ADAB AL-BASRAH

This research focuses on Al-Khalil's sayings and opinions in Sibawayh's Book that is rich in the sayings of the previous scholars and their opinions. The grammatical corpus knowledge of grammar had accumulated and been improving by these scholars. Sibawayh compiled these issues and presented them as if they were totally his own.
Most of his writing in his book was from his teacher 'Al-Khalil'. Al-Khalil's sayings and opinions are the focus of the book. This is clear in the sayings of Sibawayh about Al-Khalil scattered in his book. Sometimes the name of Al-Khalil is mentioned and sometimes it is not. The sayings of Al-Khalil are repeatedly cited, so the reader may have confusion to recognize the speech of Sibawayh and the citations from al-Khalil.
The researcher worked on three hundred issues of Al-Khalil in Sibawayh's Book, but in this paper only ninety three issues are explained and the other issues will be discussed in future papers by the researcher. This research focused on Al-Khalil's issues mentioned in the book with giving some explanation and discussion after and before each issue. The research aims to establish that the linguist Imam Al-Khalil bin Ahmed Faraaheedi is the main teacher of the founder of Basra Grammatical School, and to clarify that Al-Khalil is the basis of the founders of Grammar Kufi Method and he is the basis of a good deal of grammatical terminology.

The Study attempts a Critical Discourse Analysis ( CDA) of gender in some selected advertisements . It is hypothesized that men and women are differently introduced in these advertisements and women are used as sex objects for the persuasive purpose of attracting the targeted audience . In the theoretical side of the study , there is a discussion of the definition and functions of CDA , advertising , and the kind of discourse employed in advertising in addition to highlighting gender role and stereotyping in advertising . Findings of the analysis verify the hypothesis of the study to a large extent . The main conclusion is that advertising discourse is not neutral , and on the contrary , it is very largely biased to the superiority of the role of men in society . Women are objectified for sex appeal and the sex address in the advertisements is direct and open .

The type of sound in the oral cavity and its characteristics are determined by the way of air that passes through the oral cavity. When the air passes smoothly through the throat and mouth, that might cause an audible friction. This group of sounds is called long vowels which Al Dani called the long and soft sounds which are (o, y, and a). Vowels are characterized by their audio clarity. This phenomenon is most obvious the soft sounds than narrow that is the fatha haraka is clearer than the kasrah and dammah.

The study deals with tracing the bohemian phenomenon in modern Iraqi poetry, with reference to the followers and the historical roots of transformation that this phenomenon had witnessed, starting with pre-Islamic literature up to contemporary literature, through the Islamic literature, the Amway and Abbacy literatures. There is reference to the role of the poets of this phenomenon in the modern Iraqi poetry before bohemian lifestyle and the rejection and rebellion against all the prevailing social traditions and political systems and the immature poetic movement, according to the impression, and the adoption of modernity and beyond, as well as their attempts to rebel against the artistic and objective construction of the Arabic poem.

The paper aims to shed light on the interpretations of the prophet’s companion, Salman Al-Muhamadi, of the Holy Quran. It argues that these interpretations reveal his prestigious status to the Prophet Muhammad (Peace be upon him) and his household (Ahlulbayt). This statu is shown by the unmediated access he Salman had enjoyed to the prophet, evidenced as it was by narrating his interpretations directly from the speech of the prophet and his household. This also indicates his special status among the Prophet’s companions.

This research highlighted two types of intellectual heritage of Imam Al-Kadhim (peace be upon him): his prayers and his interpretation of the Holy Quran. The paper prefaces the meaning of du'aa and its role du'aa in the education of man and then followed by talk about supplication in the heritage of Imam. It also deals with the Holy Quran in the thought of Imam Khatma in light of his interpretations, which turned out to be mostly mystical interpretation.

The objective of this paper is to explore the quranic words that are almost no longer used by educated people such as Arabic teachers, university professors or even by intellectual people, but are still very common in everyday use among the laymen in the southern gilit dialect area such as farmers, herdsmen, retail dealer etc. Based on a fieldwork, I have collected these quranic words that are currently used by laymen there. Then, I have written the verses in which these words occur, I have finally gave examples from Iraqi Arabic for each word.

The research deals with ‘seeing’ expressions in the Holy Quran, highlighting the semantic changes that occur due to the contextual diversity in which it appears, and we have shown several meanings according to its resources as well as its centrality in many Qur'anic contexts, especially in the stories of the Prophets; so, the paper argues that it is a key word in the Quranic meanings.

Ka'ab Al-Ahbar is considered one of the most prominent Jew clerics who converted to Islam after the death of the Prophet (Peace be upon him) - in the succession time of Caliph Omar ibn al-Khattab. After the announcement of his conversion to Islam, he was able to enjoy a privileged position to Caliph Omar, Caliph Uthman, and then Muawiya ibn Abi Sufyan that made him closer when he traveled to the Levant one year before the death of Caliph Uthman. He obtained a favored position and high prestige level, which were based mainly on scientific stature in the Jewish religion. Because of that he, was able to spread lots of Israeli beliefs and myths among Muslims, taking advantage of the power and authority, beside the ignorance of Arabs and Muslims in the Hebrew language and their longing to know the knowledge of peoples of the Book. He cited many stories of Israeli nature that significantly contradict reason and logic as well as historical fact.

This paper deals with an interesting incident and its impact on the scientific life there،, as it formed a large shift in the study of ‘Hadith’ and adjacent disciplines. The study also sheds light on the nature of some relationships known in scientific circles among a group of scholars who represented the scientific and religious elites in the country. It also shows an aspect of the relationship between the ruler and the jurist. The paper also argues that at the end balance was restored and both parties maintained moderation to keep order and stability.

The study aims at clarifying the role of integrated environmental management in the conservation or rescue of the remaining areas of the southern Iraq marshes, which represent the natural and economic area of the people of the governorates of Missan -ThiQar – Basrah, as well as the preservation of its ecosystem, under exceptional circumstances (natural and human) which menaced the water areas of the Marshlands and biodiversity.
The study was based on a review and re-evaluation of applied surveys and scientific studies of local and global consultancy conducted during different periods, with an emphasis on studies that followed the rehabilitation. Emphasis was placed on highlighting the environmental impacts that have occurred to areas of the marshes and its extensions.

Fertility is very important, for it directly affects population growth. On the one hand, its rise and the death stability increase the population development. On the other hand, its decrease leads to negative development. Fertility is determined by different factors, be they economical, social, cultural and political.
The research tackles the fertility levels In Al-Nasiryah City, based on average numbers of the births and the main economical, social and cultural factors that affect the women fertility. The research main results are: there is inverse proportion between the education and the mother average numbers of the births, the births number for the illiterate and educated mother are (6.8, 7.2), respectively. The number of births decreases with the rise of the mother education levels. The number of the births of mother of bachelor degree holder and postgraduate degree are (3, 2.1) births, respectively. There is inverse proportion between the number of the births and work index: it is (4, 3) births for employed mother, and (5,8) for the unemployed mother. The rural area of Al-Nasiryah city is characterized by early marriage, where the percentage of married woman under 20 was (%68) in the rural area, while it was (%8.2) in urban areas.

The present study attempts to shed a light on the place of the metaphysics of ethics in Kant's metaphysics and its importance in his philosophy.
In order to reveal this point we will provid a brief summary of some metaphysical attitudes through the history of western philosophy, and then we will classify his metaphysical attitudes of the question which was given very high place in his philosophy.