KARBALĀʾ HERITAGE Quarterly Authorized Journal Specialized in Karbalāʾ Heritage

Spreading papermaking craft in any city is considered as an evidence of the scientific movement level in its schools and depth of its scientific studies. However, it is a means by which we can establish an actual measurement for that. Thus, for the sake of this importance, we started studying papermaking in Kerbala and its spreading. We tried to originate this craft by returning to some original handwritten which were very useful in this respect. This is in additional to a group of properties represent the equipment of copying and misspelling, and a collection of ink manufacturing. So, first signs of papermaking spreading in Kerbala belongs to the eighth Hijri century, and this completely suits appearance of Kerbala scientific school. This spreading lasted till the intellectual renaissance summit in Kerbala at the beginning of the twelfth Hijri century that lasted for four centuries. Therefore, copying and book selling increased in the city till kerbala headed the cities including Baghdad and Najaf.

The current study deals with diligence constituents to Ossoul founder Al Wehead Al Hehbehani who is one of the founders of Kerbala Hawza in the twelfth Hijri century. So, his subject limiting the urgent Condition and the Sufficient Condition is to have the ability to deduct the rightful laws. It is a subject that has a great importance to the followers of twelve Imams (p.b.u.h. ) doctrine who consider the diligence as an extension to the infallible Imam (p.b.u.h. ) for it is the evidence between him and Allah in his life affairs. This means that obtaining this religious and social position by a person that does not possess its constituents will lead to dangerous secular and otherworldly results the treatment of the study subject was done based on the hypothesis that diligence no one can reach diligence without getting the Sufficient Condition which is a sacred power. The urgent Condition, which is one of the rightful sciences, has no sign in its actualization without the Sufficient Condition. It was selected through Al Hehbehani's texts and what support it in the texts of the prophet family Imams (p.b.u.h. ) and the Muslim philosophers' texts. The study proved the validity of the hypothesis.

In the current research, we try to knock the door of Sahib Al Fusoul ( God may rest his soul) in two main points:
The first point: a topic of any science
The second point: Usoul Science topic, and the difference between this science and Sahib Al Kefayeh and Al Meshhour.
In both points, Sahib Al Fusoul's view differs from Al Meshhour or from many other scholars. Thus, in a topic of any science, though Sahib Al Fusoul defined the topic as the science's subjective proposals are investigated in the same way that was defined by Al Meshhour, but he explains the subjective proposal in a different way than Al Meshhour interpretation, he was followed by Sahib Al Kefayeh.
Accordingly, researchers and comments in the modern era became similar to what was created by Sahib Al Fusoul, defended it, and disapproved ambiguities that may be accused by.
To the topic of Usoul science, Sahib Al Fusoul differs from Sahib Al Kefayeh and Al Meshhour and accused him with ambiguities that most of them cannot returned to him as you will see.
Hence, the research was important to review what Sahib Al Fusoul( God may rest his soul) and the scholars said. It is generally important to see the significance of reviewing the speech origin to judge the classifiers and creators's opinions, and all praise is due to God.

Keeping jurisprudence door open to Shia Imam had a great significance in developing science of philology principles. This science is considered as one of the most important sciences. that jurisprudence rightful laws urgently require. It passed through several stages. The issue of introducing requisite is one of important issues in the Ousol ( principles) science. This issue occupied a wide range in this science. Most Ousoli ( followers of this doctrine) believed the obligation introducing requisite; for its obligation follows the introduction writer. But they faced the left introductions problem. These are the introductions that must be before the introductions writer. It was called so ' left' because ignoring them causes leaving the obligation in its time; as for example, obligation of crossing the distance before pilgrimage (Haj) months.
Its problem is how the problem be a must in time previous to the time of obligation of the introduction writer, though introduction obligation is subordinate to the obligation of introduction obligation, especially when subordination in the interpreted by the following the effect to its cause; for it is impossible advancing the effect to the cause.
On this base, it was the first attempts to solve this problem and to correct obligation of the left introductions before time the introduction writer due to the theory of hanging requisite that was created by the investigator Ousoli sheikh Muhammed Hussein Al Isfehani Al Ha'iri (may Allah rest his soul ).
Therefore the current study came to shed the light on this theory, and most famous paradox it faced when it was claimed its application. Later on, it was the result of this theory. The aim was not reaching to an effect in the Ousoli issue but stating this theory and the most paradox it faced. Thus, this clarifies a part of Ousoli thought creativity to sheikh Muhammed Hussein Al Isfehani Al Ha'iri (may Allah rest his soul ).

Kerbala city was characterized by embracing a number of men of thought who established a religious approach with deep rooted features that they limited through the individual and the society life way based on the fundamentals of the right Sharia. That approach was a clear proof and convincing argument for kerbala, its scholars, and its schools of great importance to protect the school of prophet's family ( ) and to follow its principles. Thus, it was a light of sacrifice, martyrdom, and redemption. It is the core of scientific hawzas. So, some were born and martyred on its earth, some headed to increase his knowledge, and some others attended its hawzas as a leadership; therefore, it became a city and scholars.
The investigator sheikh Muhammed Mehdi Al Neraqi was one of them, descendant of Al Waheed's Al Behbehani school and one of the prominent four Mehdis. He is also considered as one of the first level Islamic scholars due to his deep knowledge and skill in all mental and transcription sciences including literature, high level mathematics, and the time anecdote by having virtual conducts and realm talents. Hence, the current study came to be in harmony with this encyclopedia who was identified in addition to some few scholars whom he was contemporary with them. Those scholars fixed the docrine bases through teaching, writing, and investigating, and other intellectual devices directed to reform the individual and the society.

The scholar seyed Mohammed Mehdi Behr ul Oulum Al Tebateba'i is considered as one of the famous scholar, legist, and references in his time; he is originally Alawi for he belongs to Imam Al Hassan Al Muthenah Bin Imam Al Hassan, the grandson, Bin Ali Bin Ibi Talib (p.b.u.h.).
Based on this, we tried to define this scientific personality that was brought up and lived in sacred Kerbala then in holy Najaf. He left a great scientific intellectual heritage. We decided to shed the light on this precious heritage hoping that I can put the biography of this figure in front of the respected reader relating to the scientific intellectual, and social aspects in Kerbala city.
The research has a narrative style. The key words are: the historical and religious heritage of Kerbala city, Kerbala scholars, Seyed Mohammed Mehdi Behr ul Oulum Al Tebateba'i.

Defining books is a big problem for it is doubtful to the person who defines books that has several titles, or when he defines several books with similar titles belongs to one author.
In the current research, the researcher tries to define four books belong to holy Kerbala school graduate the scholar seyd Muhammed's Mehdi Al tebateba'I, known by (Behr ul Oulum, born in 1212 H.). These four books were mentioned in the book ( Al Theri'ah Ela Tesanif Al She'a) with eight titles. The books that were investigated: (Mesabeah Al Inwar quoted from Mishkat Al IImeh Al Ibrar), it is about the jurisprudence. It has two titles about Al Theri'ah and one title about another subject; so, the total is three titles. And Mesabeah Al Huda, which is about the jurisprudence. It has one title about Al Theri'ah that belongs to the followers. And (Al Mishkat quoted from Anwar Al IImeh Al Hudat ), it is about the jurisprudence. It has four titles about Al Theri'ah. and Al Hidayah. It is about the jurisprudence. It has one title about Al Theri'ah.

Answers of the questions, or replies to troubles ( ambiguities), or the questions and answer, are all a quality name to a special publication that occupied a good position in the heritage of our scholars and the jurists in particular. What is meant by this name is the book where the classifier writes down himself or asks someone to write down the questions and requests for legal opinion that he received at all once or step by step; and what he answered in many durations. Thus, after writing down, it was also in one volume called questions and answers of questions. The inquirer name or the country from which the questions came may be added.
The current study is a part of this scientific heritage. The questions belong to the jurist sheikh Muhammed's Bin Jabir Al Amili Al Najafi and the answers belong to the jurist sheikh Sheikh Abdul Nebi Al Jeza'ri Al Ha'eri. They are three questions with their answers. The replier answered the first question in details while he briefly answered the other two questions. The researcher, after writing it, investigated it depending on four copies taking the fabrication an approach, and taking out references to the author.

the surrounded suspicion is considered one of the scientific significant problems that can be searched in jurisprudence and principles where its results overlap with other sciences also such as Men science.
Our scholars, in this concern, classified a number of letters, The first letter was the one that was written by the investigator Al Kerki Sheikh Ali Bin Al Hussein Bi Abdul Aal Al Kerki Al Amili ( born 940 H.), the second, the current letter, was written by the great scholar, the jurist legist Seyed Muhammed Hussein Bin Muhammed Ali Bin Muhammed Esma'il Al Mer'shi Al shehristani Al Ha'iri, he is the grandfather of Al shehristani family, well known in Kerbala.
The researcher investigated it depending on the only preserved copy in the general Imam Al Hekeam's library in Holy Najaf.

The holy city of Kerbala has been characterized by its prominent political positions adopted to stand against the authoritarian government›s policy. Kerbala had a religious dimension which was a major influence in making it an important intellectual center in Iraq which led to sharpen minds and evoke the active political thought that keep up the uninterrupted political event from the cultural heritage.
The research studies the role of Kerbala people in the political development from 1914- to 1921 through which the to important role played by the people of Kerbala in response to the British occupation to Iraq was tackled and how they stand against injustice and abuse practiced the British authorities against the residents to control over them. This matter caused people revolt against British to achieve unity and independence. Moreover, the research showed the role of Kerbala people and their honorable stand through their active participation in the revolution. They also had a big role in the issue of inauguration of king Faisal on Iraq in 1921.