذَا مَا حَرِصَ عَلَيْهِ الْإِسْلَامُ، غَيْرَ أَنَّ نَظْرةَ الْإِسْلَامِ لِلاخْتِلافِ وَالتَّنَوُّعِ تَخْتَلِفُ عَنْ نَظْرَةِ الْقَانُونِ الدَّوْلِيِّ.
وَإِذَاكَانَ الْعَالَمُ يَشْهَدفِي الْوَقْتِ الْحَاضِرِمَايُطْلَقُ عَلَيْهِ هَبَّةَ،أَوْفَزْعَةَالدِّيمُقْرَاطِيَّةِ،الَّتِي تَوَجَّهَتْ رِيَاحُهَا العَاتِيَةُ نَحْوَ الْعَالَمِ الْعَرَبِيِّ، وَالَّتِي رَسَتْ عَلَى سَوَاحِلِ جِنُوبِ البَحْرِالأَبْيَضِ الْمُتَوَسِّطِ وَتَوَطَّنَتْ فِيهِ،لِتَطْبِيقِ الدِّيمُقْرَاطِيَّةِعَلَى وَفْقِ النُّمُوْذَجِ الْغَرْبِيِّ، وَهُوَ أَمْرٌ يُوْجِبُ َعليْنَا أَنْ نَعْرِفَ هَل ْيَمْلِكُ الْإِسْلَامُ مُقَوِّمَاتِهَا وَفِي مُقَدِمَةَ ذلك الْقُدْرَةَ عَلَى تَطْبِيقِ مَبْدَإ قَبُولِ الآخَرِ وَالتَّسَامُحِ الَّذِي يُعَدُّ رُكْناً أَسَاسِيّاً لتَطْبِيقِ الدِّيمُقْرَاطِيَّةِ.
وَمَنْ الْمَعْرُوف أَنْ الدِّيمُقْرَاطِيَّةُ تَرتَبِطُ بِثَقَافَةِ قَبُولِ الآخَرِ بِشَكْلٍ مُبَاشِرٍ وَجَوهَرِيٍّ. وَيَمْكنُ الْقَوْلَ: بِأَنَّهُ لادِّيمُقْرَاطِيَّةَ بِدُونِ ثَقَافَةِ قَبُول الآخَرِ. لِهَذَا فَإِنَّ الدُّوَل الَّتِي تَهْدِفُ الَى تَطْبِيقِ الدِّيمُقْرَاطِيَّة، تَنْشيءُ جِيلاً يَتَقَبَّلُ الآخَرَ، وَبَرْنَامَجاً تَعْلِيمِيّاً وَثَقَافِيّاً وَاعْلامِيّاً، وَمَنْ ثُمَّ تُطَبَّقُ الدِّيمُقْرَاطِيَّةَ، وَبِخِلافِةِ سَتَكُونُ الدِّيمُقْرَاطِيَّةَ وَبَالاً عَلَى الشَّعْبِ وَالدَّوْلَة.
وَقَدْ قَامَت ثَقَافَةُ التَّسَامُحِ عَلَى أَسَاسِ بَقَاءِ الْعَلَاقَاتِ الإِنْسَانِيَّةِ فِي الْقَانُونِ الدَّوْلِيِّ،دُونَ أَنْ يَرْتَكِبَ الطَّرَفُ الآخَرُجَرِيمَةً،فَإِنَّ الشَّرِيعَةَالْإِسْلَامِيَّةَجَعَلتْ ضَرُورَةَ التَّسَامُحِ حَتَّى فِي حَالَةِ ارْتِكَابِ جَرِيمَةٍ ضِدّ َالْآخَرِينَ، وَهذَا مَايَجْعَلُ الْعَلَاقَاتِ الإِنْسَانِيَّةِ بَيْنَ الْمُتَنَازِعِينَ أَكْثَرُ قُرْباً وَانْسِجَاماً وَقُوَّةً وَيُقُوِّي عَضُدَ الْبَشَرِ بَعْضُهُمْ للبَعْضِ الآخَرِ، وَيَزْرَعُ الْمَحَبَّةَ وَيَزِيل الضَّغَائِنَ، ويَجْعَلُ لِمَنْ تَسَامَحَ مَعَهُ أكْثَرَ احْتِرَاماً وَتَقْدِيراً الى مَنْ تَسَامَحَ مَعَهُ وَعَفَى عَنْهُ.
وَإِذَاكَانَ الْعَالَمُ يَشْهَدفِي الْوَقْتِ الْحَاضِرِمَايُطْلَقُ عَلَيْهِ هَبَّةَ،أَوْفَزْعَةَالدِّيمُقْرَاطِيَّةِ،الَّتِي تَوَجَّهَتْ رِيَاحُهَا العَاتِيَةُ نَحْوَ الْعَالَمِ الْعَرَبِيِّ، وَالَّتِي رَسَتْ عَلَى سَوَاحِلِ جِنُوبِ البَحْرِالأَبْيَضِ الْمُتَوَسِّطِ وَتَوَطَّنَتْ فِيهِ،لِتَطْبِيقِ الدِّيمُقْرَاطِيَّةِعَلَى وَفْقِ النُّمُوْذَجِ الْغَرْبِيِّ، وَهُوَ أَمْرٌ يُوْجِبُ َعليْنَا أَنْ نَعْرِفَ هَل ْيَمْلِكُ الْإِسْلَامُ مُقَوِّمَاتِهَا وَفِي مُقَدِمَةَ ذلك الْقُدْرَةَ عَلَى تَطْبِيقِ مَبْدَإ قَبُولِ الآخَرِ وَالتَّسَامُحِ الَّذِي يُعَدُّ رُكْناً أَسَاسِيّاً لتَطْبِيقِ الدِّيمُقْرَاطِيَّةِ.
وَمَنْ الْمَعْرُوف أَنْ الدِّيمُقْرَاطِيَّةُ تَرتَبِطُ بِثَقَافَةِ قَبُولِ الآخَرِ بِشَكْلٍ مُبَاشِرٍ وَجَوهَرِيٍّ. وَيَمْكنُ الْقَوْلَ: بِأَنَّهُ لادِّيمُقْرَاطِيَّةَ بِدُونِ ثَقَافَةِ قَبُول الآخَرِ. لِهَذَا فَإِنَّ الدُّوَل الَّتِي تَهْدِفُ الَى تَطْبِيقِ الدِّيمُقْرَاطِيَّة، تَنْشيءُ جِيلاً يَتَقَبَّلُ الآخَرَ، وَبَرْنَامَجاً تَعْلِيمِيّاً وَثَقَافِيّاً وَاعْلامِيّاً، وَمَنْ ثُمَّ تُطَبَّقُ الدِّيمُقْرَاطِيَّةَ، وَبِخِلافِةِ سَتَكُونُ الدِّيمُقْرَاطِيَّةَ وَبَالاً عَلَى الشَّعْبِ وَالدَّوْلَة.
وَقَدْ قَامَت ثَقَافَةُ التَّسَامُحِ عَلَى أَسَاسِ بَقَاءِ الْعَلَاقَاتِ الإِنْسَانِيَّةِ فِي الْقَانُونِ الدَّوْلِيِّ،دُونَ أَنْ يَرْتَكِبَ الطَّرَفُ الآخَرُجَرِيمَةً،فَإِنَّ الشَّرِيعَةَالْإِسْلَامِيَّةَجَعَلتْ ضَرُورَةَ التَّسَامُحِ حَتَّى فِي حَالَةِ ارْتِكَابِ جَرِيمَةٍ ضِدّ َالْآخَرِينَ، وَهذَا مَايَجْعَلُ الْعَلَاقَاتِ الإِنْسَانِيَّةِ بَيْنَ الْمُتَنَازِعِينَ أَكْثَرُ قُرْباً وَانْسِجَاماً وَقُوَّةً وَيُقُوِّي عَضُدَ الْبَشَرِ بَعْضُهُمْ للبَعْضِ الآخَرِ، وَيَزْرَعُ الْمَحَبَّةَ وَيَزِيل الضَّغَائِنَ، ويَجْعَلُ لِمَنْ تَسَامَحَ مَعَهُ أكْثَرَ احْتِرَاماً وَتَقْدِيراً الى مَنْ تَسَامَحَ مَعَهُ وَعَفَى عَنْهُ.
Keywords
القانون الدولي؛ثقافة التسامح؛الديمقراطية