ADAB AL-BASRAH

The current papers tries to discuss two Iraqi novels for two Iraqi writers, these novels are (Khaiib) to batool Al khudairi and (sayadat zuhal) to Latifa Al Dulimi. The study focuses on studying the activities of narrating and writing. It is meant by narrating is the concern of the novel to talk about the specific period, the even and the characters without speaking directly or frankly about the self and its problems. On the other hand, writing refers to the interest in the narrative speech and its beauty, without paying attention to reporting about events or characters which seem to be the same in many cases. In that case, the speech about self is the most prominent and the rise of poetic language, which reveals the ability of the novelist in activating a lot of writing tools in the text of the novel like the massages, quires, and tales. These two activities are representing a cultural situation related to women in our world and many of humanitarian situations.

This study seeking for explain a paradox that is while the hospitals being served to many of the people in the terms of their medical services, it could be, in the same time, considered as a major source to contaminated them with acute diseases. Therefore, the present study is concerned with detecting on the presence and concentration of some enteric bacterial pathogens which have resulted in wastewater discharged from hospitals in Basra City. Laboratory findings in water samples taken from selected three hospital sites indicated in that there are a significant increase in pathogens, so that it may lead to a serious bacterial contamination in the aquatic environment of Basra.

Ernest Hemingway's "Hills Like White Elephants" leaves so many unanswered questions for its readers. The story presents typical Hemingway's male and female characters in both dialogue and dilemma. This essay studies the use of two as a double rhythmic movement in the story. It also presents an analysis of different duality objects in the story, in which two entities of each duality are alike, though most of these objects are paradoxical in their nature, complex and ironic. In accordance with his so-called Iceberg Theory, Hemingway stripped his work of everything but the bare essentials, leaving readers to fish through dialogue and bits of narration on their own.

Learners’ beliefs influence their consciousness, attitude towards learning, learning strategies and policies. Determination of learners' beliefs in language teaching/learning process will be helpful in forming effective learning methods(Büyükyazi,2010:1). The present paper explores the use of translation by Iraqi university students, particularly with regard to their beliefs concerning translation and using it as a strategy. Thirty female and male students of English at Basrah University participated. Two sets of questionnaires were employed: the Inventory for Beliefs about Translation (IBT), and the Inventory for Translation as a Learning Strategy (ITLS).The results indicate that the participants in the study believe that they use translation tasks to learn all language skills. The learners have a positive view towards studying translation to improve their English. According to the results of the Pearson correlation analysis, one significant canonical correlation was found between the composite belief variables and the composite strategy variables which was between B2 and S1 . No other significant statistically relation was found between learners' beliefs and strategy use as it is related to translation as a learning process to learn English. The results also show that students used a wide variety of learning strategies related to translation. The participants employ translation as a learning strategy to comprehend, remember, and produce English and they depend heavily upon translation in the process of learning and acquiring English as a foreign language.
Keywords : foreign language learning, learning English, translation, learning strategies, students' beliefs.

Seeks this research to detect women's relationship creativity in the framework of SAMA in the Arab heritage, has manifested this relationship through two perspectives first: women as creative, has been through this perspective elucidate the position of Arab women's creativity and study all aspects of thematic and artistic, which was distinguishedwomen present at the Arab Monetary sources.
The second perspective Votnol where women receive for his creativity and criticism in the Arab Monetary sources and what are the most important motives that actuated to that criticism?

Traditional poetry in the Arabian gulf region is similar to the ancient poetry in all of its forms and themes ,as a result of environmental , social, political and economical conditions , because ancient poetry environment is no different from the gulf environment and climatic conditions, so most of the poetry of these poets falls under the description of war battles ,elegy, eulogize, courtship poetry ,the same topics of ancient poetry , here we can express this period as emotional stream period, the best expressed that period the Kuwaiti poets Sakr Shabib , and Fahad Al- Askar ,they were blind ,and Bahraini poets Ibrahim Al-Aridh and Ahmed Khalifa, Omani poet Saqr Al Qasimi,they appeared emotional trend ,cultural environments, and sufferings from the harsh conditions before the discovery of oil.

Symmetry in bashar bin burd’s poetic imagery : pragmatic study
Its not doubt that symmetry is aharmoic correlation in language sensualities and in its central displacement that rise out of the essense of the most efficient issuesin the aesthethics of criticism and literature
Symmetry is kind of correlationin the pragmatic void and are of the emotional components and the harmony with the human and social dimension to fill the gap between the two antonyms .thius what came first is followed by an empty space till the second comes to fill the space and this is called localization which is an important principle in pragmatics .going up and down are two dynamic anxieties and what is between them of the continuation of action and function are the pragmatic symmetryies that surpass much of the effort and self –obssession our release of the blind symmetry is abstractness and self –obssession in its intention that may not go in harmony with the other and may go beyond it in its component consistencies

TheVocative is an instinctive phenomenon and a means of communication for it is of great importance in discourse. The basic meaning of the vocative is to address and draw the addressee's attention.But the vocative may express other meanings that can be understood from context such as lamenting , expressing pain , surprising , praying , insulting and so on. In Surat Yusuf {Peace be upon him} the vocative frequently occurs since this sura is characterized by the use of dialogues.
The present paper traces the forms of vocative used by the characters in this story in the light of the general context that relates the two participants of the vocative (I.e. the addressor and the addressee), the direction of discourse, type of discourse and the social status of the two participants , let alone the psychological and emotional dimensions which appear in the internal context (viz. linguistic context) and external context (viz. non-linguistic context) of the situation at which the vocative is produced. Most of the forms of vocative in Surat Yusuf express the basic meaning of vocative which is addressing and drawing the addressee's attention accompanied by additional expressive meanings emphasizing the basic meaning and expressing figurative meanings such as praying .
Notably, The story of Yusuf starts and ends with vocative forms , which emphasizes the importance of vocative and its role in the development of the story.The current paper shows that the use of vocative in the Quranic dialogue has important semantic functions in addition to its social and psychological functions .

This paper focuses on the study of the art photograph in Al-Rahman Soura. In the first, picture builder components from language and notation are studied. The second case of study is the picture formation dependent on the word and construction. Also, the general frame of picture is studied in this paper.

This research deals with method of satyagraha (nonviolence) as a distinctive phenomenon in the movements of liberation from colonialism. Gandhi invented this method in resistance, taking advantages of his personal experiences and his contact with the suffering of Indians in South Africa. However, this method has achieved remarkable success there. Gandhi managed to unite the Indians in South African and he led them towards achieving important successes that rewarded them with a lot of rights which had been robbed by the white governments. This experience was a first stage in the movement of the largest and most difficult struggle led by Gandhi in India against British colonialism. At the end he was able to achieve the exploitation of his country.

Benediction by the Prophet , Mohammed ( Allah blessing upon him) and his ruins is considered one of the matters that many researches of the Prophet's life, for it has a great importance in order to study the Prophets circumstances with his companions , on a hand ,and its effect on the Moslems' opinionative life on the other hand.
In fact ,Benediction is a way of request with the Prophet to Allah K either to increase the beneficence or to recover from a harm or indignation that the Moslems face. Because the Prophet, Mohammed, is the grace by Allah, and he is the best of all creatures on the universe, his dignity by Allah is great, for this reason , the companions continued to ask the Prophet to call Allah , or to touch his blessing body or to have something from him or his trace.
Benediction by the Prophet and his ruins is one of the legal matters during the Prophet's life and after his death; therefore we find his companions and the followers and the followers follow this Sunnah (enactment) to seek benediction. Allah does not disappoint the one who requested him by his Prophet Mohammed or ask intercession in order to perform his need.
Many people, nowadays misunderstand the meaning of benediction and consider it as ignorance and polytheism , forgetting the Prophet's charity and favour on this nation. He is the one of the means , charity and great place in Paradise and he is the one of the great intercession that no one has reached either a prophet or a messenger or an angel since Allah created the heavens and earth till the doomsday.

The era of Caliph Almohad Abu Yacoub Yousef bin Abdul Momin of Ages that saw booming and renaissance extensive scientific, and which is an extension to the era of his father Abdul Momin Ben Ali, due mainly to this renaissance to personal scientific and high culture and erudition that excelled by this successor even before he took for the position of the Caliphate, which in turn reflected positively on public life in general and life science in particular
I have the researcher set of things belonging to the nature of the scientific life in the era of Caliph Abu Yaqub Yusuf bin Abdul Momin and the large role that has characterized through its interest in science and encourage scientists to work on attract and bring them from Amassaarham to his court, as has been pointed out to the most important science that was in circulation at that era, and places of learning which draws students sciences, starting from the early stages of education in Koranic schools through mosques and their important and vital role in receiving various sciences ending Almohad Caliph Palace
The researcher pointed also to trips that his scientists to seek knowledge and meet elders or Find books and brought with them, and the presence of two types of these trips is internal which are made within the borders of the state Almohad whether in Morocco or in Andalusia, and external pull where scientists backpacker to Hijaz or Iraq or Syria or Egypt, was also recalled libraries both the public and supported by the state, or established by scientists and which contain a lot of books and rare and valuable books

In their studies of provinces, geographers aim at highlighting their special features and main characteristics according to the phenomenon to be studied. For this reason, the present research work seeks to study population regions, whether major or minor, in the Middle and Southern parts of Iraq, together with their differences. The study is restricted to 2007 only without reference to former censuses due primarily to many administrative changes and the lack of a unified system of the names given to them.
The study covers thirteen governorates excluding northern governorates(Arbil, Duhouk, Sulaimaniya, Mousul and Kirkuk). A number of statistical techniques have been adopted, in addition to tables,charts, graphs and maps. The work is divided into four chapters. The first chapter deals with the dimensional and relative distribution of population; the second focuses on population dense distribution ; the third tackles the measurements of population concentration; and the fourth is about the affecting population distribution.
The study has come with the following results :
1. Iraq Middle Region comes first as to the total number of Iraq population (57.6%).
2. Baghdad governorate comes first among other Iraqi governorates in the volume of population (more than 7 millions),i.e. 32.4% while Al-Muthanna governorate comes last (4%).
3. There is lack of proportion between areas and population, whether on the level of governorates, provinces, or small administrative units.
4. The density average indicator points to the fact that the two regions come within the third indicator (50-75%). Most other governorates come under the secondcategory, while Al-Muthanna gevernorate comes within the seventh category(75-100%) .

This research is intended as a discussion over the concepts and issues concerning the most outstanding developments that have been applied in the field of processing and organizing electronic resources and webpages . The discussion covers the contemporary techniques and tools including metadata schemes and standards , Functional Requirements of Bibliographic Record (FRBR) , Resource Description and Access (RDA) , MARC 21 ,etc.and the effect of these trends on the libraries and information centers and on the librarians and others working in a library and information environment in the the developed countries . The research also gives a general overview of how libraries and information center in the Arab World and Iraq respond to these trends and presents in conclusion some suggestions and recommendations.

There is no doubt that data collection is a must in the world of information technology. A good library is the main source to which an investigator always turns to enrich and develop his knowledge of the world in general and validate his specialization in particular.
The significance of this study stems from the work to improve the university administration to have a successful assessment of the librarians under investigation and to identify the relation of job approval to gender and experience variables.
This survey covers forty five university librarians who have responded to a questionnaire prepared to have the required data that can be analyzed according to the corrected medium and percentage.
The researcher has concluded that many librarians are not happy with their salaries and intend to move to the SOC or any similar offices. Others have suffered from the ill-treatment of their managers or deans who are far from being objective. However a number of the subjects of the study are happy with their income especially after the enactment of the law governing the university financial affairs.
Finally, the researcher recommends the following:
1- Facilities of different types should be made available.
2- A system of motivation and rewarding needs to be introduced and applied objectively.
3- Training courses are needed to improve the performance of librarians to make them cope all newly developed requirements.