Ibn Al-Haitham Journal For Pure and Applied Sciences

1

Comparative Anatomical and Histological Study of the Stomach in Two Iraqi Birds (Columba palumbus and Tyto alba)

Rasha W. Al-Juboor, Hussain A.M. Dauod, Ali S. Al-arajy

Pages: 1-12 English

Abstract

The present study aimed to investigate the anatomical and histological, aspects of the
stomach in two different Iraqi birds, (common wood pigeon, Columba palumbus
(herbivorous) and the barn owl, Tyto alba (carnivorous). Stomach in the two studied birds IS
divided into two parts, glandular or true stomach (proventriculus) and the muscular stomach
or gizzard (ventriculus). Proventriculus in the common wood pigeon appeared as fusiform
shaped tube and separated from the gizzard by isthmus while in the barn owl, it was pearsshaped , wider and shorter than that of the common wood pigeon and not separated from the
gizzard by isthmus. In common wood pigeon, gizzard appeared as biconvex lens lining with
yellowish green tissue, the koilin , while in the barn owl, gizzard was pear shape and the
koilin was very thin. Mucosa of proventriculus in the two studied birds was rich with simple
tubuler glands, the superficial gastric glands which were longer and wider in the barn owl
than of those in common wood pigeon and the sub mucosa was rich with compound branched
alveolar glands, the deep gastric glands which were longer and wider in the barn owl than
those of common wood pigeon. Muscularis externa and serosa in the common wood pigeon
were thicker than in the barn owl. Mucosa in the gizzard of the barn owl filled with more
gastric pits than the common wood pigeon and the koilin in common wood pigeon was
thicker.

Keywords

anatomy birds. histology

2

The Synergistic Effect of Zinc, Coumestrol, Genestein and Daidzein on Proinflammatory Cytokines Production and Receptor Activator of NFκB Ligand Expression that Implicates in Bone Resorption

Sahar S. Karieb

Pages: 13-22 English

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Abstract

Several observations have showed the synergistic effect of nutrients elements and
phytoestrogens on bone resorption elimination. Zn is one of the trace elements found to
increase the stimulatory effect of phytoestrogens including genestein, coumestrol and daidzein
on bone formation; however the synergistic modulation of Zn, genestein, coumestrol and
daidzein on proinflammatory-producing T-cells and receptor activator of NFκB ligand
(RANKL) expression that implicated in osteoclast formation is still open area to debate. This
study found that Zn enhanced the inhibitory effect of genistein, daidzein and coumestrol on
TNF-α expression; however the same effect was shown with daidzein on IL-1β expression
while there is no further effect found with other compounds. Zn is only in combination with
genistein decreaseIL-6 expression; moreover Zn had additional effect on the inhibitory effect
of all test phytoestrogens on RANKL expression in dose-dependent manner. In conclusion,
Zn alone or in combination with phytoestrogens has an inhibitory effect on the expression of
pro-inflammatory cytokines and RANKL that play an important role in the promotion of bone
resorption.

Keywords

Phytoestrogens Pro-inflammatory cytokines T cells Zinc

3

The Role of Some Cytokines and Trace Elements in Pregnant Women with Acute Toxoplasmosis

Waheeda R. Ali

Pages: 23-30 English

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Abstract

The present study was conducted on sixty five pregnant women that infected with acute
toxoplasmosis, serum samples were tested for detection specific anti-Toxoplasma gondii IgM
using the rapid Toxo IgG/IgM Chromatographic immune assay test cassette and ELISA, and
fifty healthy married women (not pregnant) as was considered as control group.
The level of serum IL-6, IL-8, IL-12, TNF-α, TGF-β1, IP-10, MIP-1, MIG and ICAM were
significantly increased (P <0.005) in pregnant patients infected with acute toxoplasmosis,
while serum level of MCP-1(14.46 ± 1.38pg/ml) was not significantly increased when
compared to controls(11.25 ± 0.24pg/ml) , these levels can be used as indicator to acute
toxoplasmosis.
Trace elements concentrations in serum were measured during infection also, the results of
this study revealed that serum Zn was markedly elevated (p<0.05) and serum Cu was
significantly decreased (P<0.001) in Toxoplasmosis-seropositive women as compared with
control.

Keywords

Cu Cytokines Toxoplasma gondii Zn

4

Effect Gamma Radiation of CdTe Thin Films Deposited by Thermal Evaporation

Enase Y.Abid

Pages: 31-40 English

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Abstract

The effect of 0.66 µeV gamma radiation on the structural and optical properties of the
CdTe thin films prepared by thermal evaporation at thickness 350nm, The samples were
irradiated with time (50 h and 79h) at room temperature. The absorption spectra for all the
samples were recorded using UV-VIS spectrometer in order to calculate the energy gap,
refractive index and others parameter . The optical energy gap was found decrease from (1.9
to 1.67) eV.

Keywords

Gamma radiation Optical Properties Structural properties thin films

5

Study of Some Structural and Optical Properties of AgAlSe2 Thin Films

Iman H. Khudayer, Bushra H. Hussien

Pages: 41-51 English

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Abstract

The structural properties of ternary chalcopyrite AgAlSe2 compound alloys and thin
films that prepared by the thermal evaporation method at room temperature on glass substrate
with a deposition rate (5±0.1) nm s-1 for different values of thickness (250,500 and 750±20)
nm, have been studied, using X-ray diffraction technology. As well as, the optical properties
of the prepared films have been investigated. The structural investigated shows that the alloy
has polycrystalline structure of tetragonal type with preferential orientation (112), while the
films have amorphous structure. Optical measurement shows that AgAlSe2 films have high
absorption in the range of wavelength (350-700 nm). The optical energy gap for allowed
direct transition were evaluated, which decreases with film thickness increasing, i.e. it
decreases from 2.5 eV to 2.2 eV when thickness varies from 250±20 nm to 750±20 nm

Keywords

AgAlSe2 Energy gap structure and Optical properties. thin films

6

Estimating Electricity Generation from Wind Power by V82 at ThiQar – Iraq

Auday H. Shaban

Pages: 60-69 English

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Abstract

One of the most demanded studies is wind turbine site assessment. It is difficult to build a
simulation program because of the many variables that affect the wind speed and direction.
The procedure of this research depend on two approaches, the Wind Atlas Analysis model and
the Inverse Distance Wait interpolation. These procedures give the estimated annual energy
production for each turbine (V82) with 82m blades diameter at 70m hub heights. The output
at this location for each turbine is about (4.3 GWh). The studied area is about 20x20km2
and
could be plant at least 600 turbine and have about 2500 GWh of annual energy production.

Keywords

GIS WAsP Wind power

7

The Structural and Optical Properties of Zinc Telluride Thin Films by Vacuum Thermal Evaporation Technique

Samir A. Maki, Hanan K. Hassun

Pages: 70-80 English

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Abstract

Different thicknesseses of polycrystalline ZnTe films have been deposited on to glass
substrates by vacuum evaporation technique under vacuum 2.1x10-5 mbar. The structural
characteristics studied by X-ray diffraction (XRD) showed that the films are polycrystalline
and have a cubic (zinc blende ) structure. The calculated microstructure parameters revealed
that the crystallite size increases with increasing film thicknesses. The optical measurements
on the deposited films were performed in different thicknesseses [ 400 , 450 and 500]nm, to
determine the transmission spectrum and the absorption spectra as a function of incident
wavelength. The optical absorption coefficient (α) of the films was determined from
transmittance spectra in the range of wavelength (400-1100) nm. The dependence of
absorption coefficient, on the photon energy showed the occurrence of a direct transition with
band gap energy from 2.24eV to 1.92eV (for ZnTe films of different thicknesseses), where
with high film thicknesses there are several energy levels resulting in several overlapping
energy bands in the band gap of these films. The overlapping energy bands therefore tend to
reduce the energy band gap, resulting in lower band gaps for thicker films.

Keywords

optical measurements thermal evaporation and structural properties ZnTe thin films

8

Correction of Non-Uniform illumination for Biological Images Using Morphological Operation Assessing with Statistical Features Quality

Layla H. abaas Hussain, Amel H.Abbas alamry

Pages: 81-90

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Abstract

Non Uniform Illumination biological image often leads to diminish structures and
inhomogeneous intensities of the image. Algorithm has been proposed using Morphological
Operations different types of structuring elements including (dick, line, square and ball) with
the same parameters of (15).To correct the non-uniform illumination and enhancement
biological images, the non-uniform background illumination have been removed from image,
using (contrast adjustment, histogram equalization and adaptive histogram equalization). The
used basic approach to extract the statistical features values from gray level of co-occurrence
matrices (GLCM) can show the typical values for features content of biological images that
can be in form of shape or specific features. In this research, the application of gray level cooccurrence matrix (GLCM) statistical features correlation, contras, energy and Homogeneity
have presented these features which have high accuracy and efficiently. The color biological
images had been used taken which is from microbiology laboratory at the Biological
Department College of Science Al-MustansiriyhUniversity. The algorithms have been applied
on ten different biological color images, in this work only two images have been displayed.

Keywords

(GLCM) statistical features histogram equalization Morphological Operations Non uniform illumination

9

Studying Laser Diode Dynamics with Optical Feedback from 20cm Free Space External Resonator

Ayser A. H. Hemed, Adnan H. Mohammad

Pages: 91-103 English

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Abstract

In this experimental study, which was carried out in photonics laboratory at Strathclyde
University, UK, dynamics of a multi-Quantum well semiconductor active medium laser, was
studied. This is in order to study its emission stability and pulse shape development under the
influence of strong optical feedback level with different deriving currents, in the free space
transmission medium. An external stable resonator was constructed by inserting high
reflectivity dielectric mirror outside the laser output, 20 cm apart from it, which is an extralarge external cavity. Controlling the reflected back optical power was done by using a nonpolarized (50:50) beam splitter. The external resonator supported by focusing (plano-convex)
lens in order to make it stable. Laser translated from stable emission when it was solitary, to
quasi-static, and low fluctuated, behaves, to be coherence collapse. This is due to the strong
(50%) level of optical feedback.

Keywords

Chaos. Coherence collapse External Cavity Low Frequency Fluctuations Optical feedback semiconductor laser

10

Simulation Study of Sputtering Yield of Zn Target Bombarded By Xenon Ions

Samira A. Ebrahiem, Firas M. Hady, Mustafa K. Jassim, Huda M. Tawfeek

Pages: 104-114 English

Full Text Issues

Abstract

Using a reduction of TRIM simulation data, the sputtering yield behaviour of Zinc target
Using a reduction of TRIM simulation data, the sputtering yield behaviour of Zinc target
bombard by heavy Xenon ions plasma is studied. The sputtering yield as a function of Zinc
layer width, Xenon ion number, energy of ions, and the angle of ion incidence are calculated
and illustrated graphically. The corresponding energy loss due to ionization, vacancies and
phonons, are graphically shown and discussed. Further, we fit the calculations and
expressions for fitted curves are presented with its coefficients.

Keywords

sputtering yield TRIM program Xenon ions Zinc

11

Synthesis and Characterization of Schiff Base Derived From Chitosan and Its Complexes With (Co+2, Ni+2 and Cu+2)

Mahmoud A. Al-Issa, Ayat A. Abbas, Fadhel S. Matty

Pages: 115-129 English

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Abstract

In this research, new Schiff base is derived from chitosan O-nitrobenzyldehyde and its
complexes were synthesized. All compounds were characterized by FT-IR, UV-Visible, TGA,
DTA, TG and molar conductivity with melting point.
The results showed that Schiff base was coordinated via nitrogen atom azomethine with the
center metal ions Co+2,Ni+2 and Cu+2 behaving monodentate ligand and forming complexes
with molecular formula [M(L)Cl2H2O] The tetrahedral geometrical was suggested for all
prepared complexes based on the characterization data for all techniques.
+2 ,Cu +2 , Ni M = Co+2

Keywords

chitin chitosan complexes. Schiff base

12

Spectrophotometric Determination of Chromium Using Promethazine Hydrochloride - Application in Various Samples

Najih H. Shekho, Hind A. Mahmoud

Pages: 130-143 English

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Abstract

A rapid, simple and sensitive spectrophotometric method for the determination of trace
amounts of chromium (VI) was studied. The method is based on the reaction of chromium (VI)
with promethazine forming a red colored species by chromium in hydrochloric acid medium
and exhibits a maximum absorbance at 518 nm. A plot of absorbance with chromium (VI)
gives a straight line indicating that Beer’s law has been obeyed over the range concentration
of 0.05-4.0 µg/ml with a molar absorptivity of chromium(VI) 2.04  104
l.mol-1.cm-1 ,
Sandell’s sensitivity index of 0.0025 µg.cm-2 while the limit of detection (LOD) was found to
be 0.0924 µg.ml-1 and a relative standard deviation of (0.63-1.24)%,depending on the
concentration level. The method is developed for the determination of chromium (III) and has
been successfully applied to the determination of chromium in various water samples,
pharmaceutical preparations, synthetic alloys and standard rock sample of known composition
(MRG-1).

Keywords

Chromium Hydrochloride Promethazine spectrophotometry.

13

Synthesis of New 10-Amido phenoxazine Derivatives

Israa T. Ibraheem, Suad M. Al-Araji

Pages: 144-154 English

Full Text Issues

Abstract

This work includes synthesis of new phenoxazine derivatives containing N-substituted
phenoxazine starting from phenoxazine (1).10-nitrosyl phenoxazine was prepared through the
reaction of phenoxazine with sodium nitrite to give compound (2), which reacted with zinc in
acetic acid to give 10-amino phenoxazine (3). Condensation of compound (3) with benzoyl
chloride, isovaleryl chloride and 4-bromophenacyl chloride gave 10-amido phenoxazine
derivatives (4-6).

Keywords

10-aceto hydrazide phenoxazine ethyl acetate phenoxazine phenoxazine

14

Extraction, Identification and Determination of di-(2- ethylhexyl) Phthalate (DEHP) Plasticizer in Some Stored Blood Samples Bags Using Different Spectroscopic Techniques

Daryia Jalil, Nabil A. Fakhre

Pages: 155-170 English

Full Text Issues

Abstract

The di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) was extracted using different solvents from
plastic blood bag. The extracted product was identified using FT-IR, NMR (1H and 13C),
DEPT, COSY, HMBC and HSQC_TOCSY spectrometry. The extracted plasticizer was tested
in complex formation with Fe2+ and Cr3+ using UV-visible spectrophotometric method. The
migration of the plasticizer from the blood bags to the blood was studied and determined
during different storage times depending upon the formation of complexes with Fe2+ and Cr3+,
and the change in the concentration of Fe2+ and Cr3+.

Keywords

blood bag samples DEHP Determination different spectroscopic techniques. extraction identification

15

Measurement of Ferritin and Transforming Growth Factor-β1 Levels in Iraqi Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

Qays A. Mahdi, Shatha A. Adbul Rahman, Fatima M. Mohammed

Pages: 171-184 English

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Abstract

Background: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is common heterogeneous disorder
syndrome in females, characterized by chronic oligoovulation, polycystic ovary, and
hyperandrogenism. This study aimed to the association of ferritin and transforming growth
factor- β1 (TGF-β1) levels with insulin resistance, cardiovascular and type 2 diabetes risks.
Patients and methods: (61) Iraqi women with PCOS patients diagnosed according to the
Rotterdam criteria, were subdivided according to their Body Mass Index (BMI) to: (20) lean
women with normal BMI: (18-24), (17) overweight women with BMI: (25-29) and (25) obese
women with BMI >30. For the the purpose of comparison, (20) healthy Iraqi women were
enrolled as controls matched for age. Fasting serum glucose (FSG), serum insulin, ferritin and
TGF-β1 was quantitatively determine, Homeostatic model assessment (HOMA2) parameters
were calculated. Results: Ferritin levels showed a high significant increase in the the obese and
overweight group when compared with the lean group. TGF-β1 showed a significant increase in
obese and overweight groups but not in the lean group. Pearson correlation analysis of patients
groups revealed an a significant positive correlation between ferritin and (insulin, HOMA IR,
and TGF- β1) and TGF- β1 with (FSG, insulin, and HOMA IR) while HOMA S (%) showed
significant negative correlation with both ferritin and TGF- β1. Conclusion: Increase body iron
stores, as reflected by serum ferritin concentrations, and TGF-β1 in PCOS patients and their
correlation with insulin and insulin resistance could be association with the risk increased risk
for cardiovascular and T2DM diseases.

Keywords

Ferritin hyperinsulinemia. PCOS transforming growth factor –β1

16

Spectrophotometric Determination of Sulfamethoxazole with P-N,N-dimethyl amino benzaldehyde as Condensation Reaction

Samar A. Darweesh, Ibdul Mohsin A. Al-Haidari, Alaa K. Mohammed, Sarmad B. Dikran

Pages: 185-199 English

Full Text Issues

Abstract

Sulfamethoxazole (SMX) was added to P-N,N-dimethyl amino benzaldehyde (PDAB)
by condensation reaction in acidic medium to form, a yellow colored dye compound which
exhibits maximum absorption (λmax) at 450.5 nm. The concentration of (SMX) was
determined spectrophotometrically. The optimum reaction conditions and other analytical
parameters were evaluated. In addition to classical univariate optimization, design of
experiment method has been applied in optimization of the variables affecting the color
producing reaction.
Beer’s law obeyed in the concentration range of 0.1-10 μg.mL-1 with molar absorptivity of
5.7950×104 L.mol-1.cm-1. The limit of detection and Sandell's sensitivity value were 0.078
μg.mL-1 was 4.3706 μg.cm-2 respectivily. The proposed method could be successfully applied
to the determination of (SMX) in synthetic sample and urine.

Keywords

Condensation reaction Ndimethyl amino benzaldehyde P-N spectrophotometric determination Sulfamethoxazole

17

Synthesis and Spectral Characterization of Some New Aromatic Schiff Bases Derivated from 2,4- Dinitrophenylhydrazine

Anwar Th. Mahmood, Noor A. Khudhair

Pages: 200-216 English

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Abstract

Four novel Schiff bases SB1 to SB4 as new aromatic compound not hydrolysed under ordinary
conditions were synthesized in this study by condensation reactions between2,4-
dinitrophenylhydrazine: firstly with 2,4,4`-trihydroxybenzophenone to give SB1, secondly with 4-
hydroxybenzophenone to give SB2, thirdly with 4-dimethylaminobenzaldhyde to give SB3 and
fourthly with 4-aminobenzaldehyde to give SB4. The molecular structures of these aromatic Schiff
bases obtained were identified and characterized based on melting points, elemental analysis(CHN),
FT-IR and UV-Visible spectra. The electronic absorption spectra of Schiff bases obtained were studied
in the solvents of ethanol, DMF, water, chloroform, carbon tetrachloride and cyclohexane. The
recorded absorption bands in ethanol solvent were assigned to corresponding electronic transitions
were discussed. The absorption bands at 291 to 411 nm obtained in electronic spectra of the
synthesized new aromatic Schiff bases were assigned to (π→π*) transition which originates from
substituted benzophenone or benzaldehyde rings and directed along of molecule in Schiff bases. These
transitions are assumed to represent the intramolecular charge-transfer complexes bands in which the
substituted two moieties of benzophenone and benzaldehyde rings are the charge donors and the
substituted phenylhydrazine ring is the charge acceptor. Also, the effect of polar, non-polar solvents
on the electronic transitions of charge-transfer bands have measured and discussed.
The physical-spectroscopic parameters in molecular structural shapes of intra CT complexes
molecules such as transition energies, molar extinction coefficients, molecular oscillate strength;
transition molecular dipole moment and molecular resonance have been calculated and discussed.

Keywords

charge-transfer complexes CHN FT-IR Schiff base UV-Visible

18

Preparation, Characterization and Study of Biological Activities of New Organozinc Compounds Drived from Cytosine

Alyaa K. Abbas

Pages: 217-226 English

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Abstract

The novel heterocyclic organozinc compounds were prepared from the reaction of
diazonum salt cytosine zinc chloride with thymol and vanilin as coupler components. The
prepared compounds were characterized by elemental analysis and UV-Vis, FTIR and
1HMNR spectroscopic techniques. The biological activity was also studied for all prepared
compounds.

Keywords

Azo cytosine Biological activity. identification Organzic Perparation

19

Spectrophotometric Determination of Sulfathiazole Using 2,4 –dinitrophenylhydrazine as Coupling Reagent

Israa T. Humedy, Ismael M. Ali

Pages: 227-239 English

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Abstract

A rapid, sensitive and selective spectrophotometric method was developed for
determination of sulfathiazole (STHZ) in aqueous solution. The method is based on the
oxidative coupling reaction with 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine (2,4-DNPH) in a basic medium
(pH 10.9) in the presence of potassium periodate to produce an intense orange colour, soluble
in water , stable product and absorbs at 492 nm. Beer's law was in the linear range 2.0-28.0
μg/ml of sulfathiazole, the molar absorptivity, Sandellʼs sensitivity index and detection limit
were 1.1437 ×104
liter. mol-1.cm-1,0.0223 μg.cm-2 and 0.1274 μg/ml respectively. The RSD
value was 0.75 - 1.12 % depending on the concentration. This method was applied
successfully to the determination of sulfathiazole veterinary injection liquid solution (bio
prime) with average recovery of not less than 100.38 % .

Keywords

2 4-DNPH reagent. Spectrophotometric sulfathiazole

20

Simultaneous Determination of Sulfanilamide and Furosemide by Using Derivative Spectrophotometry

Samar A. Darweesh

Pages: 240-253 English

Full Text Issues

Abstract

A simple, precise and accurate spectrophotometric method has been developed for
simultaneous estimation of sulfanilamide and furosemide in their mixture by using first and
second order derivative method in the ultraviolet region. The method depends on first and
second derivative spectrophotometry, with zero-crossing and peak to base line and peak area
measurements. The first derivative amplitudes at 214, 238 and 266 nm were selected for the
assay of sulfanilamide and 240, 260, 284, 314 and 352 nm for furosemide. Peak area at 201-
222, 222-251 and 251-281 nm selected for estimation of sulfanilamide and at 229-249, 249-
270, 270-294, 294-333 and 333-382 nm for furosemide. The second derivative amplitudes at
220, 252 and 274 nm for sulfanilamide and 248, 272, 292, 334, and 364 nm for furosemide.
Peak area at 209-229, 239-262 and 262-285 nm for sulfanilamide and at 238-253, 262-281,
281-303, 315-353 and 353-383 nm for furosemide. The first derivative absorption at 270.5 nm
(zero cross point of furosemide) was used for determination of sulfanilamide and 322.5 and 352
nm (zero cross point of sulfanilamide) for determination of furosemide. The second derivative
absorption at 261 and 283.3 nm (zero cross point of furosemide) was used for determination
of sulfanilamide and 266, 334 and 364 nm (zero cross point of sulfanilamide) for
determination of furosemide. The linearity was established over the concentration range of 1-35
μg/ml and 1-60 μg/ml for sulfanilamide and furosemide with correlation coefficient R2
0.9991
and 0.9995 respectively. Accuracy and precision of the determination method on the various
amounts of sulfanilamide and furosemide with known concentrations were evaluated in their
binary mixtures. The proposed method has been successfully applied to the estimation of
sulfanilamide in its synthetic samples and furosemide in its drug tablets.

Keywords

Derivative spectroscopy Furosemide. Simultaneous determination Sulfanilamide

21

Determination of Some Trace Element Levels in Iraqi Male patients with Colorectal Cancer

Rana K. Mohammed, Salah M. Fezea

Pages: 254-261 English

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Abstract

Alterations of trace element concentrations adversely affect biological processes and
could promote carcinogenesis. Trace element deficiency or excess is implicated in the
development or progression of some cancers like colorectal cancer. The aim of the present
study was to compare the serum copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn) concentrations in patients with
colorectal cancer from Iraqi male patient with those of healthy subjects. During the period of
March 2015 until august 2015, a total of 25 patients with metastatic colon cancer and 20
healthy volunteers were enrolled from the Al-Kadhimia Teaching Hospital after the diagnosis
using a histopathological examination for the malignant tumor; their age was between (38-60)
years. Higher levels of Cu, Zn, and Cu /Zn ratio were seen in male patients with colorectal
cancer compared to healthy subject's .In Conclusions: According to our findings there was a
significant difference in trace elements between healthy subjects and colorectal cancer
patients.

Keywords

Colorectal Cancer Cu/Zn ratio. trace elements

22

End--Prime Submodules

Nuhad S. AL-Mothafar, Adwia J. Abdil -Khalik

Pages: 262-270 English

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Abstract

Let R be a commutative ring with identity and M an unitary R-module. Let (M) be the
set of all submodules of M, and : (M)  (M)  {} be a function. We say that a proper
submodule P of M is end--prime if for each   EndR(M) and x  M, if (x)  P, then
either x  P + (P) or (M)  P + (P). Some of the properties of this concept will be
investigated. Some characterizations of end--prime submodules will be given, and we show
that under some assumtions prime submodules and end--prime submodules are coincide.

Keywords

end--prime submodules. Prime submodules S-prime submodules -prime submodules

23

On the Degree of Best Approximation of Unbounded Functions by Algebraic Polynomial

Alaa A. Auad

Pages: 271-281 English

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Abstract

In this paper we introduce a new class of degree of best algebraic approximation
polynomial Α௞,௡ሺ݂, ݔሻ for unbounded functions in weighted space Lp,α(X), ሺ1 ൑ ݌ ∞ ൏ ሻ.We
shall prove direct and converse theorems for best algebraic approximation in terms modulus
of smoothness in weighted space.

Keywords

degree of best approximation modulus of smoothness. unbounded functions weight space

24

-Prime Submodules

Nuhad S. AL-Mothafar, Adwia J. Abdil .Al-Khalik

Pages: 282-291 English

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Abstract

Let R be a commutative ring with identity and M be an unitary R-module. Let (M) be
the set of all submodules of M, and : (M)  (M)  {} be a function. We say that a
proper submodule P of M is -prime if for each r  R and x  M, if rx  P, then either x  P
+ (P) or r M  P + (P) . Some of the properties of this concept will be investigated. Some
characterizations of -prime submodules will be given, and we show that under some
assumptions prime submodules and -prime submodules are coincide.

Keywords

prime submodule Weakly prime submodules -prime submodules.

25

The Study of Chromosomal Structure in Mystus pelusius (Solander in Russell,1794) Fish

Asmaa S.I.AL-Khayat, Heba H. R.Sahan

Pages: 292-303

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Abstract

The present study was done to identify the karyotype of Mystus pelusius fish , which is the
only representative of the family Bagridae in Iraq, they have been caught from Tigris river in
AL-Kraat area of Baghdad city, the results show that the diploid chromosome number was
2n=32 and the males chromosomal types included 2n=(6m+13sm+7st+6t)and fundamental
number FN=51, in females chromosomal types included 2n=(6m+12sm+8st+6t)with
FN=50,also it observed that the first submetacentric pair was the largest within the biarmed
chromosomes .The results revealed that the male heterogamety and the female homogamety ,
accordingly it follows the sex determination system (XX / XY) , as the (X) chromosome
represented by medium sized submetacentric (sm)chromosome and (Y)chromosome by small
sized subtelocentric (st) chromosome.

Keywords

Bagridae and Sex determination system. Karyotype Mystus pelusius

26

The Effect of Some of the Criteria of the Efficiency of House Fly Traps

Waleed I. Gharib, Maki H. Abd-ali

Pages: 304-309 English

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Abstract

The study revealed to the efficiency of some stick traps included standard Williams sticky
trap with three modified forms of them, Ribbed cylindrical williams trap , pyramid williams
trap and flat williams trap in catching of the house flies in a horses، stables. The results
showed slight differences between standard Williams traps and Ribbed cylindrical williams
trap. On the other hand, there was significant difference between all modified forms of traps
in mean number catch of house flies which reached to 597.6, 363.3 and 155.6 fly/ trap, for
Ribbed cylindrical williams trap, pyramid williams trap, flat sticky trap respectively. As for
the experience of the effect of color types; yellow, white, blue and red were recoreded
capture rates 159.3 , 123.6, 81.6 and 22.6, fly / trap respectively. While the capture rates
176.6, 159.3 and 344.3 fly /trap at 0,1, 2 meters respectively .The effect of baits types
showed different significance berween fish and other baits, blood sheep and poultry meat,and
capture rates were 206.6 , 164.3 and 135.6,fly / trap respectively.

Keywords

baits colors traps house fly Sticky traps

27

The Effect of Copper Nanoparticles on Seminal Vesicles and Testosterone Hormone in Male Albino Mice

Mohammed N. Taha

Pages: 310-319 English

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Abstract

The study conducted to demonstrate the effect of copper nanoparticles (Cu-NPs) on the
seminal vesicle and testosterone hormone of males' albino mice. Twenty mice were used and
divided into four groups control group and three groups that orally administrated with 100
mg/kg Cu-NPs for 7, 14 and 21 days and each group have 5 animals. Then, the blood was
withdrawn from the animals to measure the level of the hormone testosterone in the next day
after all the dosages period and then the animal was sacrificed. Seminal vesicles isolated from
each animal and measured weight then histological sections were prepared to observe the
changes of seminal vesicles sections. Then the morphometric was carried out to the lining
cells and their nucleus and the thickness of fibro muscular layer surrounding the seminal
vesicles.
The result showed a significant decrease P <0.05 in the average weights of the seminal
vesicles and the testosterone levels of treated animals with Cu-NPs for all three periods
compared to the control. At the histological changes levels, the study showed occurrence of
atrophy, degeneration of lining cells and pyknotic their nuclei as well as to decline the
thickness of the surrounding layer of vesicles. These results were confirmed by morphometric
which showed a significant decrease P <0.05 in the average height of lining epithelial cell and
the diameter of their nuclei as well as the thickness of the surrounding layer of the vesicle.
Depending on the results, this study was approved for the first time that Cu-NPs have
negative impact on the effectiveness of the seminal vesicle and testosterone hormone of male
albino mice.

Keywords

Copper nanoparticles male reproductive system and albino mice seminal vesicle Testosterone hormone

28

Comparative Anatomical Study between Typha domengensis and Phragmites communis

Muazaz A. Al-Hadeethi, Basima M. Al-Obaidi, Sabah S. Hamadi, Rasha H. Al-Rikabi

Pages: 320-330 English

Full Text Issues

Abstract

Both of the species Typha domengensis and Phragmites communis among the most
important plant endemic in flora of Iraq from monocotyledon.
Due to the similarity of the two species with each other in many morphological characteristics
such as the environment where they live and the form of leaves and type of leaf venation and
type of stomata….ets, also both of species belong to monocots plant therefore this research
work was conducted find anatomical differences that have the same as taxonomic value to
help distinguishing between both species under study.
Through this research, we found great importance to the anatomical characteristics which
we reached by studying the roots, stems and leaves sections for both species and through
these characteristics we were able to compare between the two species studied scientifically
and objectively.

Keywords

Anatomical characters comparative study Phragmites. Typhaceae Poaceae. Typha

29

The Effect of a Local Bacterial Isolates of Pseudomonas spp in Growth and Elements Nutrition Uptake of (Vinga sinesis) & (Rhaphanus stativus)

Asseel M.M. Habh, Mohammed A. Al-Jaleel Khalil, Suhad Y. Alfili, Rami M. Idan

Pages: 331-339 English

Full Text Issues

Abstract

An experiment was conducted to study the effect of four isolates of Pseudomonas spp.
on the growth of two plants Radish & Cowpea and on the concentrations of macro elements
& microelements . This experiment included two parts , the 1st. part included isolation and
characterization of 4 isolates of Pseudomonas bacteria from local Iraqi soils Baghdad . The
2nd part included planting two plants Radish & Cowpea in plastic pots size 5Kg -soil in the
green house Biology Dept. College of Science , after planting we added the isolates to the
pots , and after 50 days, the growth parameters length , fresh and dry weight , percentage of
germination were recorded , and the concentrations of macro elements Mg ,P ,K ,Fe, and Ca
,and microelements Zn ,Cl ,Mo ,Cu ,and Ba. The results showed that the bacterial isolates
were effective in promoting the growth of two plants comparing with control plants , the
concentrations of maco & microelements were increased in both plants after adding the
bacteria to the plants. Results were analyzed statistically using the least significant difference
and at the level of probability of 0.05.

Keywords

Pseudomonas spp. . promoting growth . Radish & Cowpea.

30

Study Productivity of Glutamic Acid by Bacillus subtilis EN3 Isolated from the Soil

Eman J. Al-Attar, Nidhal M. Salih, Shaymaa H. Al-Rajhi

Pages: 340-357 English

Full Text Issues

Abstract

The genus Bacillus bacterium isolated from soil and tests their ability to produce
glutamic acid, the bacteria are diagnosed by traditional methods and VITEK-2 system. And
we studied the optimal conditions for production and try to improve the productivity of the
isolation by manipulating the components of the production medium and of the circumstances
environmental of production medium. There is 43 isolates of the 70 bacterial isolates
belonging to the genus Bacillus depending on phenotypic characteristics of the colonies and
microscopic characteristics and found that 13 isolated revert to species B.subtilis depending
on physiological and biochemical characteristics. As well as on microscopic and biochemical
tests, 13 isolates were subjected to the diagnostic by VITEK-2 system. The results showed
that EN5 and EN3 diagnosed as B.subtilis as well as a commercial isolate A1 was also
diagnosed as B.subtilis was selected EN3 isolation, as highest productivity (2 mg/ml).then
optimal conditions was studied to produce glutamic acid by using the semi synthesis medium
contained waste of extract dates (DE) as best Carbone source at 10% and use of ammonium
nitrate as the best source of nitrogen at 2% from the production medium, and achieved better
productivity of glutamic acid amounted to 7.2 mg/ml, at the temperature 34°C, pH initial 6.5,
ventilation and agitation increase concentration of glutamic acid product when the proportion
of medium size to the size of the flask 5:1 in the shaker incubator speeds of 180 rpm, for
incubated period of 72 hours, were obtained, improvement rate was amounted to 360% from
what was produced wild isolation.

Keywords

Carbon & Nitrogen source Diagnose B.subtilis fermentation Production of glutamic Acid TLC

31

Effect of Lallemantia royleana Seeds Extract in Liver Functions Enzymes Levels and in some Mice Activity Features Treated with Rifadin drug

Mohammed F. A. Al-Barram, Zainab T. S. Al-Asady

Pages: 358-366 English

Full Text Issues

Abstract

This study was aimed to investigate the role of crud alcoholic extract of Lallemantia
royleana seeds in reducing the hepatotoxicity and side effect of rifadin drug in liver.
The animals (40 mice) were divided into four groups, the first group was treated with
normal saline (0.9%) for 28 days as a control and the second group was treated with rifadin
(1.5 mg/kg/day) for 28 days and third group was treated with acoholic extract of Lallemantia
royleana seeds (1% w/v) for 28 days, while the forth group was treated with alcoholic extract
of seeds alone for 5 days and with alcoholic extract and rifadin for 28 days, so the total period
of this group is 33 days. The blood samples ware collected to measure the liver function
enzymes represented by Alkalin phosphatse (ALP), Alanine transaminase (ALT), Aspartate
Transaminase (AST), and the animals in experimental groups were observed to investigate the
animals activity changes in groups after treated with drug and extract.
Significant increases (P<0.05) were found in the levels of liver function enzymes
(ALT,AST,ALP) in drug treated group ( 131.575±3.45، ) 662.04 comparing ±8.26، 197.00±6.58
with control group (33.440±2.27، 264.10±2.52، 74.98±1.79) and significant decrease (P<0.05)
in ALT,AST levels in extract treated group (47.480±1.93 ، and the extract-drug 254.18±4.34)
treated group (85.033±2.33، 444.86±4.56 ) comparing to drug treated group. The animal
activity changes that noted in drug group represented by lethargy, introversion, the tendency
to sleep, hyperventilation, in addition to change the faeces color to black and urine color to
ruddy, in other hand these behavioral changes were decreased in animals groups treated with
extract and extract-drug togather comparing to drug group.

Keywords

Lallemantia royleana liver functions Mice activity Rifadin drug.

32

The Direct Damaging Effect of Some Agricultural Chemicals Used Locally in Iraq on the DNA of Escherichia coli

Mohammed M. Jawad

Pages: 367-375 English

Full Text Issues

Abstract

Agricultural chemicals on a large scale of use throughout the world, and there are many
studies about these chemicals and its disadvantages, but most of them were limited to its
impact on mammals such as rodents in determine. This study was designed to determine the
impact of these chemicals on DNA damage for E. coli bacteria from Iraq. The DNA is similar
in terms of structure and function in all living organisms with a different in number and
sequence of the nitrogenous bases among living organisms.
This study showed that snails and slugs killer material Metaldehyde are strongly bind
with the DNA extracted from bacteria, and herbicides Glyphosate also showed that clearly
when treated with DNA extracted from bacteria, as well as with the plasmid DNA.

Keywords

Agricultural chemicals Binding DNA Metaldehyde organic fertilizer

33

Relations Between Water Stress, Selenium and Brassinolide Hormone on Some Vegetative Parameters and Elements Content of Coriander Plant Coriandrum sativum L.

Abbaa J.H. Al-Saedi, Haider N.H. Al-Mentafji

Pages: 376-386 English

Full Text Issues

Abstract

The aim of study was to assess water stress for 2,8,14 days and spraying selenium at
0,10,20 mg/L-1 and brassinolide 0,1,2 mg/L-1 on vegetative growth and macro elements
content (NPK) for Coriander (Coriandrum astivum L.) plant, The experiment was
performed with Factorial Randomized Block Design (R.B.C.D) with three replicates .The
results were summarized as follows:
1- The period of sever water stress for 14 days was passive effect on growth parameters.
2- The means of elements content NPK content was increased at moderate stress for 8
days.
3- The effect of selenium and brassinolide was positively to increase studied parameters.
4- Selenium and Brassinolide decreased water stress also the triple interaction between
the severe stress at 14 days and the spraying the selenium and hormone was positive to
decrease effect of severe stress.

Keywords

brassinolide Coriander Selenium Water stress

34

The Influence of Aluminum Doping on Structural and Optical Properties of (Bi2O3)Thin Films

Bushra . K . Hasson, Nassr . I . Najm

Pages: 387-396 English

Full Text Issues

Abstract

In this research, the structural and optical properties were studied for Bi2O3 and Bi2O3:
Al thin films with different doping ratios ( 1, 2, 3 ) % , which were prepared by
thermal evaporation technique under vacuum , with thickness ( 450 ± 20 ) nm deposited
on glass substrates at room temperature ( 300 ) K , Structural measurements by ( XRD)
techniques demonstrated that all samples prepared have polycrystalline structure
with tetragonal structure and a preferred orientation [ 201 ] the optical measurement
shows that all films have a direct energy gap , and in general decrease with the
increase of doping ratio except ratio ( 3% Al ) .
The optical constant such as absorption coefficient , extinction coefficient , refractive index
real and imaginary parts of the dielectric constant and optical conductivity were
calculated before and after doping with the range of wave lengths ( 300 - 1100 ) nm .

Keywords

Bismuth oxide Doping . Optical Properties Structural properties

35

Indirect Spectrophotometric Determination of Oxymetazoline Hydrochloride in Pharmaceutical Formulation Using Fluorophotometric Method

Mohammed S. Saleem, Ikram K. Othman

Pages: 397-408 English

Full Text Issues

Abstract

This research involves an indirect Fluorophotometric method for the determination of
microgram amount of oxymetazoline hydrochloride in the concentration range 0.1-5.0 g/ml.
The method is based on the oxidation of the drug by cerium sulphate solution which is acidic
medium where Ce IV is reduced to Ce III which can be excited at 259 nm to give an emitted
light at 377 nm which is directly proportional to the concentration of Ce III which is
equivalent to Ce IV that is needed to oxidize the studied drug. The average recovery of the
method is 100.19% and relative standard deviation (RSD) < 0.37% . The method have been
successfully applied to the determination of the studied drug in its pure and pharmaceutical
preparations and it was found that the results obtained are agree favorably with certified
values of pharmaceutical preparations and also with result obtained by standard addition
method.

Keywords

Cerium sulphate (IV) Fluorophotometric Oxymetazoline hydrochloride

36

Spectrophotometric Determination of Paracetamol by Diazotization and Coupling Reaction with Anthranilic Acid

Mohammed S. Abdul- Raheem, Khalaf F. Alsamarrai, Sarmad B. Dikran

Pages: 409-420 English

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Abstract

This paper concerned with development of a spectrophotometric method for the determination of
paracetamol, based on the diazotisation and coupling reaction with anthranilic acid in basic medium,
to form an intense yellow coloured, water-soluble and stable azo-dye which shows a maximum
absorption at 421nm. Beer’s law is obeyed over the concentration range of 1.0-10 µg/ml; with molar
absorptivity of 2.1772×104
L.mol-1.cm-1 and Sandell’s sensitivity index 6.9446 µg.cm-2. The
method has been applied successfully for the determination of paracetamol in pharmaceutical
formulation.

Keywords

anthranilic Acid. d diazotization and coupling Determination Dosage forms Paracetamol Spectrophotometric

37

Synthesis and Characterization of Heterocyclic Seven Membered Rings from 2,3-Pyridine caroboxylic anhydride

Khaled M. Mohammed, Duraid A. Al-Dulaimi

Pages: 421-436 English

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Abstract

Various types of heterocyclic seven membered rings were prepared from the reaction of 2,3-
Pyridine caroboxylic anhydride with Schiff bases (which was prepared using different Aldehydes with
amines [H1-H10] and seven membered rings were prepared (derivatives of 7,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-
e][1,3]oxazepine-5,9-dione, and the presence of Aceton. [A1-A10].
Melting points of the compounds were measured. The prepared compounds were diagnosed
spectrally by using UV-Visible and Infrared spectroscopy, and (1H-NMR) Spectrum for some
compounds. The results confirmed the validity of the proposed chemical compositions.

Keywords

Aldehydes Amines Oxazepen Shiff bases

38

Electrical Conductivity and Hall Effect Measurements of (CuInTe2) Thin Films

Bushra K. Hassan Al-Maiyaly, Shaymaa K.Abdul-Hassan, Falah I. Mustafa

Pages: 52-59 English

Full Text Issues

Abstract

In this research, the electrical conductivity and Hall effect measurements have been
investigated on the CuInTe2 (CIT) thin films prepared by thermal evaporation technique on
glass substrate at room temperature as a function of annealing temperature (R.T,473,673)K
for different thicknesses (300 and 600) nm. The samples were annealed for one hour.
The electrical conductivity analysis results demonstrated that all samples prepared have two
types of transport mechanisms of free carriers with two values of activation energy (Ea1, Ea2),
and the electrical conductivity increases with the increase of annealing temperature whereas it
showed opposite trend with thickness , where the electrical conductivity would decrease as
the films thickness increases.
The results of Hall effect measurements of CuInTe2 films show that all films were (p-type) ,
the carrier concentration and Hall mobility are strongly dependent on the annealing
temperature and film thickness.

Keywords

CuInTe2 electrical conductivity Hall effect thermal evaporation

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