AL-ADAB JOURNAL

Impoliteness is an act that is rejected and refused in the conventions of any society. However, it is utilized occasionally for various hidden motives and not only as an act of threatening others’ faces. This act is ascertained to be systematic according to Culpeper’s ‘Anatomy of impoliteness which is the adopted model in the present study. This model is applied to demonstrate the strategies that John Green adopts to demonstrate Van Houlten’s character that acts impolitely in Green's novel “The Fault in our Stars. The present study intends to reveal the types of impolite strategies that the writer utilizes to indicate this act of impoliteness and it also intends to reveal that impoliteness is a means to express grief, anger, and despair of life when losing our beloved.

This paper investigates the phenomena of vagueness and ambiguity in legal language starting from the conceptions of legislators who do not distinguish between them in interpreting legislative texts. We will start from this problem to show that there is a difference between vagueness and ambiguity as they differ in terms of conception. We will make clear that legal language is like ordinary language in that it is subject to vagueness and ambiguity although the jurists have put a set of rules and criteria which one resorts to in interpreting and explaining the text.

Themes of nostalgia are considered a nature in the soul of the Arab poet, especially in the Abbasid era, for the nature of his environment and his life in the desert and the Arabian Peninsula. The themes of nostalgia and alienation were not limited to man and place only, but the poet in the Abbasid era transcended them by broadcasting his emotional passion and burning feelings to draw a picture of his imagination that expresses his sense of loss. And his sense of nostalgia for religious symbols, as the Abbasid poet longs for fasting, Mecca, Mina, and the pilgrimage to Mecca. Therefore, nostalgia for religious symbols was an instinct for the Arab poet in the Abbasid era, who was associated with his true Islamic religion and lofty principles. Therefore, the subject of our research was titled "Nostalgia for Religious Symbols in the Poetry of the Fourth and Fifth Hijri Centuries of the Abbasid Era" with the aim of determining the purpose of nostalgia for religious symbols in all their forms, whether they were nostalgia for the past. For the divine presence, fasting Ramadan, or Mecca, and the feelings of pilgrims, Mina and Arafat, in order to bring the Abbasid poets closer to God Almighty.

The aim of this paper is to identify the differences between male and female politeness strategies employed by Iraqi EFL students in Al-Anbar Distinguished Schools. To attain this aims, the participants of the study were selected from Al-Anbar Distinguished Schools, represented by 53 female students and 50 male students during the academic year (2021-2022) to be in direct and frequent online interaction (via text messages) with each other as students, and with their teachers of English language. Consequently, WhatsApp and Telegram groups were created for this online chatting. A qualitative research design was conducted whereby online text chatting was collected to ensure the data of this study. The collected data were analyzed qualitatively by using a content analysis procedure based on Brown and Levisohn’s (1987) model of politeness strategies. The findings showed that there were differences between males and females’ use of politeness strategies as female students used these strategies slightly more than male students. It is worth noting that female students have used negative politeness strategies more than male students. Accordingly, teachers and students’ parents must educate students about how to use these strategies properly in communication, especially via online chatting.

The research sought to study one of the phenomena of Arabic that the scholars had been concerned with and presented their works to, as they tried to draw an image of it, to this end, we have taken several avenues, represented by extrapolating everything that is related to following and pairing up, as this phenomenon is based on a system of rulings that produce many linguistic images that the Arab was afraid of in his words; In fulfillment of the speech systems and context, even if it contradicts the origin of the linguistic situation.
This study was based on the descriptive approach in research and analysis, and it tended to note the phenomenon in its various forms, in the Iraqi feminist novel, then monitor and define it, and we presented the opinions of scholars in determining it, and we concluded from all that to clarify the precise concept of it, and we referred to the verbal accompaniments that represent this phenomenon. We hope with this humble research that we have contributed to the service of the Arabic language, and we ask God for success after that.

This study presents Doris Lessing as one of the most accomplished and significant British writers of the post-World War II generation. Her work looks into The Grass is Singing (1950) from a psychological, socio-cultural and economic point of view. It attempts to analyze the bleak and the tragic causes and effects of self-delusion in the lives of female and male characters alike in a racist society grappling with a number of deep-rooted social and political misconceptions and misjudgments. Moreover, it showcases a recycled series of psychological problems the main female protagonist faces due to her delusional beliefs which end only with her tragic death. It also sheds light on the importance of knowing oneself in a baffling and fragmented world enmeshed with people caught tight in the grip of self-made delusional conceptions in an attempt to cope with the challenges set by modern life. This fact can be discerned through the analysis of Lessing's representative novel: The Grass is Singing (1950) from Autobiographical, psychoanalytic and existential perspectives to make readers familiar with the destructive power of delusion and self-delusion in life. Lessing tackles issues that are at the essential concern to whole humanity around the world; therefore, this study can be taken as an attempt and an entry point of highlighting some aspects of the creative and innovative intellectual accomplishments of any truly concerned and committed writer with mankind problems in the world regardless to gender, race and educational and cultural background. The study is in two sections. Section one is concerned with the analysis of The Grass is Singing (its abbreviated form is TGS), and Lessing's narrative creativity through reader's concentration on causes rather than results. The second section presents racial discrimination and self-delusion in the text, taking childhood trauma into consideration and the issues of Marriage and Self- Delusion followed by conclusions and Bibliography.

The sensory image is one of the most important means in highlighting the features of the poetic image, as through it the meanings are transmitted to the mind of the recipient and through it, he can understand the text in a more beautiful and clear way. Because it contains wonderful rhetorical images such as similes, metaphors, metaphors and euphemisms, in addition to sensory images, each of these images has a role that helps to strengthen and embody the meaning. Based on this importance, in our research, we deliberately monitored the sensory image in the aforementioned book, and how these poets were able to employ these images with unique poetic prowess and high stylistic sobriety.

There is a reciprocal connection between a place and its inhabitants who attempt to shape it according to their aspirations and needs. This may result in the emergence of conflicting powers that struggle to control the place and decide its policies that, in return, affect people's lives and careers. This paper focuses on David Greig’s The Architect. The play is concerned with the conflict between Leo Black, an architect who is commissioned by the government to design Eden Court, and the tenants of the building who are represented by Sheena Mackie. The setting symbolizes Scotland and Sheena Mackie and the tenants represent the new generation in Scotland and their aspiration for change. The play will be telescoped through the lenses of the Thirdspace theory by the American theorist Edward Soja (1940-2015). According to his theory, space is classified into three levels: the first space which represents reality as it is, the second space that embraces people's perspectives about the place they occupy, and the thirdspace which combines both of the above-mentioned spaces. The purpose of the study is to show how a place can be determined by the power that succeeds in envisioning a third space combining first and second spaces.

(Urgent and Future Tasks) is a partial title to one of Vladimir Lenin’s books, which borrowed here for two reasons, the first reason being that the essence and content of my study already speaks about the priorities of theorizing and practice in political movements, and the original borrowing from the partial title discusses and poses the nature and Elements and pillars of organizational structures in terms of form at the ouAnd the second reason is the closeness, or more, to the congruence between the structural structure in the totalitarian left groups (models of movements and parties of Marxist thought) and the structural structure in the totalitarian right-wing groups (models of movements and parties of Islamic thought / example of the Ennahda movement in Tunisia from Through the vision and perceptions of the founder of the movement, Rashid Ghannouchi), and here it approaches in terms of content in formulating the organizational decision and the ideological decision in terms of substance. Regardless of the relationship or connection between the organizational formula of the political movement and the ideological content that it presents or attempts to express, and after I explained the reason for the Leninist metaphor, I moved on to analyzing the content of the study, and I say that this study of mine has divided it into three objectives, and each content deals with one of the tasks. Urgent tasks are tasks that cannot be postponed, and at the same time they express the original and real job for which Ghannouchi drafted his texts and fought his organizational and ideological struggles. Therefore, researching urgent tasks is searching for an attempt to answer the central questions in the contemporary Tunisian political Islam movement according to the Ghannouchi vision. The first central question was the question about the nature of the internal organization and the relationship of that nature to the ideo The first model was contemporary Egyptian political Islam according to the vision of Hasan al-Banna, and the second model is contemporary Pakistani political Islam according to the vision of Abu al-Ala al-Mawdudi, due to the precedence of the two experiences on the one hand and their depth on the other hand and their extension on the third hand, and the second central question which I will try to answer it, and it is also of the nature of urgent tasks is the question that deals with the organizational hierarchy, and in which I analyze the possibilities of continuity and continuity of the Ennahda movement in political work, in theory and in practice, logical content of the organization, through the religious vision of the organization and the vision The position of the organization, and in order for me to reach that Ghannouchi vision, it was necessary to put forward previous fundamentalist models to be measured and judged by them, And the constant readiness to confront official and semi-official institutions, and this continuity explains the formation or establishment of the private organization/private apparatus in the Ennahda movement, which formulated Ghannouchi’s basic nature through his texts of an organizational and guiding nature, and controlled it, and through which he was able to Complete control of the Ennahda movement, and the third central question is the possibility of answering about the organizational form between the leadership of the Ennahda movement and the popular bases of the movement. Which gave the Ennahda movement and its founder the ability to adapt, communicate and influence, and after trying to answer the central questions, which are the questions of urgent tasks, and it was an expression and translation of the deep structure of the perceptions of Ghannouchi and his movement, about the nature of the political organization, the structural structure and the organizational relationship Between the And it is the essential discourse that expresses the goals of the movement and the ideas of its founder. The search for future tasks was to search for ideas that try to answer commonalities that have an effective current in contemporary thought and contemporary society alike. The first question was about the concept of freedom. Between the vision of Western thought and the vision of Arab thought, and in these two visions, Ghannouchi’s perceptions of the concept and its problem will be discussed. leadership of the Ennahda movement and its popular bases, it represented the answer to the important tasks, the answer to the second aspect of the movement and of Ghannouchi, and it is an imposed question that is proposed in the fundamentalist movement’s possession of a bilateral political discourse or a dual discourse, a discourse that mimics the joined members, The goal of Western thought was to find a kind of balance between positive human tendencies and negative human tendencies, and this concept also resulted in Ghannouchi’s observation and appreciation of the Western moral system, which depicts or proceeds from the subjective nature of man, so he presents a conception of freedom through an Islamic vision. Proposing a fundamentalist conception of freedom, and this fundamentalist conception does not originate from man and does not originate from natural right, but the source of fundamental freedom according to Ghannouchi’s understanding, that it is a conception of an existential distance that transcends human existence, and the second question in the future tasks is the question about democracy in This question is trying to answer Ghannouchi's vision from the formal side of democracy and from the substantive side, Through Western and Arab thought, Ghannouchi indicates his dedication to the formal aspect of democracy or the procedural aspect with multiple functions of candidacy, the establishment of movements and parties, and the separation of powers, but he does not go along the line with the formal level, so it is assumed that Which focus on the principles of Islamic law and harmonize and express the reality of Muslims, and the third question in the future tasks is the question about equality, that is, equality at the level of the text and equality at the level of reality, in two dimensions, the first of which is the presentation of Ghannouchi’s vision about equality within Islamic law and Equality outside Islamic law, and this question was raised as a result of presenting and discussing Ghannouchi’s conception from two different reference points, namely the reference of the Qur’anic text and the reference of Muhammad al-Taher bin Ashour, in which Ghannouchi assumes in this treatment, which he quoted from his references (the reference of the Qur’anic text and the reference Muhammad Al-Taher bin Achour) in benefiting from the generality of the divine discourse, which Ghannouchi established on equality at the level of the text, the integrated democratic vision is in isolation. Which he establishes between the material dimension and the spiritual dimension, and in order for Ghannouchi to address the relative weakness in Western democracy, he presents his conception of Islamic democracy or the issue of shura, which takes the formal dimension of Western democracy and takes into account the objective dimension of Islamic democracy. And equality at the level of reality, in two dimensions, the first of which is the presentation of Ghannouchi’s vision about equality within Islamic law and equality outside Islamic law. And in which Ghannouchi assumes in this treatment, which he quoted from his references (the reference of the Qur’anic text and the reference of Muhammad al-Tahir bin Ashour), to benefit from the generality of the divine discourse, which Ghannouchi founded on equality at the level of the text. From which he proceeded to equality at the level of reality, and after discussing the central questions in the urgent tasks and the questions in the short-term tasks, I will move to a discussion of most of them, i.e. the argument of tasks, which is a complex discussion based on their origins, and I will search in this dialectical complex for Three realities, the first being the current, which is the currentness of political Islam, which represents the major circle in the debate of tasks. Different, and in this current, the focus is intensified on the founding thesis that Islam is a message and not a rule in contemporary Islamic thought, and it is the thesis of Ali Abdel Razek, which is the opposite of the thesis of Ghannouchi, which assumes that Islam is a religion and a state In the second current, the currentness of the Ennahda movement, which represents the middle circle in the debate of tasks, between the current political Islam and Rashid Ghannouchi, is discussed. In this context, I make a comparison between the political project of the Ennahda movement in light of the organizational structure and political participation under the electoral program. And in the third current, Rahnia Rashid Ghannouchi, the small circle will be analyzed in the debat of tasks, which is Ghannouchi’s continuity at the level of influence and textual presence and at the level of influence and personal presence, and the reason behind this lies in the essential link between the fate of The founder of any fundamentalist organization and the fate of the fundamentalist organization itself, because there is no separation in the fundamentalist organization between the personal dimension and the institutional dimension, it is linked to the personality of the founder, presence and absence, to a large extent.
Research hypothesis:
1- Although fundamentalist groups adopt a religious ideology, in the organizational and structural aspect they call and borrow the organizational structure of different ideologies.
2- Fundamentalist groups employ, with the structure of a double or bilateral discourse, a mobilizing public discourse, addressed to the public that is not officially affiliated with the group, consistent with the public order, the constitution and the law, and a private partisan discourse, addressed to members belonging to the group, consistent with the group’s private system and the group’s real goals.
3- Fundamentalist groups are fundamentally and intrinsically linked to their founder, both at the level of textual existence and at the level of personal existence, to the extent that this connection affects the existence of the fundamentalist group, present and future.
research aims:
1- Defining and analyzing the urgent tasks of the fundamentalist groups in the model (the Ennahda movement in Tunisia according to the text of Rashid Ghannouchi) by explaining its three component elements, which are (the nature of the internal organization, the organizational structure, and the relationship between the leadership and al-Qaeda).
2- Defining and analyzing the future tasks of the fundamentalist groups in the model (the Ennahda movement in Tunisia according to the text of Rashid Ghannouchi) by explaining its three constituent elements, which are (fundamentalist freedom, Islamic democracy and textual justice).
3- Defining and analyzing the controversy of the immediate and future tasks of the fundamentalist groups in the model (the Ennahda movement in Tunisia according to the text of Rashid Ghannouchi) by explaining its three component elements, which are (political Islam, the Ennahda movement and Rashid Ghannouchi.
Research Methodology:
1- Analytical method
2- The comparative method

The present study under the title " Violence against Male in Abu Ghraib in The New Yorker's political Reports' ' is interested in revealing issues of power, dominance and ideologies in the political reports which talk about violence against men in Abu Ghraib. Revealing these issues in the report will be according to the use of CDA approach depending on the two scholars who are interested in this approach, Teun Van Dijk, Norman Fairclough. In this study, there is a use of language as a tool to express dominance, power and ideology. With these linguistic elements, the previous issues are exploited indirectly by the American forces.
We aim in this study to identify all the linguistic elements which symbolize violence in the selected report. Then, we will explain its function in this report which is used pragmatically. After that, we explain the issues of power, dominance and ideologies and check whether they are used in these reports implicitly or explicitly.
We selected one report to be analyzed in this paper. This report was taken from the American weekly magazine "The New Yorker". Selecting these Extracts was based on the using of many linguistic elements which refer to violence in Abu Ghraib.
We used the qualitative approach in analyzing the data, because we deal with behavioral study, and it is the preferable approach in analyzing studies like these. In this method, we depend on the narrative way in the analysis rather than using numbers or statistics. The model adopted in this study will be an eclectic one depending on Fairclough's three-dimensional approach and Van Dijk's socio-cognitive approach. These models are interested in the texts with their social and cultural function.
The findings have included the use of linguistic elements of violence in these reports in many lines. The function of these linguistic elements was used indirectly in a hidden way. The study also revealed that issues of power, dominance and ideologies were exploited pragmatically in the American speeches. Our aims and hypotheses have been achieved in the findings and conclusions. In the last lines of chapter five, we gave some recommendations and suggestions for further studies.

This research presents briefly Iraqi Arabic dialects including KIA which is under investigation. It sheds on the main characteristics which are the main concern in this research which distinguish the qiltu dialects from other gilt dialects. This may be due to the fact that Kubeisa is a small town located far from urban regions which remains a "virgin territory" that the dialect spoken by its people requires analysis and investigation . In addition to the investigation of segmental phonemes and sounds in context (Deflexion) in Kubeisa Iraq Arabic (KIA), this study also aimed at pointing out whether this dialect belongs to "qiltu - dialects" or "gilt - dialects" spoken in Iraq. Then the dialect under investigation in this research, i-e., segmental phonemes of KIA are presented. The phonological analysis of the segmental phonemes of KIA was the focus of the current study's exploratory qualitative design, which involved gathering and analyzing qualitative data. The analysis of taped content, comprising sentences and words said by KIA speakers using a tape-recording equipment, is the focus of the current work. In addition, audio recording equipment is used. This study is a qualitative inquiry that is based on the words and writing created by a small group of KIA speakers. This study is descriptive since it deals with information that was gathered in the form of Instead of statistics, use recorded speech or conversations. This research concentrates on conducting interviews with KIA speakers and leveraging the instruments for recording audio activity. In this research, the researcher uses interviews which consist of several preset topics that are addressed to people who become the research subjects. To acquire qualitative data, the current study used semi-structured interviews. A semi-structured interview is one in which questions are prepared ahead of time but the interviewer is permitted to add several questions that were not planned ahead of time during the interview Also, it presents a brief survey of the main dialects used in the west of Iraq, namely HIA and RA (Dlaim Arabic). This research presents the most important results and discussion of findings of data analysis. In conclusion, the most important points in which the research is conducted are presented.

This study investigates the occurrence of dialect leveling in the variety of Arabic spoken in Anah, Iraq in terms of the current phonological patterns and change triggered mainly by dialect contact between qeltu and gilit speakers. The study provides a quantitative sociophonetic description of the speech of 60 (30 males and 30 females) Arabic Iraqi Ani (AIA henceforth) speakers. This study investigates the change in two phonological processes: qaf velarisation and Imala (deflexion) under the effect of informants’ age and gender and social network. Following Labov’s (1984) conversational network method, all informants were interviewed individually to collect the linguistic variables required for analysis. Results show that according to the increasing adoption of gilit features by Ani speakers, leveling is occurring in the AIA. Results also revealed that leveling has not yet reached the completion level, yet it is in a very advanced phase.

The official vocabulary of Russian state correspondence is characterized by a high level of saturation with diplomatic terminology and terminology of international law, as well as standardized speech turns.
Special vocabulary is the main core around which the whole document is built in lexical terms from the point of view of belonging to the style. It can include the names of diplomatic institutions, bodies, procedures, officials, diplomatic documents and their parts, etc. The proportion of each lexical layer is not the same. If the common vocabulary makes up the majority of the elements, then the special vocabulary is the "diplomatic background" of the document.
In order to investigate the composition of the official vocabulary of Russian state correspondence as a special fragment of diplomatic discourse, it is necessary to dwell in more detail on the question of the thematic groups that are part of it. The formation and development of each lexical macro group is determined by a number of factors, which include the state of language in society and the level of development of the corresponding functional styles.

Man has become today in the position of the convict and the biggest culprit of what has befallen the environment in terms of pollution, as he consumes more than the amount that nature can provide, and this consumption has negative and dangerous effects on the environment in general. The development witnessed by the twentieth century and what followed in the field of science led to serious problems caused by the negative impact of science and advanced technologies in other fields of science on nature. with it. This made philosophers and those interested in environmental issues raise questions about the human relationship with nature and the environment. Are humans the only beings that have an original value in the universe, or does the natural world and its plants and animals have their own value independent of their benefit to humans? Do humans have moral obligations towards other humans, in addition to their obligations towards plants, animals, and what is included in the environmental system? What is the extent of environmental problems that result from human towards the environment? Does a person have moral responsibilities towards future generations? Does man have the freedom and right to exterminate other beings for his own benefit and progress? All these questions and others have been tried by philosophers and those interested in environmental affairs to answer them and find solutions to environmental problems caused by man.

Nuestro estudio se concentra sobre los tiempos verbales en ambas lenguas vitales desde una perspectiva comparativa, hemos arrojado la luz sobre el modo subjuntivo en español y en árabe por ser uno de los problemas más comunes que enfrentan a los aprendices árabes del idioma español para que sepan cuándo se usa este modo, y cuándo sucede la alternancia entre el indicativo y subjuntivo. Al mismo tiempo se concentra este estudio en hacer una comparación entre las formas verbales de subjuntivo en español y árabe porque este modo en español tiene seis formas verbales contando los dos futuros, mientras en árabe existe sólo una forma que es al- mudāri al mansūb, o sea que, el presente de subjuntivo.

This research aims to identify the obstacles that women face in the balance between work and family and their relationship to marital compatibility in the center of Duhok city, through the answer to the research questions which are represented for knowing the most prominent obstacles and the level of marriage compatibility also the nature of the relationship between the obstacles and the marital compatibility, the researcher dependent to the descriptive analytic method to gain the answers for the research questions , the sample size of the research was (376) units in the age between (23 to 61) from married female employees in government departments in the center of Duhok City, the tool of the research have two scale , first scale about women's work built by a researcher which include (58) questions in three dimensions, which is (the obstacles facing women in social dimension, the obstacles facing women in psychological dimension, the obstacles facing women in economical dimension), also the researcher adopted a scale from the (Asma Ibrahim's PhD thesis in the title (occupational pressures and their relationship to marital compatibility among working women), the most important findings of the research it show that there is negative relationship between the obstacles that face women's work and their marital adjustment.

The research deals with the topic of insemination and incubation, and is considered one when external insemination is ideal (with children, and I am children). The process of artificial insemination does not raise any problems if it is carried out between spouses, but the problem is that it is performed on single women, and here the opinion of the philosophers and their position on this process is presented and their views are explained because the philosophers have a comprehensive, rational and logical view on the subject of artificial insemination and what progress has resulted in The great scholar in medicine and biology.

Effective blended learning plays on the strengths of face-to-face and online learning, and combines the best of both approaches to facilitate the best learning outcomes for students. It helps students gain more understanding of the subject, develops their cognitive and social skills and their different cultural backgrounds, and contributes to developing their preferences in their thinking styles and the diversity of their scientific competencies. Technology supports this differentiation, as it accommodates students with special needs and different educational interests and effective Student engagement refers to the quality and quantity of students ’psychological, cognitive, emotional, and behavioral reactions to the learning process, as well as academic and social activities inside and outside the classroom.
And since university students are living a new reality imposed on them by the Corona (COVID-19) pandemic of inability to continue continuously from traditional learning, the importance of blended learning has emerged for university students, and their effective engagement. The importance of effective engagement is also increasing, and the importance of blended learning in the era of progress supported by technology to ensure the continued provision of valuable education at the university level, so the researcher chose to be the research sample of university students.
The research problem was summarized by the following question: How effective is blended learning among university students? Do they have effective engagement? Is there a correlation between blended learning and effective Student engagement among university students?
The current research aims to identify:
1. Blended learning among university students.
2. Knowing the significant differences in the level of blended education according to the gender variable (male-female) and specialization (scientific – humanities).
3. effective Student engagement among university students.
4. Knowing the significant differences in effective Student engagement according to the variable of gender (male-female) and specialization (scientific-human).
5. The correlation between blended learning and effective Student engagement among university students.
In order to achieve the objectives of the research, (940) male and female students were selected from the students of the colleges, including scientific ones, including (College of Biomedical Informatics, College of Business Informatics, College of Dentistry) and Humanities (College of Arts, College of Education) from the Iraqi governmental universities in Baghdad, and they were selected in an intentional manner. Because of their application of the blended learning system, the researcher built the blended learning scale, based on the definition of Davis Tang and Chaw (DavisTang & Chaw, 2013).and Based on the theory of technology acceptance in 1986, the items of the scale consisted of (36) items distributed over six dimensions, which are (flexibility of education, online learning, study management, technology, teaching in the classroom, interaction via the Internet).
The effective Student engagement scale was also built based on the definition and theory of Gunuk and Kuzu (Gunuc & Kuzu, 2015). The effective Student engagement items were (40) items distributed into two dimensions (campus participation, class participation). The discriminatory power was extracted by two methods of the two extreme groups, the relation of the paragraph to the total degree. The validity and reliability were extracted, so the two scales were ready to be applied to the research sample, and after the data was applied and processed according to the statistical bag (spss).
The results showed the following:
1. University students have a high level of blended education (male-female).
2. There are no statistically significant differences in blended learning among university students, according to the gender variable, while there are statistically significant differences in the specialization variable in favor of scientific specialization.
3. University students have a high level of effective Student engagement (male-female).
4. There are no statistically significant differences in the effective Student engagement of university students, according to the variables of gender and specialization.
5. There is a positive correlation between blended learning and effective Student engagement among university students.
In the light of the results, a number of recommendations and proposals were made, including:
Recommendations: The relevant authorities, including the Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research, should hold courses and workshops for cadres based on blended education to develop their knowledge of digital technologies and the process of creating content, which motivates students to use the blended learning mechanism effectively.
Suggestions: The researcher suggests conducting a study dealing with the relationship between blended learning and effective cognitive engagement among sixth preparatory students, and the relationship of blended education with sensory-perceptual preferences and learning styles according to patterns of brain dominance.

This research aim to study the relationship of the cloudy cover (moderate CM) for what it contain the (nine) types of moderate clouds and its effect on the superficial temperatures that follow, and connect the relationship between the high and the low boundary for the monthly ranges, compare the time and space contrast between the northern, middle and southern, presence of temperature differences between the temperature is a result of the exposure of the study area to different types of pressure system, heights, lows and what follows of fronts and several air blocs and the effect of height factor above see scale, the astronomical site from width circles, the incidence of the sun ray angle and the length of the day, the clarity of the sky in the summer and winter, the effect of different climatic factors, the presence and absence of the aquatic flats and also to the local climatic circumstances of all terminal, the mankind factors which effect generally on the repetitions of the cloudy cover and the superficial that follow in particular. The study showed that the highest general average monthly was for the eighth type Altocumulus (Ac8) for Basra’s Station which reached (28.7) and the lowest average was for Hilla’s Station (20.6), chronologically the highest average monthly temperature was registered in July, August and September except for Najaf’s Station was in May, and Alsamawah in June.

The study area extends from 44°59'22.68"E longitude to 45°16'15.52"E longitude and from latitude 34°11'21.3"N north to a circle It is 34°28'49.79"N wide and has an area of 467 km2 in the northern part of Diyala Governorate. Geologically, the study area covers the sediments of the Tertiary and Quaternary periods. The formations of the Tertiary period included the Bay Hassan Formation, which we observe in the northern parts of the city, some western and central sites, and the Muqdadiyah formation, which occupies 44.52%. Which is concentrated in the eastern and central parts of the study area and includes the Quaternary era on the flood plains and sediments of multiple origin, which occupy 55.48%. It is one of the most important underground reservoirs in the study area. The nature of the climate, which played a major role in the climatic balance, was the semi-arid climate, which led to a water deficit in all months of the year in the two stations of Khanaqin and Tuz Khurmatu. The study showed that the soil in the study area consisted mainly of two types of calcareous desert soils, whose area is 94.55 km2 and their percentage is 21.51%. The second type is dry limestone soil, which is poorly textured soil and its area is 344.95 km2 and its percentage reaches 78.49% of the total area of the area. As for the natural vegetation, its spread is near the cultivated areas and near the irrigation and drainage projects, which revealed to us the presence of various types of vegetation cover in the study area.

Animal production is the second part of agricultural activity for any country as it constitutes an economic return, in addition to being a basic food for the population, in addition to the availability of a raw material for industry (%23,2) of the area of Anbar Governorate, and (%7.4) of the area of Iraq, and the area of arable and actually cultivated lands reached (232060) dunums, and the actually cultivated area was (148,232) dunums, and the percentage amounted to (% 63,87) of the total area The study showed the effect of natural and human geographical factors on the spatial variance of livestock. As for the geographical distribution of livestock, sheep came first with (181594) heads out of the total livestock in the region, and goats ranked second with (55,660) heads. While cows came in third place with (17466) heads, camels ranked fourth with (1840), and buffalo came in last place with (438), and then give a picture of the problems facing livestock and sweets The proposed solutions to these problems and the development of ways to advance the reality of livestock.

The study aims to identify the impact of human factors on the hydrological and environmental characteristics. The study area is determined by the course of the Euphrates River from the Hindiya dam to the Kufa dam, which is determined astronomically between two latitudes (32º43'25" - 32º10'14") north and longitudes (44º24'33" - 44º5'8") east.
The human factors represented by the Euphrates River water uses (domestic and agricultural uses), human waste, control and storage projects, showed that the population of the study area depend on the Euphrates River water for domestic uses, and that agricultural lands depend primarily on the Euphrates River water that penetrates its lands. Agricultural use is one of the largest Uses in terms of its consumption of water and affects the hydrological characteristics such as the discharge, the level and the chemical properties of the water due to the wastes it raises such as salts, industrial and organic pollutants and sewage water, the greatest impact on the high concentrations of pollutants in the river water.

The Internet has played a great impact in various areas of life, especially in the field of shopping, so the term electronic shopping has appeared, which has become parallel to direct shopping. There are special applications that support the feature of online shopping, and online shopping has affected the lives of families from a social and economic point of view.

The new family manifests the problem of emotional divorce between couples which flows into the core of the marital life leaving a bad effect on the family and the future of the couples and their children. It is one of the most overlooked problems in the Arabic societies in general, and the Iraqi society in particular to keep the children or to keep the social status. Hence, the study tackles emotional divorce to identify its indications and causes, in addition to diagnosing the projection of these social problems on the couple and their children, revealing the relationship between emotional divorce and actual one, and reaching some solutions or suggestions to decrease or eliminate the problem between couples. To achieve the aims of the study, the researcher chooses a sample of (240) wives and it is represented by the stratified random sample which reflected the features of the study community which is the community of Baghdad with its two sides Al kharch (Al Mansour, Shuhada'a Al Baya'a, Al Shurta Al Raba'a) and Al Rasafa (Shari Filistine and Hay Al Ameen). This study is descriptive which relies on two approaches, the first is the social survey and the second is the comparative approach. The study relies on the questionnaire as the main tool in collecting data after going through many stages to verify its consistency and validity, in addition to utilizing simple observation and interviews, the data of questionnaires were processed statistically via the (SPSS) via using many statistical tools like (percentage principle, arithmetic mean, standard deviation, chi - square test, Steven Sampson's principle Pearson principle) Of the most important findings of the study are as follows, that the majority of wives in the sample suffer from the coldness of the relationship, and they consider the silence of the husband in the house a sign of an emotional divorce, what causes the husband's silence is caused by his preoccupation with moder.

This research concerns in study the technique of silence in the Diction of theatrical actor .The first chapter include the method frame of the research through the research problem , its importance , objective , limits and determine the research terms ,the technique of silence ,the actor recitation .The second chapter includes the theoretical frame and previous studies .The researcher discusses in the first enquiry the technique of silence in theatrical performance through following this technique in Greek, Romantic , Middle Ages and Renaissance .Also it shed a light on the comedy, Delartiee, Pantomime and Mime as the two prominent examples of using this technique .In the second enquiry ,discuss the work of the technique of silence in the actor recitation where the researcher review the most important mechanisms and functions that the silence achieved as a technique in recitation and its collaboration with the voice performance of the actor through two levels. The first is when the silence is productive in itself and the second when it becomes in the form of artistic or psychological intervals. Then the researcher review the most prominent previous studies to conclude what the theoretical frame results of indications .In the third chapter we have the research procedures in which the research sample is determined, the reasons behind choosing the research sample, the research description methodology as well as depend on the indications results of theoretical frame as an instrument for analysis for the example in Sa'at Elsooda (Saeat Alsawda)play that were performed on 2018 .In the fourth chapter the researcher reached to the results , conclusions, recommendations and suggestions concerning the research subject .Then followed by the references and the resources, The most important result of the research:
1-The technique of silence in the recitation of theatrical actors achieved two levels in function. The first when the silence in itself and the second when the silence in the artistic and psychological intervals.
2- The technique of silence represented in the actor throwing in the theatrical performance some of the communicative functions in the verbal dialogue such as repetition, emphasis, linkage, organization and contradiction.

This study sheds light on one of the important linguistic topics, which is the patterns of indicative referral (signal nouns and adverbs of time and place) in Semitic languages and to highlight its role in the process of analyzing and understanding the linguistic text in an accurate manner. Study the text. The indicative reference is characterized by being one of the modern studies that study the structure of the text. This study is concerned with a general description of the indicative reference term, from which the denoting nouns, the adverbs of time and place, their divisions and types in Semitic languages, and the term denote being a complement to the subject of the reference .
Note that the study of the phenomenon of reference in general and its role in the structure of the text despite its presence in ancient texts, but this study was discovered by modern linguists according to modern linguistic theories and was not referred to in the literature and books of ancient linguists .
Where many text scholars made a great effort in searching for the structure of the text to discover the functions that fall within the science of text, and an interest in textual studies with the grammatical structure of texts in order to clarify the relationships that link the parts of the text and contribute to the establishment of a coherent linguistic unit from the grammatical and semantic aspects. One of the most famous Western scholars who contributed to laying the foundations for the study of this phenomenon in the structure of the text.

The subject of the study is format conjunction in the Syriac language (Mark's Gospel as a model), a contrastive Semitic linguistic study.
Conjunction is the subjunctive that one of the conjunctions mediates between it and what follows it; or it is the link between two sentences or a clause by means of a conjunction.
What is the conjunction? How many conjunction words are there? Is there a difference in the number of these words? And what are its rules? In order to answer these questions, it is called conjunction because it coordinates texts or speech so that the coordinated noun takes the form of the preceding noun according to certain rules. The conjunctions are ( Al-Waw-and, Al-Fa-and, thuma-then , Aw-or, Am-or, La-nor, Hata-till, Bal-but, Lakin-but, Ama-or). There is a difference between the Arabic language and Syriac language in the number of conjunctions.
There are a number of rules which govern the use of conjunctions, like coordinating two verbs or two sentences.
The limits of the research is in the Gospel of Mark, an applied study, following a contrastive approach for Semitic languages such as Syriac, Hebrew and Arabic.
The present study concluded the following results:
The sources of conjunctions in the Arabic language are numerous and in Semitic languages as well, but some studies have approached conjunctions as e dependents, so this study is considered very important in the field of Syriac language and its comparison with the Hebrew and Arabic languages. Despite the difference between Arab and Syriac grammarians in the number of conjunctions, the researcher agrees with the majority of grammarians in the number.