Al Mustansiriyah Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences

The assay of Ampicillin is carried out by
HPLC (High performance liquid
chromatography) system to calculate the
weight of the active constituent of the
drug in this dosage form. In this work we
study six samples of Ampicillin 250 mg
capsule manufactured by different pharm-

aceutical companies available in Iraq to evaluate the content of drug in this dosage form. This
has been achieved by making calibration curve of different concentrations of stock solution,
using standard ampicillin tri hydrate (Reference Standard Ampicillin) USP, we obtained
different reading of the area under the peak (AUP) which followed straight – line equation.

Key words: Assay, (HPLC) High performance liquid chromatography, (AUP) Area under the
peak, Ampicillin Trihydrate (AMP. Tri. H).

Diabetes mellitus can be defined as
chronic metabolic disease which results
from either relative or complete absence
of insulin by the pancreatic beta islet cells.
This in-turn may lead to hyperglycemia
due to disturbances in the metabolism of
glucose. In the human body, iron is con-
sidered to be an effective pro-oxidant and participates in the generation of reactive oxygen
species (ROS) such as hydroxyl radical. Because of the poor antioxidant defense mechanism
of beta cells (low production of antioxidant enzymes such as catalase, glutathione peroxidase
and dismutase), so they are highly prone to iron-induced oxidative stress and iron deposition
in it and this will lead to apoptosis, and subsequently insulin deficiency. This iron deposition
in beta cells will also lead to insulin resistance by reducing insulin extracting ability of the
liver and inhibiting glucose uptake in muscle tissues and fats, this in turn will result in high
production of hepatic glucose. Ferritin which is an acute phase reactant protein, that responds
to acute stress like trauma, infections, tissue necrosis and surgery, it can produce diabetes
mellitus either through inflammation or by increasing iron stores.

Key words: diabetes mellitus, iron, insulin, beta cells, oxidative stress.

Cyclooxygenases enzymes (COX) are
related with ovulation, apoptosis and
menstrual disorder. Several studies
demonstrate that COX 1 is one of the
major sources of prostaglandin but COX 2
is more important in the late reproductive
age women. Prostaglandin is bioactive
compound excreted from Arachidonic

acid by Cox 1 and Cox 2, play role in the fertility and ovulation but when increased above the
normal level especially in menstrual cycle, ectopic pregnancy is attributed to this cause. Cox 1
and Cox 2 inhibitors have been regulated the inflammatory responses include cytokines and
tumor growth factors which produced from neutrophil cells by cyclooxygenases activation, it
has been used to regular prostaglandin action, especially PGG2 and PGH2. Any changes in
the endometrial cells lead to increased vascular inflammation that developed to the late
reproductive disease. Steroidogenesis characterized by increased levels of estrogen in the
uterus caused uterine infections and elevated cyclooxygenases levels especially during uterine
contractions process.
Key words: Cyclooxygenases, Reproductive age women, Cytokines

This review paper covers the major
synthetic approaches attempted towards
the synthesis of some Non-Steroidal Anti
Inflammatory Drugs (Naproxen,
Ibuprofen and Nabumetone)

Key words: synthesis, Naproxen, Ibuprofen and Nabumeton

Sirutins 1-7 (SIRT1-7) is an enzyme that
depends on NAD+ to be activated, making
it a member of the 3rd class of Deacetylase
enzymes. SIRT1-7’s activity is involved
with metabolism, cell survival and/or
death as well as DNA repair, gene
repression, inflammatory responses, the

aging process, neuroprotection in addition to possibly helping with the treatment of cancer.
Molecules that could have a modifying effect on SIRT1-7’s activity has caught a great
attention recently, owing to the fact of how beneficial this enzyme could be. In this review,
we attempt to shed a light on these activator compounds and their use in Sirutin activation
therapy, particularly SIRT1, for it is the most researched type. One of these compounds is
Resveratrol, a natural compound that –due to its SIRT 1 activation potential – could help in
the treatment of obesity, prevention of tumor formation as well as decrease in heart function
and neuronal loss related to aging; however, Resveratrol has poor bioavailability, which is
why structurally reformulated compounds and molecules have been developed. Other
molecules that are different from Resveratrol such as SRT1720, SRT2104 and SRT2379 in
addition to others, have been used and shown greater activation potential for SIRT1 than
Resveratro
Key words: SIRT1- Deacetylase- Cancer

Cinnarizine is an anti-histaminic drug and
is mainly used to treat symptoms
accompanying motion sickness like
vomiting and dizziness. It has low and
variable bioavailability due to its low
water solubility. Cinnarizine (weakly
basic drug) is formulated as raft forming

chewable Tablets to allow its complete dissolution at the stomach to be absorbed at the
upper part of small intestine. Raft forming chewable Tablets are formulated by direct
compression method using sodium alginate or pectin as raft forming agents. The prepared Tablets
were evaluated for their pre and post- compression parameters and they have shown desirable results
regarding evaluation of hardness, thickness, % friability, weight variation, content uniformity, raft
strength, weight and volume, in addition to in-vitro drug release. Out of all the prepared formulas F1
selected as the optimum formula with 488.1mg raft strength and 92.34% drug release after 24hrs that
is promising for the formulation of the raft system.
Key words: raft, gastro-retentive, cinnarizine, sodium alginate, chewable Tablets.

Oral mucositis (OM) is common
treatment-induced toxicity in patients
receiving chemoradiation for head and
neck cancer (HNC). The present study
aims to evaluate the efficacy and safety of
Nigella sativa (NS) oil in chemoradiation
induced OM of HNC patients. From

January 2017 to May 2018, 40 patients with HNC were randomly allocated into two groups
each of 20 patients. The first group received NS oil mouthwash five times daily, while the
second group received the routinely followed protocol (magic mouthwash) and served as a
control. All patients received radiotherapy (RT) (60-70 Gy) in 30-35 fractions over 6-7 weeks
with or without chemotherapy. Patients were evaluated weekly to estimate the onset and
severity of OM and the patient’s reported outcomes (pain, swallowing, and functional score).
The majority of patients (70%) were men. The commonest primary tumor locations were the
larynx (47.5), and pharynx (22.5%) mostly classified as stages III or IV. NS oil significantly
reduces the RTOG of mucositis in the last 3 weeks of RT and improves the reported outcomes
(pain and swallowing) during the next 6 weeks of RT compared with controls. The majority
of patients in the NS group ingested either normal or soft food especially at the end of RT. In
conclusion, NS oil decreases the duration and severity of OM with better patient-reported
outcome and pain control compared with the routine treatment. NS oil can be considered as a
feasible and affordable option for chemoradiation-induced OM in HNC patients.
Key words: Nigella sativa; oral mucositis; chemoradiation; head and neck cancer