Diyala Journal of Human Research

This research deals with a short treatise on the doctrinal heritage that deals with one of the doctrinal issues related to destiny, and it is by Imam Muhammad Faqi al-Ayni (T .: 1147 AH) and bears the name “Explaining the Right to the Creation.” In it the author touched on the issue of time in its two types, suspended and concluded, and shows its importance and evidence from The Noble Qur’an, the noble prophetic hadiths and the sayings of scholars, from which it is understood to prevent the increase or decrease in the term, then he proceeded to present some of the prophetic hadiths that are useful for increasing and decreasing the deadlines, while explaining the sayings of scholars and their opinions about them and pushing the imaginary contradiction between them and some Qur’anic verses and the hadiths in preventing increase and decrease On the other hand In a nice attempt to understand this thorny issue with a discussion of different opinions in an easy and enjoyable manner for the reader and researcher, this and others is what Muhammad Faqhi discussed in this message.
Key words: clarification, the sake creation, Muhammad Faqi

The current research aims to know the level of students of the English Language Department at the College of Basic Education / University of Diyala in General Arabic Language, and to achieve the goal of the research, the researcher put the following two questions to answer them through the results of the research.
1- What is the level of achievement of students of the English Language Department at the College of Basic Education / University of Diyala in General Arabic Language?
2- Are there statistically significant differences in the achievement of the general Arabic language subject for students of the English Department towards the gender variable?
The research sample reached (80) male and female students in the third grade in the Department of English Language / College of Basic Education / University of Diyala, by (34) male and (46) female students.
The researcher prepared an achievement test consisting of (70) paragraphs of the multiple choice type, filling in the blanks, correctness and error, and after extracting his apparent validity, it was applied to an exploratory sample to measure the level of difficulty, the distinctive strength of the paragraph, and the effectiveness of alternatives, then find its consistency, and then The final form of the test was applied to the research sample, and after treating it by statistical means using the (test-te) test, the following results were revealed:
1- The poor level of achievement of students of the English Language Department in General Arabic Language.
2- There is no difference in the different levels of students between male and female students of the research sample at a significance level of 0.05)
3- There is a difference in the average level between male and female students of the research sample at an significance level (0.05) in favor of the female students.

Music is the common language between peoples, as it is considered to be the expressive creative item which reflects the consciousness and culture of peoples expressing its senses and feelings specialized in its distinctive vision , intellectual and aesthetic philosophy through the melody which is composed by meanings and music indications represented by the cinematography speech and lots of artistic works and specialization studies used to create technical and intellectual tools in diverse areas of knowledge and creativity in this field which is one of the art fields that was able to hollow in it and follow its technical and intellectual tools in order to create achievements through this speech, in the forefront comes the elements of cinematic language, which is characterized by having multiple features just in the indicated and aesthetic access to the spectator, then graphical tool gives a technical article that deals with dimensions of intellectual and aesthetic multiple aspects. “The artistic expression can only be achieved through a substance to be turned into that stimulus or sensory stimulus, it is equal to be the word or sound or movement or stones ... etc. But the raw material does not acquire a technical dye to become a Elastagih material, only after the artist's hand has extended to it and created a sense of beauty" (Lisa، 1997,P46) including the use of music in accordance with the directorial processing to indicate the time and place.

The research seeks to study the thresholds of writing, and to determine the number of supported suffixes for the narrative text, as they are parallel texts. Textual thresholds are considered a new and modern field of study, due to their effectiveness and value in highlighting the aesthetics of the literary text and studying everything that surrounds it from the inside and outside. Text. In recent times narrative studies have witnessed a great interest in textual thresholds, as they represent the physical and semantic framework that connects the reader with the text.
Textual thresholds are the first visible meeting between the writer and the recipient, forming a general idea of what is going on inside the text. Thresholds can be viewed from an aesthetic and influential perspective as an integral part of the creative value of a literary text.

The research aims to identify (the effectiveness of the INTUSTEL model in developing the reading skills of middle school students in the reading subject). To achieve the goal of the research, the researcher developed the following null hypotheses:
1- The first null hypothesis: There is no statistically significant difference at the level of (0.05) between the average scores of the experimental group students who study the reading subject according to the INTUSTEL model and the average scores of the control group who study the reading subject according to the usual method in the dimensional reading skills development test.
2. The second null hypothesis: There is no statistically significant difference at the level of (0.05) between the average scores of the experimental group students in the pre and post reading skills development tests.
The research sample amounted to (60) female students from the fourth grade literary in Al-Firdous Secondary School of Baghdad Governorate / General Directorate of Rusafa Second Education. The sample was divided randomly into two groups of 30 students per group, so the experimental group that studied the educational program based on the INTUSTEL model and the control group Which you studied in the usual way. The researcher rewarded the two groups in the variables of chronological age, parents ’academic achievement, students’ grades for the previous academic year, and the language ability test. And a test of tribal language communication skills. After determining the scientific material contained in the reading book, the researcher formulated (72) behavioral goals and prepared two model plans, the first according to the INTUSTEL model and the second in the usual way.
According to the teaching plans prepared in advance for this purpose, and the experiment continued until 1/15/2019, and at the end of the experiment, a post-test in developing reading skills and language communication skills was applied (with 30 items distributed over the six levels of Bloom's classification of the multiple choice type, complementary, right and wrong, and an essay question with an answer Short. He was characterized by honesty and consistency, and after applying the test to the students of the two groups of research and analyzing the results and treating them statistically, the results showed the superiority of the experimental group that was studied according to the INTUSTEL model over the control group that studied in the usual way due to the effectiveness of this model in teaching reading material. In light of the findings of the researcher's mechanism, it recommended the necessity of adopting educational programs as an effective method for teaching reading material. To complete this research, the researcher suggested conducting a study similar to the current study that deals with other study stages

The research deals with the concept of the photomontage method, which expanded its assignments to achieve a technical television structures that depend completely on the digital photo and the process of editing it within digital systems "Computers", which is the basis for its birth, manufacture and correction, for this reason, the digital image has a unique technical specificity in manipulating its capabilities in terms of the possibility of change In all, its facilities and components as an image, formerly shifting it as raw material for the equivalent of the shot to the TV movie building to contribute via photomontage in creating a narrative style different from what is traditional in making reports and short TV stories.
This method has become widely spread in social media platforms and satellite channels to represent a modernist artistic form that can carry the intellectual and ideological implications of mobilization that need to be communicated creatively and presented to the recipient.
The structure of this televised achievement is based on the short display time, in which the photomontage style plays, as it has a technique in playing a major role in summarizing the required ideas. Contained by those short periods and under the umbrella of dazzling, excitement and intensification. The goals are drawn according to the message carried by the televised accomplishment.
Finally, the role of photomontage in giving the synthesis greatest diversity in style of transitions amongst images, which may dominate the side of expression, which can also be shipped to you in terms of meanings and inspirations after having removed the accomplished organic character homogeneous.

Poetic prophecy in Hazim Altimimi,smasihalmaa and Mohammad Abdalbari’s malam takulhu Zarkaa al yamama. poetic prophecy represents the main pole of two poems matter which makes the study investigate the dimemsion of the tow experiments through studying the difference in producig prophecy in both poems.prophecyilmassihalmoa is characterized by its individuality which depends on the repition of( yawman) which opens the stanzas which produce his prophecies which, in theierole,cooperate to from the main propecy which is built on tow poetic scenes. Though in Abduibarri"s poem, prophecy is also characterized by individuality, yet it has it,s own social invstigation which iscarried out through accompany of s and verb . the poet introduces his prophecy through three scenes. The first is prediction of future, the second is theoccurence of it and the third is the solutions for future

My research entitled ((Adulteration in Examples from the Poetry of the Generators)) explores the aesthetic and creative aspects in the poetry of the born poet, whose poetry included shifting images, which went out of the ordinary and decisive in expressing the meaning, a departure that calls for an examination of artistic aspects through analysis and extrapolation, and perhaps we mean by ( The juxtaposition) that the adjacent relationship based on the mechanism of metaphorical imaging in poetry was closely related to a departure from the apparent requirement, so the relationship was based on a high artistic according to the born poet and the image of hidden metonymy, and its generation in an amazing semantic way, leaving its deepest impact on the recipient's self and his inner feeling .
And Allah is the Grantor of success.

Grammarians and linguists are accustomed to releasing judgments and comments that are rich in their books and studies , and the purpose of that is evaluation to reach the correct opinion , through discussion , weighting , objection and response in many cases , and the difference of views is an important factor in Enriching thought , linguistics and grammar , and at the same time revealing the beauty of language and the accuracy of its details .
According to Imam Alusi , the response is one of the means by which he rejects many of the opinions that scholars have reported , whether the response is related to structure or vocabulary , depending in those responses on his culture , informing him and continuing his readings .
And Surat Al-Imran was subject to study because it included a number opinions that Al-Alusi responded , and the responses were regular according to the verses in the Holy Surah .

Kissing is important at every stage of a person’s development, as it expresses the love and passion that a person feels towards others, and man always seeks in various ways to express his love by kissing, and man may be the only creature who kisses and uses his lips to express his love and passion.
And kissing is of different types: it includes the kiss of love that relatives share among each other, and it includes the kiss of trust and its goal is to promote love among friends, and there is the kiss of the mother for her children, which is warm and full of affection, the kiss of respect which is for parents and the elderly, the kiss of sanctification is like kissing the Holy Qur’an, and the kiss of blessing is like kissing bread, and the kiss Love, which adds elegance between the two lovers.
Despite the many benefits of kissing, it is sometimes a vector for diseases, even if some of it is not dangerous, such as influenza, but some diseases are dangerous, such as skin diseases and the emerging corona disease.
That is why I characterized my research as (Rulings on kissing in Islamic law, a comparative study) to explain what is permissible and forbidden, and it was based on three topics: The first topic: the legitimate kissing and it has two requirements:
The first requirement: kissing the Black Stone, and the second requirement: Kissing the Yemeni Corner.
The second topic: Kissing is permissible and contains five demands:
The first requirement: the ruling on kissing the dead, the second requirement: the ruling on kissing the Qur’an, and the third requirement: the ruling on kissing bread, food, and money, the fourth requirement: the ruling on kissing cash, and the fifth requirement: the ruling on kissing the hand
The third topic: kissing is forbidden and contains five demands:
The first requirement: the ruling on kissing a non-mahram woman, and the second requirement: the ruling on kissing the woman's mouth, and the third requirement: the ruling on kissing the man’s mouth, the man’s mouth, the woman’s mouth, and the fourth requirement: the ruling on kissing his wife, and the fifth requirement: the ruling on kissing the fasting person.
The conclusion was the most important results that came out of the research.

This study aims to analyze urban hegemony in the urban system network in Anbar Governorate as it represents one of the main problems that most urban systems suffer in third world countries. Population size has been adopted as an indicator to measure dominance despite the drawback of it being the absence of other important aspects of measurement Economic, social, political, etc., may be vocabulary that causes hegemony and population concentration in a city and not others, however most studies related to this topic are based on the size index. Here in this study, the Rank-Size Rule, the Mehta Index, the Dominance Index, or the Four Cities Index, in addition to the Dominance Ratio Index or the Two-City Index, were approved.

This study is considered one of the Interdisciplinary studies , as it aims to examine the relationship of morphology science with the Arabic lexicon .Morphology science and lexicon are branches of Arabic linguistics that participate in the study of vocabularies . The research proceeded from the following hypothesis : it is assumed that there is a common thing between the morphology and lexicon, while there are limits to distinguishing each science from other, as there are functions that assigned to the lexical alone but not to the morphological and vice versa.
The research has been divided into three sections:
The first one : morphology and lexicon: differentiation and limits
The second one : morphology and lexicon: overlapping and its causes.
The third one: morphology and lexicon between Affect and effect
The researcher used several methods to study the relationship between the two sciences. The descriptive analytical approach will be used by the researcher to define the concept of each science, and he will monitor the overlap and influence between them by the balanced ”comparative” approach.And he reached several results, the most important of which are:- There are differences between the morphology and the lexicon. The morphology is concerned with the common of the Arab’s words, and it monitors the changes that occur to the forms of the word, while the lexicon is concerned with The collect and explain meanings of vocabularies.and it concerned with the uncommon linguistic phenomenon.
The overlapping between the two branches are due to: the similarities between the two branches, the benefit to the reader, the clarify of changes that happened in the word, the clarify of what cannot be adjusted, and the concept of the lexicon for the modern researchers.
The research monitored some aspects of the influence between the two branches as follows:The impact of the morphology in the lexicon , whether in the arrangement, or in the lexical text, relying on it in the meanings of the vocabularies , knowing the origin of the word, and define the changes that happened to the word.The lexicon also influenced the morphology by relying on it in counting some linguistic phenomena and vocabularies to make it a standard.

Today, in light of the Corona pandemic, many changes and transformations have occurred. Many matters of our lives have stopped, some of which are fateful and important, such as education and work, and some of them are less important, such as social relations between people. Universities, many countries have been forced to switch to e-learning, as an alternative that has been long talked about and the debate about the need to integrate it into the educational process, so between an instant, students found themselves in most countries of the world forced to learn at home using modern technology.
After educational institutions viewed e-learning as a kind of auxiliary factors in education to increase educational options for those who wish to provide education or training, the term e-learning has spread, so there are those who have known and dealt with it previously, and there are those who have not dealt with e-learning before. In light of the crisis caused by the Corona pandemic in the field of education, this method came to solve the educational crisis caused by the Corona pandemic, as curfews were imposed, schools and universities were closed, and everyone committed to their homes, so students of all levels were cut off from education, from here today e-learning has become a necessity and a means to empower hundreds of millions of students From learning after losing the opportunity to go to educational institutions due to the Corona pandemic, which was a surprise to the whole world

The current research aims to identify the extent of the application of school social service specialization in Iraqi schools from the viewpoint of professors of sociology and education, as well as to identify the role played by school social service from services through the school social specialist in light of the conditions experienced by Iraqi society, it has The researcher built a questionnaire consisting of (35) paragraphs after he presented an exploratory study to the teachers of sociology and education by taking their opinion on the implementation of school social service tasks in Iraqi schools, as explained in Appendix No. (1). Using the weighted weight law to obtain the calculated value for each paragraph, the research sample consisted of (100) researchers from sociology and education professors, using a group of previous studies close to the current research, and he reached the following results: -
1. There are some paragraphs that got high calculated value for the purpose of achieving the following:
A- The necessity of having opportunities to appoint graduates of the Department of Sociology as an academic body that supports the educational body and school administrations in the success of the educational process to build a prosperous future for students.
B- The presence of school social service in the school to address the problems that hinder students and the school in achieving the educational process.
C- The role of social service in immunizing students from all problematic situations, whether educational, social, family, cultural and helping him to understand his role in the school as well as considering it the assistant hand to the school administration in making decisions.
2. The existence of school social service means the existence of educational, social and cultural programs for students. This is what some paragraphs emphasized, as well as caring for students with special needs and the families of martyrs and the poor as they are social classes that need direct assistance by strengthening self-confidence and thinking about the future.
The researcher has developed a set of recommendations and proposals:
1. Recommendations: -
- The need for officials in the Ministry of Education to accept the idea of a school social service in Iraqi schools.
- Issue a law for the purpose of making graduates of students of sociology and social work whose appointment is centralized.
The presence of school social service in Iraqi schools, as in developed countries.
- The role of the media in instilling value and the role of school social service in schools in society.
2. Proposals.
Carrying out a similar study dealing with the role of school social service in vocational schools. To conduct a similar study dealing with a comparative study between the presence of the school social worker in Iraqi and Arab schools.

The research aims to identify the extent of the graduate students' awareness of the importance of using the bibliography in preparing their university theses and the ability of the graduate students to employ the use of the bibliography in their university theses. A sample of his graduate studies request (higher diploma, master's and doctorate at the writing stage) for the year 2017-2018 of 101 students and with a percentage of 96% were applied to them
1-Most of the obstacles and difficulties faced by researchers from postgraduate students are due to their lack of awareness and understanding of the bibliography and its importance in determining the problem and title of the student's research.
2-The repeated selection of research studied by other researchers by graduate students and the consequent delay in completing the student to prepare a research during the specified period for him arises from the failure of the graduate student to make optimal use of the bibliography.

The study aimed to develop a proposal for building an educational unit of digital citizenship in computer and information technology course for high school students (the joint program) in light of John Kerr's model. To achieve this goal, the study followed the descriptive and analytical approach. The designed tool for the study a form that shows the axes between the learning experiences of digital citizenship, required for secondary school students. Its apparent validity was verified, and from which the axes of learning experiences needed to be provided to students of secondary education (the joint program) of digital citizenship were presented. One of the most important results of the study was that it presented the proposed vision of initiating the "digital citizenship" unit in computer and information technology course for high school students (the joint program) in light of John Kerr's model. The study urged casting more concentration on the topic of digital citizenship. In addition, the study urged adopting the approaches of digital citizenship that utilize John Kerr's model.

The research specialized in studding and analyzing negative and positive deviations in the rates of temperature and rain in the monthly and annual levels depending on series of climatic data recorded in the stations of AL- Qaim an AL- Ramadi for the period from 1989 – 2014, To achieve this goal the research relied on the analytical method in achieving at proofs that validate of its hypotheses . and using statistical treatments and climate data series for the total duration in both stations which was divided into five periods of time approved by the study and selection of the recorded research results a positive trend towards the continuous gradual rise ove the duration of the study , The general average temperature levels in the AL- Ramadi and AL Qaim station recorded a positive deviation during the whole period 1989 – 2014 reach 2-1-1 Celsius for both 0f them as for the rates in the two Al Ramadi station recorded a negative deviation between the base year 1989-1993 and average rate for the last period of 2009-2014 by (11.6 mm) while AL- Qaim station receded during the same period a positive deviation reach ( 3-4 mm)

This research attempts to study one of the origins of Arabic grammar in an analytical study, which is the study of measurement, as it tries to uncover the disorder of the grammarians in referring to this origin after defining it in language and convention, and showing the confusion and disparity that the grammarians have in the analogy on the different origin, and the multiplicity of the standard on it. The measure is the same, and the grammarians are confused in determining the origin between the measured and the measurer, and the relationship between them and other types of measurement and its branches, which have caused confusion and disturbance, as well as the representation of the grammatical issues related to each topic in it, and the issues, evidence and evidence mentioned in the research are sufficient to certify the occurrence of the disturbance in the measurement For grammarians, it becomes clear that this section of grammatical principles needs to be reviewed and further researched and contemplated

Services are one of the most important topics related to human life and its development. So, it represents the basic indicator on the progress of life in countries, as it is a measure of administration of state. Services are a system that works in an integrated way that cannot neglect any of them when planning and working to meet the needs of human being and meet his needs according to reality. The study was set to treat the problem of the shortage in basic services and the misallocation between the neighborhoods of Tikrit city. It focused on the study of the geographical distribution of institutions and working staff in these services, and evaluate them in accordance with the standards and indicators adopted in this regard. The study reached a number of results, the most important of which is that the basic services in the city are distributed in an unbalanced way to the neighborhoods of the city and for several reasons, including which is related to virtual age of each residential neighborhood, its size, and location from city center, as well as, reasons related to the administration that lacks the ingredients for success in the process of providing basic services fairly to the residents of the city.

This study sought to focus on the ability of government health systems in the study area on providing high quality services, and to evaluate these services through the visit of the population.
The study revealed that the average per visit of an individual to health institutions decreased between 2007-2017, and in 2007 the average per person visits to health institutions in the study area (2.4) decreased in 2017 to (2.1) visits per person population. This decrease may be due to improved health conditions in the study area, which has reduced many diseases. Also, the visit of person has varied between the Governments in area of study. In 2007, Governorate of Muthanna had the highest visit rate of (3.2), and Governorate of Diwaniyah recorded the lowest visit rate of (1.7) per person population. In 2017, Governorate of Karbala had the highest visit rate of (2.7) per person, and Governorate of Diwaniyah also did not change its rank with the lowest visit rate of (1.5) per person. Therefore, the study suggests the need to provide human resources and medical devices that help in accurate diagnosis of diseases, which reflects positively on the efficiency and speed of treatment that contributes to restoring the population's confidence in government health institutions.

The population attraction that Tikrit city is characterized with as being the center of the Governorate of Salah Al-Din, which includes official institutions and important departments as well as educational institutions, has increased the rate of urbanization affecting the quality of life of its population.
The research relied on objective indicators (social, economic, and service) to measure the quality of life of the city's population at the level of its neighborhoods, and used the descriptive method as well as spatial analysis to show the extent to which each of these indicators contribute to the qualitative level of the life of the population. The research found that there is a clear variation in the quality of life of the population among the city's 16 neighborhoods, while assessing the most important aspects that played a role in this disparity.
The research found that the quality of life of the population in the whole city reached (57.7), which is a good level of quality of life for the population, and this is due to the variation in the rate of social, economic and service indicators, the service scale recorded the highest rate of (73,4) and this measure had the greatest impact on the high quality of life in general throughout the city and among its neighborhoods.

This research examines the Quranic witness in the book Explaining the Seven pendants of Al-Zawzani because the Quranic witness represents a pinnacle in performance in terms of statement, rhetoric, miracle, and mastery in the word and meaning, to which the human performance in which deficiency, disturbance, forgetfulness and devotion is not elevated to the necessities required by the rhyme and weight, is reliable in its health and there is no doubt in it weakness.
The book Explanation of the Seven pendants of Al-Zawzani includes many Quranic evidences, which were distributed at all vocal, grammatical and semantic levels.

After the Islamic countries, including the Levant and Egypt from the fourth century until the tenth century of immigration, witnessed major political unrest, they led to the entry of these countries under the rule of several large and small countries, such as the Fatimid state, the Ayyubids, and the Mamluks, which affected the life of the Islamic community, and who had to stand firm in front of all the challenges imposed on them by the conditions of political turmoil at the time, and among the society of the Levant and Egypt they appeared The Alawites Gentlefolks, the descendants of the two Imam Hassan and Hussein, peace be upon them, the sons of Imam Ali bin Abi Talib, peace be upon him, from his wife Fatima Al-Zahra, peace be upon him, the daughter of the great Prophet Muhammad, peace be upon him, as a fundamental part of society, raising the banner of challenge, their goal is reform and advancement of the reality of the Islamic nation, so they made great contributions towards serving public life in its various social, administrative, and economic aspects, to leave behind them the luminous fingerprints in the history of Islamic civilization, which have immortalized their names to this day, and we quote lessons from them in challenging and contributing to the service of our Islamic society.

The current research aims at "the importance of linguistic vocabulary and its role in learning."
The researcher followed the descriptive method of research in preparing a questionnaire in which the teaching practices of the teacher and the students are determined when teaching them the vocabulary, and then presented to a committee of experts and arbitrators.
The results of the research were treated statistically by using the weighted mean, the percentage weight, and the Pearson correlation coefficient, to analyze the results of the research, and the researcher used the percentage as a calculation method.
In light of the results, the researcher concluded:
1- The linguistic vocabulary has a positive effect on the expressive performance of first-average students.
2- The linguistic vocabulary helps to enrich the students with vocabulary, vocabulary and structures.
3- Linguistic vocabulary increases the effectiveness of the lesson.
4- The linguistic vocabulary gives a higher ability to expressive performance.
5- The linguistic vocabulary contributes to increasing the linguistic wealth of female students.
To complete this study, the researcher suggested conducting a number of studies, including:
1- Conducting an experimental study based on employing vocabulary in expressive performance on first-grade female students.
2- Conducting a similar study. Building an educational program based on employing linguistic vocabulary in expressive performance, and in other dependent variables.
3- Conducting an experimental study of the effectiveness of an educational program based on employing vocabulary in expressive performance to know the effect of the gender variable.
4- Conducting a balance study between the linguistic vocabulary program with another teaching program to know its preference for expressive performance.

Parallelisms is one of the critical approaches that reveals the critic's faculty and his ability to analyze and judge, and it is one of the types of analytical criticism that relies on the deduction and coexistence of the word, as it is an activation of the literary criticism movement.
The parallelisms differed in the ancient Arab criticism, not all of them were subject to the same criteria, and perhaps the criteria differed due to the different sexes of the parallelized such as poetry and prose, and this is why the diversity of literary parallelisms in the book of the mayor in the merits of poetry and literature and his criticism Ibn Rashiq al-Qayrawani( 542 H), who stands in the ranks of important literary books , he is the an encyclopedia author that includes a lot of the arts of literature and critical, rhetorical and occasional issues, the literary parallelisms of its various types was a share of this at night through which the painting hour was Ibn Rashiq and his culture and it grew from taste and critical style.
So the research came with an introduction and two sections dealt in the first with poetic gustatory parallelisms that were not based on a clear methodology, and the other included the technical parallelisms that mean the specific parallelism in its subject matter and its evidences, such as the trade-off between poetry and prose, pronunciation and meaning, imprinting and making, poetry and rhetoric, ancient and modern, and then a conclusion and a list of sources and references.

The history of the messengers and kings or the history of nations and kings known as (the history of al-Tabari), which is a book in history written by Muhammad bin Jarir al-Tabari who died in the year (310 AH / 922 AD), and he dated it from the beginning of creation until the end of the year (302 AH / 914 AD) and was said in the year( 309 AH / 921 AD).)
Al-Tabari relied on writing historical events on the yearbook system (the years), although the book is political, but it included civilizational aspects, especially the administrative subject of this study.
The research section was divided into a preamble. The first topic included the fees of the Caliphate House. As for the second topic, it includes the powers of the caliph. The conclusion was a summary of the most important findings of the research.

The artistic depiction of the Holy Qur’an has always interested the articulate speakers and had a great impact on its listeners. Despite the fact the Holy Quran is composed of the very same words of such speakers and listeners, they get astonished by the choice of words and their occurrence in such precise positions ,as well as their consistency with the messages they intend to convey. These characteristics of the Quranic language have enlivened its verses and words.
Additionally, the breathtaking style of the Holy Quran motivates us to reflect on the way it approaches “sleep” and its glossary to represent it so eloquently and precisely though they may confuse those who are not familiar with the nature of Arabic styles and artistic expressions. We have noticed, through this study, that the Holy Quran has selected terms that indicate “sleep” taking into consideration all the cognitive and connotative meanings of each term in a way that fits the topic it approaches.
All this has tempted us to investigate this topic aiming to explore the areas of inimitability of the scopes of “sleep” glossary and the inimitable choice of words in various contexts even if synonyms used interchangeably like “siesta” and “sleep”.
The study has concluded that semantic purposes have a noticeable effect on the context and that Quranic terms are associated with the occasions they represent in a way that creates a psychological inspiration and expansion in the terms’ particular connotations, but all lost if replaced by other terms in those contexts.

The artistic depiction of the Holy Qur’an has always interested the articulate speakers and had a great impact on its listeners. Despite the fact the Holy Quran is composed of the very same words of such speakers and listeners, they get astonished by the choice of words and their occurrence in such precise positions ,as well as their consistency with the messages they intend to convey. These characteristics of the Quranic language have enlivened its verses and words.
Additionally, the breathtaking style of the Holy Quran motivates us to reflect on the way it approaches “sleep” and its glossary to represent it so eloquently and precisely though they may confuse those who are not familiar with the nature of Arabic styles and artistic expressions. We have noticed, through this study, that the Holy Quran has selected terms that indicate “sleep” taking into consideration all the cognitive and connotative meanings of each term in a way that fits the topic it approaches.
All this has tempted us to investigate this topic aiming to explore the areas of inimitability of the scopes of “sleep” glossary and the inimitable choice of words in various contexts even if synonyms used interchangeably like “siesta” and “sleep”.
The study has concluded that semantic purposes have a noticeable effect on the context and that Quranic terms are associated with the occasions they represent in a way that creates a psychological inspiration and expansion in the terms’ particular connotations, but all lost if replaced by other terms in those contexts.

The geography of the Kurdistan Region of Iraq is one of the most promising hydrocarbon regions in the world, because it possesses huge reserves of oil and gas resources. Foreign. That may make the Kurdistan Region an important market for energy resources.
However, there are some geopolitical challenges facing the energy sector in the Kurdistan Region, which may affect the future of this industry, including the lack of a common policy between the regional government and the central government in Baghdad regarding the management of oil and natural gas resources, and the regional government's policy towards Turkey and Iran. The study also dealt with the political calculations of regional actors, and the strategic interests of the major powers in the energy industry in the Kurdistan Region.

The geography of the Kurdistan Region of Iraq is one of the most promising hydrocarbon regions in the world, because it possesses huge reserves of oil and gas resources. Foreign. That may make the Kurdistan Region an important market for energy resources.
However, there are some geopolitical challenges facing the energy sector in the Kurdistan Region, which may affect the future of this industry, including the lack of a common policy between the regional government and the central government in Baghdad regarding the management of oil and natural gas resources, and the regional government's policy towards Turkey and Iran. The study also dealt with the political calculations of regional actors, and the strategic interests of the major powers in the energy industry in the Kurdistan Region.

The current study aims at studying the characteristics of using color in the drawings of autistic children by analyzing the projected drawings that they make.To achieve the aim of the research, the researcher designed a tool for analyzing children's drawings, which consisted of (6) main areas and (20) sub-fields.
The research sample consisted of (50) (boys and girls)from autistic children who regularly attend (Rami and Al-Rahman Specialized Institutes) for the care of people with autism disorder, affiliated to the Ministry of Labor and Social Affairs in Baghdad Governorate and for ages between (7-11) years.
In light of the results of the research, a number of conclusions were reached, the most important of which are:
1- The sample (children with autism) prefer green, red and blue and do not prefer using black, and they use one or two colors in the composition of their drawings, as well as overlook the outlines when coloring and use colors in a self-directed and far from reality. In light of the foregoing, the researcher recommended the importance of studying art education in creating psychological balance for these children.