KARBALĀʾ HERITAGE Quarterly Authorized Journal Specialized in Karbalāʾ Heritage

The book « Al Wesa›il Al Ha›iryah» in the philology principles is considered one of the most important obscure publications of the regular jurist، the inquisitor and tracer(born: 1242 H.)، the author of(Al Mefateeh) and(Al Menahil) books. This book is still handwritten، without investigation and printing.
The author prepared for his current book with its three parts an appendix in which he mentioned theses titles، as well as mentioning the important benefits that the author tackled in the researches depths.
The author intended in this study to define the book to shed the light on and to show its significance through recalling his available handwritten. In this context، he investigated the three indexed in order to let readers know about all his researches، in addition to that، showing the reader›s scientific biography.

Al Seyed Mohammed Mehdi Al Mousewi Al Sheristani is considered one of the well- known scholars، jurists، and referential in his time.His descent belongs to the prophet Mohammed reaching to Al Seyed Ibrahim Al Murtedha Ibn Imam Musa Al Kadhum(p.b.u.h.).
The religious referential has the bright side in the nation leadership.Accordingly، we devoted ourselves to define the most prominent personalities that appeared in holy Kerbala.So، Al Sheristani was one of them.He left a rich scientific cultural heritage that some authors talked about.It is still in need for more exploration and investigation.However، the researcher decided to shed the light on this fountain heritage hoping that she can present to the readers the biography of this grateful symbol concerning the scientific، intellectual، and social aspects in Kerbala.
To give more clarification، a study about this jurist who played a great role in attracting students and scholars to study and take from his knowledge was introduced.This is what we are going to discuss in the research.The researcher was a narrative.The key words are: the historical and religious heritage of Kerbala city، Kerbala scholars، Al Seyed Mohammed Mehdi Al Mousewi Al Sheristani.

It is very clear that Kerbala was and still is a city of science and scholars. It had a number of scholars. It was the center of its characteristics، mainly، presence of the two holy shrines and people immigration towards it. Thus، it was like other schools such as Baghdad، Nejaf، Hilla، and other schools. Kerbala school appeared and flourished in the twelve and thirteen Hijri centuries under the great scholars’ hand as Al Weheed Al Behbehani and Al Seyed Ali Al Tebateba’i، etc. After the scholars› reputation، students and scholars were heading towards it for getting blessing and honour through visiting the two Imams and taking science from the great scholars. Al Seyed Mohammed Jewad Al Amili was one of those who visited Kerbala; he came from Jebel Amil directed to Kerbala. All things that the great Seyed got were results of what he learned from his teachers particularly Al Seyed Ali Al Tebateba’i، when he was saying in his right(he was the first who taught، brought up، approached، moved toward me). That was due to the close relation between them and his alone teacher Al Behbehani. It was said that he was too busy to leave Kerbala to visit the holy Nejaf and for the noble Al Seyed scientific status، the current research came to shed the light on him and to state his value and scientific efforts.

The research aims at shedding the light on one of the religious school in Kerbala، that is، Al Serdar Hassan Khan school. That school had priority in establishing and spreading the religious sciences to all over the Islamic world. That was beside graduating thousands of students who were heading to that school from different distant countries due to its possession of professional teachers and presenting the moral and material support to those foreigner students.

Kerbala city is recognized by a religious prestige and a geographical، economic، and social location. Imam Hussein had chosen it to be a place for plunging the most famous and fascinating heroism of courage and sacrifice for the sake of the sublime principles. Thus، Imam Hussein's(p.b.u.h.) revolution happened in accord with a planned method an ability from Allah Almighty. The infallible Imam(p.b.u.h.) told us about that through the tales and presented before its happening. So، within the large number of tales we found mentioning of Kerbala city which was connected with Imam Hussein's(p.b.u.h.) disaster. That's why the researcher tried to distinguished those tales and to tackle them in our current study to identify them and to study these speeches which extend from the prophet(p.b.u.h.) time to the death of Imam Al Sadiq(p.b.u.h.) in 148 H. The research discussed the Islamic narration about Kerbala during the Message era and the Islamic narration about Kerbala in the beginning of Islam(12 H. – 148 H. / 643 A.D. - 765 A.D.) to shed the light on the importance of this city concerning the Islamic heritage.

Kerbala was and still is procreating scholars، thinkers، and creators in all knowledge fields. Among those great and prominent that this city procreated was Islam reference the great scholar Sheikh Mohammed Al Turfi who was known by his asceticism، humbleness، high behavior، and his knowledge with jurisprudence. He was a shelter- to what relates to legitimate، prohibited، inheritance، the will، and other issues- to the district people(Al Hidiyah district) who headed to him with all their levels. Al Sheikh was very well known by his many publications in more than one science which was a source and clear watering place to science and knowledge students. The current research tackles Al Sheikh›s biography and his grammatical rectifications in his book(Al Turfi Masterpieces in clarification and completing Al Ijromeyah explanation).

Choosing the poet Abbas Abul Tus as a topic for research aims at showing to an image of poetic movement with importance of modern Iraqi poetry history in general and in Kerbala in particular. Poetic movement made، in that stage، visible transformation in the scale of Iraqi poetry putting it in the real modernity framework; the matter that invited me to search in his verse in the special aspiration on the history of this movement in Kerbala where many facts might have been lost and role and achievement extinguished within the time of conflicts، struggles، and troubles. That›s why it was significant to shed light on one of the poet who played an influential role in conveying the Kerbala›I sound to Arabic literature readers who was neglected by the critical writing. Thus، he did not take his chance from others› attention. His texts were unknown and were not studied. On the contrary، his poetic experience deserves an academic effort suitable to its high level.

We found that it is necessary to shed the light on this book to get benefit from its thoughts and historical image in the right of the two prophet’s grandsons(p.b.u.t.). This in addition to consider its narratives with their intellectual and historical values to gain more in what concerns uncovering its secrets or the external sense at least. The author’s style and method remain as reasons of uncovering that، as well as the researcher›s diligence in decomposing that and presenting it with a clear image applicable to the current era culture.

Sheikh Muhammed Al Herewi Al Isfehani Al Ha›iri is one of great Imami figures and in particular in Kerbala Holy Hawza. He left many publications that belong to various sciences and knowledge. After a scientific roaming in the Islamic countries، he chose the sacred surrounding to settle in as a home where he stayed about three decades as a teacher and classifier till he expired and was buried close to Abi Abdullah Al Hussein.
He interpreted himself in the end of his book(Nehayet Al Imal Fe Keyfeyat Al Rejou' Ila Ilm Al Rejal) which is still handwritten. His article is an investigation of the personal interpretation text with documenting its information.

Some factors helped Kerbala to start trading. Needless to say that its location in the middle of Iraq has an influence to activate trade movement in Kerbala. Thus, it can be said that geographical factor has an influence, where Kerbala links Baghdad and Kufa with Al Hijaz and Nejd area which highly participated in making Kerbala a significant passage for the desert caravans and later to be a significant passage for Hilla city which was established in 495 H.
The religious factor also has a prominent influence in appearing and developing the city. Indeed, people tried to make, due to this factor, Kerbala a scientific polestar to Ahlul Beit’s doctrine (p.b.u.t. ). The influence of the political factor disturbed negatively and positively. Sometimes, it was a demolition factor to people’s move, and it was natural to see this feature along to Umayyad era and different periods of the Abbasid era. The city was often undergoing their spite the matter make Kerbala side deeply. Some of these periods can be mentioned, for example, AL Bowehiyah state era and Hillai Benizeyed that its respect and admiration to Kerbala .Then, Abbasid state disturbance has arole development prosperity of the city scientifically and intellectually, in particular; moreover, it became destination to seniors and notables of the belief, especially in the scholar Al Hassan Bin Yousif Bin Al Muteher Al Hilli’s (726 H.). He had counted study gatherings in Holy Husseini courtyard where many students and scholars have studied. His class gathering was great in Kerbala as well as the legist’s era Ibn Al Fehad Al Hilli when Kerbala mastered Imami intellectually school and became center of attraction and for scholars. Surely, this made Ibn Betuta (779 H.) describes Kerbala’s market as a flourishing one or as he imagined it when he was talking about the city development and its holy sights.
These factors and others encouraged Kerbala trade prosperity. So, in spite of shortage of information about this city trade during Islamic eras, we tried to shed light on its trade and merchants who were dealing with various materials that desired in Kerbala’s markets which were transferred into Kerbala from different places.