Al Mustansiriyah Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences

Thirty-three infertile women were divided into two groups according to their BMI (21 obese
and 12 overweight) there age ranges between (16-41) years, with their husbands twenty-one
infertile men and twelve fertile men and their ages range between (23-46) years. In the present
study we observed that several indicators affect the fertility such as BMI in infertile obese
women which was 34.65 kg/m2. That is higher than that of overweight infertile women that
recorded 24.87 kg/m2. obese housewives scored the highest percentage (85.71%) compared
with the overweight group (25%), In addition the obese age group between 30-41 years scored
(66.67%) compared with the overweight group whose members’ age 16-29.9 years scored
75%. However, drinking cola (soft drink) percentage in obese infertile women was (85.71%)
and the tea consumption was higher in overweight group (66.67%). The hormones FSH and
LH decrease in obese women, but serum prolactin hormone increased twice about 29.27
ng/ml in comparison with overweight group. Testosterone hormone decreased in obese
women but Leptin in obese women (19.52 µg/L) was higher than that of overweight women
(11.03 µg/L). Infertile unemployed men got the highest percentage of 66.67%. Besides, the
smoker infertile men were higher in percentage (80.95%) compared with fertile men 41.67%.
The elevated LH, FSH and prolactin values are significantly high (p<0.01) (7.895 mlU/ml,
9.89 mlU/ml and 13.33 ng/ml) respectively, but the testosterone was significantly low (3.91
ng/dl) in comparison with fertile men(21.76ng/dl). While leptin significantly increased in
infertile men more than the fertile ones. These changes in hormones have a great correlation
with semen characteristics as the abnormalities in sperms increased to (64.52) and the
percentage of rapid, progressive and non -progressive motility decreased, but the immotile
motility was highly significant (65.71) in infertile men. As a result, this indicates that the
reason of infertility is shared between the wife and husband.
Key words: Infertility in women and men, cola, tea, obesity, hormones, semen
characteristics.

The bitter taste is one of the most important drug formulation problems. The unpleasant taste
leads to noncompliance, which consequently decreases the therapeutic efficacy of the drug.
Therefore, masking of bitter taste is very important in drug formulation. In this study an
antihypertensive drug, valsartan, which is a weak acid with bitter taste, was used as a model
drug to mask its taste with dowex2 (weak base anion exchange resin). The taste masking of a
drug using ion exchange resin basically depends on the complex formation between the drug
and a specific type of resin. Complex formation under various preparation conditions
including; the ratio of drug to resin, mixing time, the pH of the processing medium and the
concentration of valsartan was investigated in this study. Optimum conditions for complex
formation and maximum drug load were obtained at a drug-resin ratio 1:8, mixing time 4
hours, pH 6.8, temperature 50º C and drug concentration 0.02% w/v. The drug resin ate
complex was evaluated for the drug content, taste, drug release and molecular properties. The
resinate formation was confirmed using different analytical techniques like thermal analysis
using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), spectroscopic method like Fourier transform
infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and by X-ray powder diffraction analysis (XRPD).
Key words: valsartan, dowex2, ion exchange resin, valsartan-dowex2 complex

The main problem encountered in thyroid nodule is difficult to differentiate between a benign
and malignant lesion. Differential between follicular thyroid cancer (FTC) and benign
follicular thyroid adenoma (FTA) is a great challenge for even an experienced pathologist and
requires special effort.
A total of 120 paraffin block were included in the study, 30 blocks were (FC), 30 blocks were
(FVPC). 30 blocks were (FA), 30 blocks were blocks thyroid follicular hyperplasia.20 blocks
endocervical epithelium.20 paraffin blocks of colonic epithelium as control. From each
paraffin block, 4 slides, each of thicken were taken, stained with Hematoxylin and Eosin
(H&E) for revision of histopathological diagnosis.
The histological arrangement in follicular carcinoma and follicular adenoma was significant
(P= 0.001) in trabecular pattern and the difference was significant (P= 0.016) in mixed pattern
while no significance with microfollicular, macrofollicular and normofollicular pattern in both
follicular carcinoma and adenoma. There was no significant difference in size follicular lesion
among FA, FVPC and follicular hyperplasia (P> 0.05) while, the size follicular lesion in of
(FC) was significantly higher from all other groups (P< 0.05).
Key words: Follicular adenoma, Follicular carcinoma, Thyroid lesions.

Dyslipidemia and oxidative modifications of lipid are frequently associated in patients with
chronic kidney diseases (CKD) and considered the most important risk factors for
cardiovascular events. Melatonin is a well-known potent antioxidant and has beneficial effect
on lipid metabolism. the study was designed to evaluate if Melatonin could improve lipid
profile and ameliorates lipid peroxidation. This single blind placebo controlled clinical study
carried out on 41 patients with CKD who were randomized into two groups, control groups
(n=20) those who received placebo cap and melatonin group those who received 5mg
melatonin (n=21). Lipid profile [total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), high-density
lipoprotein (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein (LDL-C)] and parameters of lipid peroxidation
[oxidized LDL (oxLDL) and malondialdehyde (MDA) were measured before and after 12
weeks of the treatment. After 12 weeks of treatment, melatonin significantly increased HDL
C and decreased LDL-C compared to the initial value. The elevation in HDL-C and reduction
in LDL-C were significantly different from that in placebo group. Also, both oxLDL and
MDA levels significantly lowered by melatonin compared to the baseline and to the placebo
group. Collectively, the results of our study showed that melatonin has advantageous effect
on lipid profile and inhibit lipid peroxidation in patients with CKD.
Key words: Melatonin, chronic kidney disease, Lipid profile, lipid peroxidation,

Nimesulide is one of the types of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, widely used as
analgesic and antipyretic. It is classified as class II drugs according to BCS guidance because
of low solubility in water that leads to decrease in dissolution rate. So, the objective of this
study was to decrease particle size, increase solubility and dissolution rate of nimesulide by
preparation of nimesulide nanoparticles using solvent/antisolvent precipitation method by
addition of organic solution of drug onto the solution of stabilizer. The size of nimesulide
nanoparticles were studied and considered by particle size analyzer, drug content and loading
efficiency. The freeze-dried nanoparticles were characterized by field emission electron
microscope, X-Ray powder diffraction, differential scanning calorimetry and saturated
solubility measurement. Tablet was manufactured by direct compression. The tablets were
evaluated for drug release to measure the effect of nanoparticles on the dissolution
improvement of drug.
Key words: Nimsulide; solvent/antisolvent; nanoparticles: dissolution rate; release.

powder milk is an important foodstuff and beneficial to human health.
Thirty random milk powder samples of different trade marks (Rawan® limit full milk
powder), (Dielac® milk powder) and (Fresh instant milk powder) were collected from
different outlets in Baghdad capital of a IRAQ, They were analyzed by Atomic Absorption
Spectrophotometer for the concentrations of following heavy metals, lead (Pb), iron (Fe),
aluminium (Al), Cadmium (Cd), and manganese (Mn)]. This study appeared that the
concentrations of heavy metal Fe samples is above the allowed limit in (Rawan® limit milk
powder). However, the concentrations of about thirty percent of the samples of Fe in (Dielac
full cream milk powder) is above the allowed limits. The concentration of Pb in (Fresh
instant full cream milk powder) is above the permissible limit. All the examined samples
found free of Cd. Air, water and plants considered as a main contamination of the milk
powder by heavy metals. So, it is necessary for warning from the toxic effects for these heavy
metals for children and adults.
Key words: Milk powder, Heavy metals and Iron.

Back ground: Type 2 diabetes is mostly due to impaired β-cell mass and dysfunction which
expressed by Insulin secretion, sensitivity and resistance.
Aim of study: to evaluate β- cell function in newly diagnosed and ongoing diabetics.
Method: Eighty-eight subjects enrolled in this study with age range (30-59) years, (20)
healthy individuals as controls group with mean age (42.95±9.80) years. (68) Diabetic
Patients was divided into two groups, (26) newly diagnosed diabetic, mean age (45.81±8.16)
years and (42) ongoing diabetics, mean age (49.33±6.64) year. \\"Fasting glucose\\", \\"lipid
profile\\", \\"glycosylated hemoglobin\\", \\"C-peptide levels\\" were evaluated. Insulin secretion,
sensitivity and resistance \\"HOMA B %\\", \\"HOMA S %\\"and \\"HOMA IR\\" respectively were
estimated by \\"Homeostasis Model Assessment\\" \\"HOMA2 calculator program\\".
Results: \\"Insulin secretion\\" and \\"sensitivity\\" were found to be lower (P 0.001) in both groups
of diabetes than that controls, while a high level of insulin resistance in both diabetic groups
than controls (P>0.0001).\\"C-peptide\\" level is higher in \\"newly diagnosed\\" diabetics than\\"
ongoing diabetics\\" and controls (p˂0.0001).
Conclusion: Patients with low c- peptide level has poor insulin reserve and may need insulin
while patients with high level of c- peptide have good insulin reserve and not need insulin to
control his blood glucose.
Key words: Diabetes, \\"Insulin resistance\\", \\"Insulin sensitivity\\", \\"HOMA\\", \\"c-peptide\\".

The synthesis of new NSAIDs with improved efficacy and selectivity towards COX2, which
encouraged by the various biological activities of 1,2,4-triazoles and 1,3,4-thiadiazoles. In this
experiment, the production of 1,2,4-triazolothiadiazoles derivatives from Ibuprofen, Naproxen
and Indomethacin. We have enhanced anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities by
conventional method and microwave-assisted technique, and then compare the time
consuming by reaction and yield percent of the product in both way, besides evaluation of
anti-inflammatory action of the target compounds by pharmacological test with predictable
selectivity towards COX-2 enzyme. Synthesis of the target compounds (P1a-3b, N1a-3b and
I1a-3b) has been successfully accomplished by checking purity, characterization, also
identification of the synthetic compounds which detected by estimation of physical properties,
FT-IR and ¹H-NMR spectroscopy. In vivo potent anti-inflammatory activity of the ending
compounds is evaluating in rats utilizing egg-white prompted edema model of inflammation.
The experienced compounds (P1a-3b, N1a-3b and I1a-3b) and the reference drugs (Ibuprofen,
Naproxen and Indomethacin) produced significant reduction in paw edema in compare to the
effect of control group. Wholly tested compounds produced considerable decrease of paw
edema in contrast to control group. However, compounds (P3b, N3b and I1b) have
considerable more paw edema declining than Ibuprofen, Naproxen and Indomethacin.
Intermediate and target compounds are synthesis by microwave method have better result by
time and yield in compare with conventional way. The synthesized compounds (Pa1-3b and
N1a-3b) may exhibit expected selectivity towards COX-2 enzyme properly due to their large
size than its parent Ibuprofen, Naproxen.
Key words: anti-inflammatory activity, microwave method, Ibuprofen, Naproxen,
Indomethacin, triazolothiadiazole

Estrogen receptors (ERs) are a group of proteins, either of nuclear or membrane type, that
activated by estrogen hormone which expressed in majority of breast cancer patients. Breast
cancer is the most frequent cancer among the women and account about one third of the
registered female malignancies. The relation between salivary immunoglobulin A (SIgA),
Salivary Flow Rate (SFR) and PH of saliva with sex hormone receptors expression yet not
well understood where there were few researches that highlights the nature of relation. The
reduction in the SIgA and SFR often makes oral tissue more prone for infection. The
objectives of this study are to determine the relation between the SIgA, SFR, PH, and sex
hormone receptor expression in patients with breast cancer.
study of cross sectional design was conducted from Jan. to Nov. 2016, samples of 3-5 ml of
saliva collected from forty-five (45) female patients with breast cancer at Oncology Teaching
Hospital. The patients were categorized according to estrogen receptor status expression
depending on their medical records (26 positive and 19 negative expression). The
sociodemographic characteristics and gynecological history including the age, Body Mass
Index(BMI), menopause status also reported. The SIgA, measured by Enzyme Linked
Immunosorbent Assay technique (ELISA), the SFR calculated by dividing the total collected
saliva volume in milliliter by time in minute. The salivary PH measured by digital PH meter.
Then the measured variables compared according to expression of estrogen receptor either
positive or negative .The statistical analysis carried out by using independent student T- test
and pearson correlation test were used to confirmed significant( p ≤ 0.05 ) was considered
significant The results showed that the level of SIgA, SFR and salivary PH for group of ER+
ve expression were significantly lower than that of ER –ve expression where it was for
ER+ve (136.8 , 155.7 and 5.8 ) while for ER-ve was (304.5, 248.5 and 6.1)
respectively.also,the results revealed that a positive correlation between SIgA and SFR (
r=0.7) while a negative correlation between the SIgA and PH (r = -0.3) . We could conclude
that the patients with breast cancer of ER+ve expression had low level of SIgA also had
reduction in SFR which make them more prone for oral infection
Key words: Estrogen receptor, Breast cancer, Salivary IgA

his work, the study of optical properties of (As0.5Se0.5 doped with 1% Te) thin films which
prepared by thermal vacuum evaporation on glass bases at (R.T) with (100±20) nm thickness
deposition rate (1.6nm/s) and study effect of annealing at temperatures (Ta) (348,398,448) K
for time (30min) on these properties. The X-ray diffraction technique showed that all prepared
films are amorphous in structure at room temperature and annealing films at (348, 398, 448)
K. The transmittance spectra of the prepared films fall within a wavelength range (500-1100)
nm, and increasing the annealing temperature leads to a decreased in transmission, increased
absorption coefficient, and shift of the absorption edge towards low photon energies. The
optical measurements showed that the prepared films had an allowed indirect optical energy
gap and were found to decrease with the increase of (Ta) within the range (R.T, 348,398,448)
K. As indicated by the tails of the localized states, it was observed that they increased by
increasing (Ta).
Key words: chalcogenide glass, localized states, absorption coefficient, annealing.

In spite of the old age of beta lactam, they continue to provide good health and preventing
human diseases by virtue of industrial production and discoveries of small new beta-lactam
group of secondary metabolites. Antibiotic resistance in bacteria has become a serious
problem worldwide therefore, the present survey discusses the event that occurred in the
progress of the penicillin, and beta-lactam from discovery to implementation as a therapeutic
agent in order to overcome this issue. Moreover, this review provides a descriptive overview
of the various published ways to enhance the clinical effectiveness of beta-lactam antibiotics
and the methods that lead to synthesis of beta-lactam ring.
Key words: Penicillin, beta-lactam antibiotics, antibiotic resistance

This study was conducted to evaluate the association of serum leptin and hs C-reactive protein
with breast cancer. Two groups were included in the study. The first group included 45 newly
diagnosed women with breast cancer. The second group included 42 women with benign
breast lump as a control group. Blood samples (5 mL) were taken from the patient and the
control groups and analyzed for serum leptin and hs C-reactive protein. Serum CA15-3 was
also measured in breast cancer patients. The epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2/neu),
estrogen and progesterone receptors were determined in breast cancer patients by using
immune-chemical method. Serum leptin was significantly higher (p ≤ 0.05) in breast cancer
patients than that in the control group; however, no significant difference was noticed
between the two groups for serum hs C-reactive protein. No significant difference was noticed
between HER2/neu positive or negative in breast cancer patients for serum leptin or hs C
reactive protein. However, serum CA15-3 in HER2/neu positive patients was significantly
higher (p ≤ 0.05) than that in HER2/neu negative patients. No significant difference was
noticed between positive and negative estrogen breast cancer patients for serum leptin, hs C
reactive protein or CA15-3. In addition, no significant difference was noticed between
positive and negative progesterone for serum leptin, hs C-reactive protein or CA15-3. A
strong significant positive correlation was noticed between serum leptin and BMI in the
control group; however, no significant correlation was noticed between serum leptin and BMI
in the breast cancer patients. In conclusion, serum leptin may be used as a prognostic factor
for breast cancer. Serum C-reactive protein in HER2/neu positive breast cancer patients is
higher than in HER2/neu negative patients.
Key words: Leptin, hs C-reactive protein, HER2/neu, CA15-3 breast cancer.