Journal of Kerbala University

In this research, the Gold Nanoparticles (AuNPs) in size of 14-38 nm were prepared from AuCl3 using CDs solution as a reducing agent. The CDs capability for direct reduction of gold ions to elemental gold (Au0) without additional reducing and stabilizing agents was investigated. The catalytic activity of nanoparticles in the hydrogenation reaction of 2-nitroaniline was determined. The results show that the nanoparticles had high catalytic activity in the sodium borohydride-mediated hydrogenation of nitroaromatic compounds

1,2,3-Triazoles based on carbohydrates have become a promising class of compounds due to their miscellaneous chemical characteristics and their medical applications. A diverse range of carbohydrate scaffolds, such as ribose, glucose, mannose, and galactose, have been employed as precursors to produce a broad spectrum of 1,2,3-triazole derivatives that exhibit improved bioactivity and pharmacokinetic properties. Recent developments in the synthesis and anticancer activity of these derivatives are highlighted in this review. The copper(I)-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC) reaction, which is commonly catalyzed by copper(I) to produce carbohydrate-based 1,2,3-triazoles, providing facile access to structurally diverse to derivatives with a variety of structural properties is also covered. The review also focused on the synthesis of some important sugar-derived azides and terminal alkynes.

The therapeutic dose of the drug mebetalin was used at a dose of 135 mg which is a drug described as antispasmodic and convulsive, as well as directly relaxes the smooth muscles in the gastrointestinal tract relieving the pain of contractions in it, 10 pregnant white rats belonging to the type of Rattus rattus which were distributed into two sets with five pregnant rats for each of them: the first five pregnant females were treated with distilled water only and were left as control animals, while the other five pregnant rats were injected intraperitoneally with the mebetalin drug from the third day until the twentieth day of gestation at the rate of one dose per day, on the twentieth day of gestation the animals were injected with the last dose in the morning and then in the evening the female rats were dissected after anesthesia after that the horns of the uterus and the embryos inside it were extracted and their body weights of embryos and the placenta were measured and the skeletal deformities of these embryos were also studied after their skeletons were clearing.
The results of present study pointed to that the uterine horns of pregnant rats that were treated with mebetalin suffered from pathological and abnormal signs of the uterine horns which were characterized by a small number of embryos and their heterogeneous distribution and the absorption of some embryos for twenty days of gestation compared with cinical signs of uterine horns and the embryos for twenty days of gestation in control set .

To detect the prevalence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa from different stages of ear infections and to study some of the virulence factors possessed by this bacterium, 110 swabs from ear infections were collected and cultured on blood agar, MacConkey agar and cetrimide agar plates media. The plates were incubated for 24 to 48 hours at 37°C, and growth was determined using these media. The microbial isolates were differentiated using a variety of biochemical techniques. The common isolates identified using standard bacteriological methods namely morphology, colony characteristics and biochemical tests. The results showed that 30.93% (30/97) were Pseudomonas aeruginosa, with other 69.07% (67/97) isolates belonging to various microbial genera. Pseudomonas aeruginosa was Gram-negative, showed hemolysis upon blood agar, and were motile. Biochemical assays revealed that each isolate were positive for catalase, oxidase, citrate, and indole. The results were confirmed using VITEK 2 system and the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to investigate the 16srRNA gene. PCR results revealed that 100% of the isolates possessed this gene with a size of 956 base pairs. Pseudomonas aeruginosa was also investigated for some virulence factors, the results indicated that all isolates 100% produced hemolysin, whereas 76.66% (23/30) were positive for protease qualitative assay, 80% (24/30) of the isolates produced pyocyanin pigment.

The human face contains a wealth of information that is influenced by genetics. Family members often share common facial characteristics due to their shared genetic makeup. By comparing the facial features of individuals, forensic investigators can examine the degree of similarity and infer their kinship. Kinship verification provides a powerful tool in forensic investigations, contributing to the resolution of missing person cases, social media analysis, genealogy research, and historical study. The research problem is verifying if two people have a kinship by analyzing two face images together, extracting the relationship features between them, and then determining if they have Kin or not. A Kinship Verification model is proposed using a three-Dimensional Convolutional Neural Network. This work consists of the following stages: the preprocessing stage and the kinship verification stage, and each stage includes multiple steps that perform different functions. In the preprocessing stage, the input images are prepared to be suitable for deep neural network model by extract ROI, scaling, and normalizing them. The kinship verification stage is implemented to provide the kinship decision in two steps: the feature extraction step and then classification step to decide on those images: kin or not. Extensive experiments revealed promising results compared with many state-of-the-art approaches. The accuracy of the proposed system reached 92.25% in the KinFaceW-I dataset and 95.25%in the KinFaeW-II dataset

In the digital era, protecting confidential information from unauthorized access is crucial. Information can be represented through a variety of communicative media, including text, video, audio, and images, with text being the most common. Traditional methods require carriers to disguise secret information, leading to carrier modifications which are challenging to avoid steganalysis. In contrast, coverless information hiding does not modify the carrier and transfers Secret message directly via the stego cover’s built-in attributes. The most crucial positive significance for the development of coverless information hiding technology is based on the Chinese mathematical phrase. The primary goal of this review is to examine the most recent findings in the fields of coverless hiding, development approaches, selected datasets, metrics of performance, and issues of hiding applications in English, Chinese, and other languages. The findings demonstrate that researchers have considered the Keywords and tags, approaches while the approach-based Markov model is mainly used with the English language. Additionally, the study reveals that hiding capacity, success rate, and security analysis metrics are the most common metrics used to evaluate coverless information hiding performance. As a final point, the unresolved issues and potential future directions are addressed to improve hiding capacity and algorithm efficiency, embed and extract information correctly, and extend these techniques to other languages

Gender prediction involves the detection of an individual\'s gender by facial features analysis. The growth of applications that require facial recognition has created an urgent need for such techniques for security and commer-cial rationales. Gender identification via facial recognition has received great interest among researchers, as well as various techniques used in the field of artificial intelligence and machine learning, with a particular focus on the use of convolutional neural networks (CNNs) for gender classification tasks. This paper proposes an excellent convolutional neural network (CNN) architecture for gender identification based on facial features. The model is trained and evaluated using a dataset sourced from Kaggle. In addition to the suggested Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) model, the performance of a pre-trained MobileNetV2 model and InceptionV3 model is evaluated on the same dataset. The CNN model achieved a commendable accuracy rate of 96.28%, while the MobileNetV2 and InceptionV3 models achieved 95.81% and 97.09%, respec-tively. The k-fold cross-validation is occupied for the CNN model as a trial for enhancing the accuracy rate to achieve 97.75% accuracy.

Cytomegalovirus (CMV), also recognized as human herpesvirus 5 (HHV-5), is prevalent within the herpesvirus family. The majority of CMV infections exhibit either no symptoms or mild flu-like manifestations, complicating its detection and often resulting in undetected infections. CMV infections can have serious consequences for certain populations, including newborns and individuals with weakened immune systems.
This study sought to elucidate the associations between human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) and the frequency of miscarriages as well as the gestational age at which pregnancy loss occurs among expectant mothers.
In this study, 150 samples were analyzed, comprising women who had experienced recurrent miscarriage (100 samples) and a control group (50 samples), recruited from the Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital in Karbala, Iraq. The age range of participants varied from 15 to 50 years old. Sample collection occurred between December 2022 and February 2023, focusing on placental specimens.In this investigation, scholars employed the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software, version 28.0 developed by IBM in Chicago, Illinois, USA.
A study was revealed HCMV DNA presence in 28 samples (18.67%), including both miscarriage patients and healthy pregnant women.A statistically significant correlation was observed between HCMV and various factors: the number of abortions, the week of abortion, and maternal age categories (35-44), (25-34), (15-24) (P < 0.01, P < 0.05) respectively. However, no significant correlation was found between recurrent miscarriage and the number of abortions, the week of abortion, and maternal age (45-54 years).Furthermore, there was no significant correlation between the number of participants and the control maternal age

Background
The prediction of treatment outcome in patients with advanced breast cancer remains a challenge. Even within the same stage, survival and response vary, so the goal of this study was to evaluate the prognostic value of systemic inflammatory markers available in the general laboratory including: C-reactive protein, D-dimer, Procalcitonin and Erythrocyte sedimentation rate in patients with breast cancer.
Methods:
Retrospective cohort study carried out between January 1, 2022 and May 31, 2023 with a total of 98 patients with different stages of breast cancer. From which the levels of the inflammatory markers C-reactive protein, D-dimer, Procalcitonin and Erythrocyte sedimentation rate were obtained prior to the first line ofchemotherapy, the study evaluates the correlation of basal levels and their variation with the response to treatment, the value of CRP and ESR in prognosis was also assessed.
Results:
Ninghty eight patients with a mean age of 55 years (SD ± 12) were included; 70% were women, 83% had adenocarcinoma, 47% had more than two organs involved by metastasis and 89% had an IK > 70%. At the start of chemotherapy, 52%, 43%, 53% and 34% had abnormal levels of PC, DD, ESR and CRP, respectively. Patients with low ESR (p = 0.004), high DD (p = 0.012) and abnormal CRP (p = 0.040) had a worse overall response rate to first line chemotherapy.
Conclusions: CRP and Procalcitonin levels are independent prognostic factors for survival in patients with advanced breast cancer receiving chemotherapy

Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic condition affecting 1 out of every 11 people worldwide. Diabetic foot ulcer is one of the major consequences of diabetes, causing considerable socioeconomic and health problems. The influence of diabetes on hematological markers has been evaluated with challenged results. However, Hematological parameters may not be regularly used as laboratory diagnostic biomarkers to monitor diabetes and its consequences. Objective: to investigate the effect of DM on the hematological parameters and the diagnostic capability of discriminating such medical conditions. Method: Prospective case-control study of 49 healthy control and 98 diabetic patients (49 without diabetic foot ulcer- 49 with diabetic foot ulcer) were included. Age and sex were matched among the three studied groups. Blood sample was collected from each subject and used for complete blood count and its analysis. Result: The ratio of Male to Female was (88/59=1.49). Most of the patients were in the 5th and 6th decades among three studied groups. A significant difference in the mean level of Hemoglobin (HB), Red Blood Cell (RBC), Total White Blood Cell (WBC), Neutrophils, Lymphocytes, Platelets, Neutrophils Lymphocyte Ratio (NLR), Platelets Lymphocyte Ratio (PLR), and Platelets Neutrophils Ratio (PNR) among the three studied groups was observed. The Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve analysis documented that PLR had good discrimination power between DFU and Healthy subjects (AUC=0.814) in addition to NLR (AUC=0.802). Conclusions: PLR is simple, inexpensive, and is a useful marker for discrimination between DFU and healthy control.