Tikrit Journal of Pure Science

This study was conducted to diagnose the aerobic bacterial species causing gingivitis, reveal the antibiotic susceptibility pattern and assess the level of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) in serum of patients with gingivitis. In total, 110 samples (including patient group and control group) were collected during the period from November 2021 until March 2022. Of which, 80 samples were collected by using oral swabs from patients attending the College of Dentistry at Tikrit University and outpatient clinics of both gender with different age groups. While the remaining 30 samples were collected from healthy individuals representing the control group. Identification of bacterial isolates was performed depending on micro and macroscopic cultural characteristics and biochemical tests. In addition to assessing the biochemical characteristics of the isolates, a VITKE2 compact system was used to ensure the identification of species level. The TNF-α concentrations in the serum were determined using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay known as a sandwich ELISA. Out of 80 samples, 60 (75%) samples showed positive bacterial growth cultures, while 20 (25%) samples showed no bacterial growth. The most common isolated bacteria species was Streptococcus mutans (18%), followed by Streptococcus mitis (13%), Staphylococcus aureus (12%) Streptococcus salivarius, Streptococcus pyogenes (8%) Staphylococcus epidermidis, Enterococcus feacalis, Escherichia coli, Klebsilla pneumoniae (6%), Rothia dentocariosa, Pseudomonas aeruginosa (4%), and Streptococcus pneumonia, Kocuria kristinae, pneumonia, Kocuria kristinae, Granulicatella adiacens (3%). The sensitivity of the bacterial isolates under study was tested to 11 antibiotics. Different species of bacteria showed various sensitivity patterns to several kinds of antibiotics. The study recorded a high significant difference (P=0.0007) between the patients (56.54 + 9.32 pg/ml) and the control group (31.88 + 7.44 pg/ml) concerning the level of TNF-α. In conclusion, the predominant bacteria identified from gingivitis patients were S. mutans and S. mitis. In addition, the levels of TNF-α in gingivitis patients were significantly higher than in the control group.

Leptin and Adiponectin are considered principal indicators of tuberculosis (TB). They are critical parts of the pathophysiological processes to which treatment can be applied. Thus, this research aimed at finding out the role of Adipocytokines and 25-dihydroxy vitamin D in the aetiology of tuberculosis. The research sample included (90) participants divided into (50) tuberculosis patients and (40) healthy subjects representing the control group who were age and sex-matched. Circulating levels of adipocytokines and 25- dihydroxy vitamin D were analysed by using ELISA techniques. Compared to the subjects of control group, tuberculosis subjects had significantly (P<0.0001) lower levels of serum leptin (5.84±1.83 pg/mL) and vitamin D (2.77±0.52 ng/mL). However, compared to their control counterparts, tuberculosis patients had significantly (P<0.0001) higher levels of adiponectin (16.30±1.23 ng/mL). The ROC curve analysis of Leptin, Adiponectin, and 25-dihydroxy vitamin D indicated a high diagnostic value in predicting the risk of tuberculosis. The present study findings revealed that elevated serum adiponectin with decreased serum leptin levels and hypovitaminosis D are strongly correlated with the pathogenesis and state of tuberculosis.

Aiming to obtain new anti-bacterial agents, nine novel compounds (8-16) having the same essential moieties (phosphate ester, Schiff base and sulfonamide) were subjected to virtual molecular docking screening to investigate the interaction between these compounds and amino acids existing in the active site of dihydropteroate synthase. compounds (5-7) were synthesized, and on the basis of that, proposals for subsequent compounds were built. Virtual compounds were built based on previously prepared compounds (1-6). Docking score, root mean square deviation (RMSD), hydrogen bond type, Pi-Pi bond, salt bridge, and Pi-Cation, and their distance, bonding site of the target and ligand are calculated. The docking score of all compounds was more than standard drug (sulfamethoxazole), and according to these results, our designing compounds may thus serve as potential anti-bacterial drugs.

Solar energy is one of the most important methods used worldwide to provide some of the global energy requirements. It is easily available and free from negative effects on the environment. In this research, the possibility of increasing the efficiency of solar cells is investigated. The SCAPS-D simulation is used to investigate the ZnO/ZnS/CNTS solar cell. The practical research is compared with the program, showing that the program simulates the reality due to the high convergence between the practical and theoretical results of the program. By changing the doping ratios of the theoretical cell layers, the cell efficiency shifts from )3.19% (to )9.41%(. The theoretical cell is improved by adding various back reflection layers (BSL), increasing the conversion efficiency from )9.41%( to )11.59%(. After adding more matching layers, the cell\'s structure becomes ZnO/ZnS/V2O5/CNTS, increasing the conversion efficiency to (14.25%). The ratio of conversion efficiency of ZnS/V2O5/CNTS/CFTS is (17.22%), the filling factor (67.74%), the short circuit current (23.247mA/cm2), and the open circuit voltage (1.0937 V).

Quantum information processing has a wide range of uses, including the solution of complex algorithms, cryptography, dense coding, quantum computation, and quantum teleportation. Quantum entanglement, a phenomenon that is crucial to many different applications of quantum computation, is an essential resource for quantum computation, and the need for quantum circuits that generate entangled states is one of the ongoing needs for constructing quantum computers. In this study, we present a general approach to the design of quantum circuits that produce entangled states. The approach can be applied to the design of various entanglement circuits with any number of qubits (n-qubit systems), and it makes use of a set of CNOT and Hadamard gates, where the number of CNOT gates should always be (n-1) and each gate connects the two adjacent qubits. In this paper, a three-entangled teleportation scheme of a GHZ-like state (named after its inventor Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger) through three particles as a quantum channel is presented. The probability of successful teleportation depends on the degree of entanglement of GHZ-like states. A 5-qubit quantum teleportation over a GHZ-like channel has also been used. And single-qubit gates are defined, which are Pauli gates. These gates are represented by arrays I, X, Y, and Z. The results in this paper are good and promising theoretical results in the field of quantum entanglement and quantum teleportation using the Mathematica program.

ABSTRACT
This paper reports the finding of potential economic
iron mineralization in the ophiolite rocks system in
the Choman-Rayat Area, Kurdistan, Iraq. XRD,
SEM-EDS, ICP-MS, ICP-OES, and detailed optical
microscopy studies indicated that these iron-rich
bodies are sedimentary and formed in a hydrothermal
alteration system of the abundant serpentinized
peridotite in the area with possible microbial
interaction. Hematite (up to 55%) is the major
mineral in iron-rich bodies, along with quartz,
chlorite, and some minor spinel content. In addition
to Fe, other potential economic metals associated
with iron-rich bodies are nickel (Ni) and cobalt (Co)
mineralization. The Ni and Co concentrations ranged
from 2094 to 989 ppm and 189.1 to 678.5 ppm
respectively. This study adds significant data to the
scarcely known or geochemically assessed mineral
resources in the Iraqi Kurdistan.

Thirteen samples of sediment were collected from the
Tigris River between Hammam Al-Aleel and Fat'ha
area, northern Iraq to determine the texture of these
sediments, clay mineral assemblages and
concentrations of some heavy metals. The grain size
analysis of the samples revealed that the silt fraction
is the most dominant type in the studied samples, and
the size decreases down-stream in accordance with
the river's morphology and gradient. The clay
fraction was examined by employing XRD to
recognize the clay mineral types. It was found that
montimorillonite is the most dominant mineral, in
addition to illite, palygoriskite, kaolinite and chlorite.
The heavy metal elements were determined by
Atomic Adsorption Spectrum (AAS) instrument and
they included Zinc (Zn), Copper (Cu), Cobalt (Co),
Cadmium (Cd) and Lead (Pb) in the clay fraction.
However, due to human activities like fertilization of
soil and industrial water, such elements as Pb (163
ppm), Zn (121 ppm), Co (33 ppm) were higher than
the normal concentration, while the concentration of
Cu (42 ppm) was lower than the normal.

In the current study, the depth of groundwater was detected in
(39) wells in the banks surrounding Tigris River between Mosul
and Badush dams, and then the maps of depth and level of
groundwater were drawn. To predict the response of
groundwater behavior in the banks of Badush reservoir in the
strips adjacent to the river when starting the filling process, the
lines of selected water levels in Badush dam were plotted on the
map of groundwater equipotential lines to detect the areas
confined between the water level in the reservoir and the same
level for groundwater. It is assumed that these areas are affected
by the bank storage; therefore, they are prone to leakage or
geotechnical problems within the zone of engineering facilities
foundations including Badush Dam itself, the regulatory dam
and infrastructure projects. In the pre-storage stage, it is noted
that the area of influence of the bank storage is very limited and
does not exceed 2 km2 on each side of the river in the area very
close to the dam. When the water level raises more at the
beginning of the storage, the area of influence of the bank
storage will extend towards the upstream close to the river
meandering. The effect on the eastern bank (left) will be wider
compared to the situation in the western bank (right) where the
effect is limited. The eastern side is characterized by having a
higher population density and more urban establishments;
therefore, the foundations of these establishments will be more
affected. The area affected by the bank storage continues to
widen towards upstream with the increase in the level of the dam
reservoir until the effect reaches the maximum limit and
approaches the shoulders of the regulatory dam, when the water
levels in Badush reservoir are more than 245 m above sea level
(a. s. l.). The variation in the groundwater extension effect with
the continuous or gradual filling of reservoir requires
monitoring and caution during filling, for fear of affecting the
geotechnical properties of the soil and rocks within the
foundations zone, and thus affecting the stability of the two
dams

In this paper, a discrete time prey-predator system
with Crowly- Martin functional response was
studied. The fixed points of the model are obtained,
and their stability is analyzed. Further existence of
bifurcation analysis at each fixed point and Hopf
bifurcation are demonstrated. Numerical simulation
show that the model perhaps has more complex
dynamical behaviors, such as the period-5,10,20 and
35 orbits, including the periodic doubling bifurcation
in period-2,4,8 and 16 orbits and chaotic set.

In this paper, we applied and explain the stability to
some linear and non-linear stochastic differential
equations by using the Lyapunov direct second
method, after finding the stochastic differential
equation which obtained by applying the (Itointegrated formula) and the quadratic Lyapunov
function be taken, we use the Lyapunov theorems to
find and explain if the trivial (zero) solution are
stochastically stabile (p-stable, mean square stable
and stochastically asymptotically stable in the large ),
then we explain the methods by some examples

In this paper, we applied some properties on chain
fuzzy graphs, which comprise vertex identification.
These properties are independent sets and
independent dominant sets.

Let R be a finite commutative ring with identity 1.
We introduce a new graph called regular divisor
graph and denoted by ????????(????). We classify the finite
commutative ring to get a special graph and we are
going to study some properties of this graph, clique
number, chromatic number, number of cycles,
connectivity and blocks.

In this paper we present the notion of “quadratic”
BH-algebra and TM-algebra, and show that every
quadratic BH-algebra and TM-algebra (????;∗,????) ,???? ∈
???? has a product of the form ???? ∗ ???? = ???? − ???? + ???? ,
where ????, ???? ∈ ????; if ???? is a field with |????| ≥ 3 and BCIalgebra. Moreover, we show some theorems and
examples with relationships among B-algebra, BH –
algebra, BG-algebra and TM-algebra.

In this work, data for electronic activities of lecturers
in Computer Science Department was organized
using a relational database management system to
exploit relations between entities for facilitating
access, view, and manipulation of data developed
using Microsoft Visual C# programming language to
obtain an easy-to-use graphical user interface (GUI).
In addition, the Sap Crystal Report program was used
to prepare reports for the electronic activities of the
lecturers under study. The electronic system would
reduce mistakes caused in the manual use of
lecturers’ data. Additionally, it would speed up data
access in case of viewing, updating or deleting the
data without any errors. This project consisted of four
phases, namely, system analysis, design,
implementation and evaluation. Experiments
explained that the suggested database system is more
appropriate for lecturers’ information management,
as more than 80% of the lecturers studied were
satisfied with this project. This type of on-line
platform system and its applications can be applied
for stakeholders in various ways.

Over the period of time, the data on the web grows by
leaps and bounds that becomes unmanageable to
store and retrieve. As a result, the concept of semantic
web comes into existence. Nowadays, various
components of semantic web stack become mature
such as Resource Description Framework (RDF).
Due to the higher adoption rate of RDF in both
industry and academia, it becomes crucial to design
such systems that can store and retrieve RDF
formatted data. Since last decade, various query
languages for RDF data retrieval were proposed
mainly based on either graph query language or on
relational algebra. However, none of them become
mature enough that can overcome majority of
challenges. Therefore, there is an utmost need for the
comparative study of available languages in
literature. In this paper, a comparative study based on
various parameters was conducted that provides a
better insight about the literature.

Edge detection is a fundamental and important tool in image
processing and computer vision. The research topic discusses
edge extraction of a digital image using various digital image
processing techniques. Digital image edge identification using
variety of digital image processing methods. The most popular
technique for identifying discontinuities in intensity levels is
edge detection. The actual image contains noise that could affect
the digital image's quality. Some edge detection filters were
used such as Canny, Sobel, and Prewitt. Laplace of Gaussian
(LOG) edge recognition, Robert boundary detection, zero edge
recognition and analysis. In light of the results of the comparison
of edge filters the best edge filter had been obtained. Also, a
hybrid method that merges between Canny filter and
morphology operations were produced for edge detection. The
research aims to reach an appropriate image purification by
using different types of filters and to reduce distortions at the
edges of the image and to determine which type of filter is the
best. As well as, a comparison operation is applied between the
traditional method and the hybrid method. Following the results
explained by the filters used and displaying the resulting images.
The results evaluated from hybrid filter show that this method is
optimal than the traditional filters based on the Blind/Reference
less Image Spatial Quality Evaluator (BRISQUE) with a value
equals 43.43. A smaller score indicates better perceptual quality.
Also, the edged images quality consequences from the
traditional filters were measured by this metric. The results
produced from the traditional filters prove that the best filter for
edge image detection is Canny filter based on Blind/Reference
less Image Spatial Quality Evaluator (BRISQUE) that reaches
46.01. In addition, the correlation coefficient was estimated to
find which of the resulting images are better and closer to the
original image. While for correlation coefficient the better filter
was Prewitt filter with 0.3133 value. This study program was
applied under the MATLAB R2020b system