ADAB AL-BASRAH

There is no doubt that the linguistic debates are based on the interaction between the two sides of the speech (the addresser and the addressee). These debates have been considered as a dialogue exercise across a pilgrimage path. Thus, they were based on the questions of the grammarian Bashar Al-Andalusi and Al-Zubaidi Muhammad Ibn Al-Hasan Al-Nahawi Abi Bakr, Jalasah Al-Mansur Ibn Muhammad Ibn Abi Amer to Sa'id Ibn Abi Al-Hasan Analytical material upon which the strategies of speech in those debates were adopted. The study overtly presents a procedural work that can be useful in the analysis and dismantling of the corresponding speech far from the hypothetical example brought in the fluorescence of books and studies that dealt with the subject of discourse Analysis.
Sa'ad Ibn Al-Hassan's debates were "exam-based debates," based on the accountability of the people of the charge and the prosecution.This was the case in the religious and creed debates the contents of which was leaked to the linguistic debates. It is based on revealing the rhetoric of linguistic addresses, and forced him to admit himself wrong.
The debates in this case were not aimed at demonstrating the right and seeking seriousness, but seeking to overthrew the addressee through a question-and-answer approach that contributed to the diversification of its external structure.

John Fowles’s The French Lieutenant’s Woman is a metafictional neo-Victorian novel concerned with a retrospective analysis of Victorian society with the aid of a modern, highly manipulative, narrator. The novel’s protagonist, Sarah Woodruff, is the most enigmatic character due to her manipulative nature and an accomplice narrator who sustains her mystery. This paper analyzes the aura of mystique surrounding Sarah as a revolutionary Victorian and as a narrator-like presence located outside the period to unearth unrepresented tendencies of Victorian society.

This paper investigated five selected translations of Orwell's 1984 in terms of their interpretation of Orwell’s employment of 24-hour clock /military time in the novel. The 24 hour time system was associated mainly with Central Europe and England recovering from a war with many European countries. Orwell, with the use of military time set the tone of the cold military oppression the in the novel. Of the five translations, only two translators adhered to the time system used in the novel. Three of the translators did not convey Orwell’s use of the military/24 hour timing; that they did not see that a foreign text has something valuable to communicate. Only two translators were able to understand the alien territory; while the other three did not extract the meaning from it.

There are various viewpoints among linguists and the semantic exegeses scholars regarding the meanings which indicate the superlative degree as they are stated in poetry or in prose and those appeared in the Holy Koran. This requires to resort to the grammatical rules in Arabic language or to reform the semantic meaning of this degree loaded with the religious belief. However, this means that there is a disagreement between the religious theory and the linguistic theory, and it is possible to make a kind of adaptation between the two theories based on the variety in the semantic meaning which the superlative degree plays in Arabic. This is because the structures in the Holy Koran are completely different in their semantic references, purposes and objectives from those in the Arabic language. Verily, the Holy Koran is divine, and does not give way to the factors, the circumstances and the effects which the human products do in the different fields of the human knowledge, and among them the grammatical rules and systems in Arabic. Consequently, the research in question has been directed to prove that the attributes of God, such as the patient, the thankful, the forgiving, are not superlative degrees, for they are not proper for Him, the Great and Almighty. Verily, they are invariable, whereof these names of Allah or His attributes are not intended, when appeared in the Holy Koran, to semantically refer to the superlative degree. In fact, they are just attributes to the names of Allah, or they are the effective features of the Great and Almighty. There is no degree of superlative in the names of Allah or His attributes; they are rather expressions used to refer to invariability and requisite for His attributes and actions are His own. As a result, the researcher has concluded from verses of Koran which semantically refer to this fact though these degrees are derived from the active participle to refer to the degree of superlative in the action of the active participle in quantity and quality. However, it is possible to resort to the original or the secondary grammatical rule to find out whether the degree is related to the sacred Allah Himself, so it is secondary to the original and semantically referring to the invariability and requisite, or it is related to the actions of man, so it is original and semantically referring to degree of superlative.

The theory of analyzing the denotative meaning of the Quranic texts was variously interpreted in terms of connotation and context. This theory indicated that the Holy Quran explains the general meaning of the abstract Quranic words. This abstraction give the Quran its meaning comprehensiveness and generalization. Thus, the theory helped Holy Quran readers understand the deepest connotative meanings without being affected by the denotative indications of those meanings. The present study explained the theory of analyzing the connotative indications of meanings extracted from the Holy Quranic text-based samples.

The research discussed the following axes. The first axis referred to the definition of the term standards of behavior in the vision of research, while the second axis illustrated the importance of the value of courage in the life of the pre-Islamic man. The third axis presented the standards of behavior in the scene of preparation and preparation for war and fighting was addressed.The fourth axis examined the standards of behavior in the scene of fighting. The battle intensified, and finally, the research on the fifth axis examined the standards of behavior in the battle scene.

Text linguistics is one of the language branches. It is a scientific branch and a new field among the other knowledge fields. It has become an indispensable branch in the field of modern linguistic studies and it came to be a support or an alternative for former linguistic methods in order to complete what these studies have neglected or failed to fulfill. Accordingly, linguistic studies were moved from sentence linguistics to text linguistics. This branch of science was capable of combining linguistic and non-linguistic elements to explain the speech or the text. That made us realize the dimension of this science where many other overlapping and intertwined sciences entered into its methods.
It was affirmed that linguists and rhetoricians have realized the multiple sides connected to text cohesion; either in from or sematics indication. Additionally, the interpreters of Quran, who understood the Quranic text (more than others), have realized that the grammatical rule exceed the sentence to the text or the speech and its function in revealing the meaning. This trend has led to think that these studies did not stand at the border of the sentence, but exceed that to the connectivity and texture among more than one sentence ; the text . yet there has been no complete theory to treat the text as an integrated unit.

The research centered on the silence about him and the conscience in the poetry of modern-day jurists, and the other woman was a choice to reveal that conscience, and the hidden meaning in those poetic texts.
The importance of research lies in its tracking, it's monitoring of what the research centered on the silence about him and the Implicit in the poetry of modern-day jurists, and the other/woman was a choice to reveal that, and the hidden meaning in those poetic texts. Masculine and curated culture has said, and echoed by those elected texts in its conscience. The study revealed a conflict between the ego as a center, an actor, and the other as a margin and an emotive, so the female had a deviant mind, and an erotic sexual bod, and associated with the animal body, referring to dispose of and expelling it from the human axis to fall into the category of marginalized and exile, this is what the research tried to revealing in The conscience.

The study of Ottoman-Iranian relations is very difficult, because the two countries are basically two political circles formed as a result of the immersion of multiple political configurations, both geographically and ethnically. At the beginning of the modern era, they reached the extent of their expansion, where their circles were close to each other until the conflict erupted between them on areas rich in economic wealth, or on areas that are strategic crossings between East and West, which made each circle overwhelm each other depending on the circumstances of power And weakness over a long time.
The colonialism of the Ottoman and Iranian states was also an important cause of the military clashes between them, which led to the conclusion of many treaties and protocols for reconciliation between them, under direct and influential pressure from the two competing states over the Qajar sovereignty, Russia and Britain, due to the wide scope of their influence. As well as their common interests in each of the Ottoman and Qajar states. These protocols, which have been overturned by the Qajar state, undoubtedly explained their tendency to seize and expand whenever the opportunity arises.
The importance of this research is that it sheds light on an important historical era in which the two countries concluded treaties and conventions that caused Iraq many of the border problems with the Persians and the Turks later, because he inherited a heavy legacy of problems. In addition to foreign interventions in crystallizing the events of this stage of political interactions and economic change in the relationships between the two countries, especially in the second half of the nineteenth century.

Scientists have taken care of ancient and modern Holy Quran any attention, and read it and reading and reading and interpretation and teaching and education and the magic of the extraction of the treasures of his treasures.
Among the sciences that I have been interested in are: the science of directing Quranic readings, and their protestations, as it is one of the most important sciences that influenced the meanings of the verses of the Book, and refuted the prophecies of the enemies that provoked him about his writing and readings.
Among the scholars who have taken care of directing Qur'aan readings in their various categories is one of the flags of Arabia and its legends: Abu Ubaydah Mu'ammar ibn al-Muthanna, in his book entitled The Miracles of the Holy Quran, where he took care of quoting Qur'aanic readings, And morphological, and rhetorical, without exaggeration in the mention of the causes of reading and face.
Abu Obeida Muammar bin Muthanna is one of the first scholars investigating the arts of Arabic language and literature, and editing their meanings and methods, and occupies his book metaphor of the Koran ranked first in the literature that meant the strangest Koran, and the meaning of the meanings and methods of Arabic,
The first subject of the study was to talk about Abu Ubaidah and his book summarizing the Quran in short, his name, his ratios and his craft, his birth and death, his scientific life and his most famous works.
The study discussed the second concept of the guidance of the Quranic readings and the principles of Abu Ubaida's approach in directing the readings through his metaphor. He drew the Quranic recitations in the languages of the Arabs and their dialects, the knowledge of exchange, and the manner of expression and eloquence.

The classes of ancient Egyptian society played an important role, depending on the many historical moments on the political, religious, economic and social levels. Egyptian society is almost unique to the rest of the societies of the old Near East with the presence of an actor of dwarves in the life of its society, as well as the synergy of these houses with slaves, whether slaves prisoners of war or slaves of purchase. In this study, the developments that have occurred on the structure of Egyptian society during its many historical periods were traced, and the role of both dwarfs and slaves as a social segment of the old Egyptian society was followed up. In addition, the present research focused on studying the origins of these segments and the political, social and religious roles played by dwarfs and slaves, especially after the numbers of both slaves and dwarfs have increased.

The research deals with the phenomenon of bullying in Japanese schools, and the possibility of knowing the factors and reasons for its emergence, and then to see their characteristics and methods used by the Japanese Ministry of Education to address and reduce its spread. In addition, the study explains the dangers and implications of this phenomenon on education and on Japanese society; after the mid-1970s, when Japan began to enter an era of economic stagnation. Essentially, the researcher tried to take advantage of the lessons and methods used by the Japanese to address the phenomenon of bullying in their schools, and manipulate them to face the same phenomenon experienced in Iraq schools in particular and in other Arab countries schools in general.

Iran's attempts to build a nuclear program to possess peaceful energy collided with great international obstacles. This led to the Iranian nuclear file to impose itself as a hot file on the international scene. This led to stir a set of divergent reactions for many regional and international powers, especially the USA as well as states of the Middle East in general and the Arab Gulf states, in particular which considered the programme as one of the most important dangers that threatens the Arabian Gulf.
On top of these countries is Kuwait, which its main wealth depends on oil. In addition to social and security danger of that programme, Kuwait is aware that the development of Iran's nuclear capability has a very important factor, which threatens the stability of that region. The Iran’s nuclear programme is highly mysterious, and its concequences in the short or long term cannot be expected. Thus, Kuwait has taken a position to meet with the European attitude in this regard.

The study of demographic dimensions is one of the most important geomedical research areas. Therefore this study dealt with the demographic dimensions of those with some of the most prevalent transitional diseases among children in Basra Governorate, to determine the pattern of demographic trend of diseases according to the statistics of the health department in the governorate. It was found that the diseases under study affect both sexes. Concerning the two diseases: pneumonia and chickenpox, the readiness to have two diseases was the same for both sexes with a slight superiority of the number of infected males over females, and statistically there were no fundamental differences between males and females, but in mumps disease, males were more likely to be affected by the incidence of the disease in terms of the calculated value of the Kay square. There was a fundamental difference between the two types. As for the age structure of the injured sample, it was found that the two age groups (less than a year) and (1-4 years) slightly outperformed the category (5-14 years) by the number of people with pneumonia, and that there were no fundamental differences between the groups, on the contrary of the two diseases: chickenpox and mumps. The age group (5-14 years) was one of the age groups most susceptible to infection with both diseases, in terms of the calculated value of Kay calculated square, which showed that there were significant differences between the groups.

The Tabatabaei mark establishes his conception of the reality of monotheism and its nature, on the origins and buildings of transcendent wisdom. Wisdom and the secret behind it may be caused by confusion between assets and not paying attention to them, or his reason for confirming some of the demands.
The ultimate goal that philosophical research seeks is to establish the obligation of existence, and to know its characteristics and actions. Hence all the philosophical issues mentioned have been tantamount to introductions to this transcendent purpose. For that purpose, the last mark is spoken of it to an independent stage, although it must be in the fourth stage in the place of talking about the obligatory existence and the possibility and their characteristics. There was the mark contented with mentioning the potential existence and its characteristics without exposure to the characteristics of the obligatory existence. Therefore, delaying the conversation about the obligatory existence and its attributes and its actions was for this reason.