journal port science research

The research aims to identify and analyze the concentration of drug users, pinpoint areas with high levels of criminal activities, understand the work environments of criminals, and determine their motivations. The study focused on the city of Baghdad, covering both the Karkh and Rusafa sides of the Tigris River, with a particular emphasis on the Rusafa side. Data from the ten months of 2022 was used to analyze drug dealers and users. The study utilized Global Positioning System (GPS) devices to geographically locate the samples, and the GIS V10.4 software was employed for data storage, processing, and analysis, along with various statistical analysis tools. The research identified hotspots of drug user prevalence based on statistical methods and theories, distinguishing the most influential hotspots and the least influential cold spots. Notable hotspots included Sadr City, Al-Shaab, Al-Kifah, Al-Fadl, New Baghdad, Municipalities, and Al-Obeidi, predominantly in the Rusafa side, encompassing slum areas and transgressions. An important aspect of the study was the creation of various spatial analysis maps, aiding decision-makers in implementing suitable measures for controlling and detecting drug users early.

A field and laboratory study was conducted for soil samples in citrus orchards in the Muqdadiya region - Diyala province in year 2021, for three depths (3, 5, and 7) cm, to detect overwintering peach fruit fly pupae Bactrocera zonata (Saunders) its infecting by Beauveria bassiana (Bals) Vuill. . The results showed that inverse (negative) correlation between the rates of the numbers of fungal colonies and the different soil depths, as the correlation value was (-0.906).

The research delves into Iraq's escalating sand and dust storms, primarily linked to dwindling vegetation and desertification. Its focus lies in understanding, analyzing, and offering solutions for these environmental occurrences. Notably, it emphasizes the efficacy of programs increasing vegetation and controlling desertification in reducing storm frequency. Utilizing a comparative analysis drawn from diverse data sources, the paper scrutinizes the causes, impacts (ranging from environmental to economic and health effects), and proposes various strategies. These include implementing enhanced monitoring systems, effective land-use management, and promoting public awareness campaigns. Ultimately, the paper stands as a vital resource for policymakers, researchers, and practitioners seeking to grapple with the challenges posed by these storms in Iraq. Its comprehensive insights serve to aid in decision-making and formulation of strategies to mitigate the detrimental effects of sand and dust storms in the region.

Disasters lead to many violent strikes in terms of material, human and humanitarian losses, and destruction of property and infrastructure of the state. The term "emergency management" refers to a diverse range of activities. The primary responsibility for disaster response rests with the government at all levels (Peiris P. S. H. 2020, Opadey. 2021). Disaster management is still limited in Iraq, as long as necessary are in place to warn of these disasters. Therefore, we will use in this prepare the Remote Sensing (RS) and Geographic Information System (GIS) to mitigate disasters effects and focus on sandstorm, landslides also study prediction and prepare the prediction and GIS earthquake of east of Iraq. The Risk management systems are useful and effective tools for disaster management in Iraq and by using database on expected disaster for future. The future is to forecast, reduce damage, and assess the severity of these disasters. This essay will list emergency management initiatives and explain how geographic information systems can be used (GIS) and Remote System (RS) technologies play a critically important role in mitigating disasters.

Abstract Lot devices like connected sensors, lighting, and meters are used in smart cities to collect and analyze data. The cities utilize this information to enhance their infrastructure, public services, and more. A public/private infrastructure must be established in order to execute operations and supply the technologies necessary to protect and secure citizens in order to maintain a secure smart safe city. This contains the following three essential actions: 1) Shared intelligence, communications, and situational awareness. The Internet of Things (IoT) is essentially a network that connects electronic gadgets to the internet, enabling seamless network communication between them. Security is an important issue in the IoT environment, where the protection of data is an urgent process. Every object will be connected to the internet and these objects communicate between each other. Therefore, a new security and privacy problems will appear. This paper introduces several security concepts on each IoT layer. Additionally, illustrates the security goals, challenges and security methods in each layer. Finally, this paper will develop a secure Smart city through improving the IoT layers security.

Abstract The ground of Remote Sensing and Geographical Information System (GIS) has become interesting and attractive with expanding opportunities. It provides critical tools that can be used at various levels to guide decision-making toward long-term sustainability, which in this paper, remote sensing application has used in GIS various fields. These fields such as urban plan city, education, economic development, and natural resource conservation. GIS and remote sensing technology have seen rapid growth over the last decade. This paper presents the most commonly used processing procedures for remotely sensed data, specifically image processing algorithms, as well as the application capabilities of GIS technologies. A study was conducted for the purpose of identify and mapping the temporal variability of land cover types prevalent in Baghdad Governorate using remote sensing and GIS techniques. Because of classified urban areas has increased continuously with time of the shortage and other factors in the category of water bodies over time. For this reason, we first presented processing procedures for remotely sensed data, specifically image processing techniques, as well as the application capabilities of GIS technologies. to reach the develop urban area, given green belt around Baghdad as result, second put the steps of the of urban area plan as show in Figure 1.

Abstract The research discusses the substantial influence of databases in smart cities, affecting various facets and people's lives. It emphasizes the impact on Information Technology (IT) spending and database features, allowing access from anywhere at any time. Key elements crucial for smart city implementation include sustainability, adaptability, governance, improved living conditions, resource management, and city amenities. The research highlights defined components of smart cities and their applications, such as healthcare, mass transit, education, and energy services. It also focuses on how integrating Geographic Information Systems (GIS) aids decision-making. The study emphasizes the use of cloud computing for smart city database systems, outlining its benefits in data collection, storage, and analysis across various cloud nodes and facilities. It also highlights industries such as health insurance, public transportation, smart buildings, and energy that benefit from these technologies in decision-making processes. The paper's objective is to review database applications in smart cities and explore the potential use of big data..

The use of technological inputs in collecting, storing, retrieving, displaying, manipulating, managing, and analyzing spatial information is referred to as location information system technology. It combines Remote Sensing, Geographical Information Systems, Digital Cartography, and Database Management Systems. Mapping all types of data is very important for security risk and battle filed management. The concentration will be on two fields. The first one is Security monitoring and Sensors Network applications that required the assistance with Geographical Information System (GIS). Offering the ability to modify the spatial and time data of this paper we will focus on the security risk surveillance, in accordance with GIS map elements.
The second filed is the Military assets that use GIS for a variety of purposes such as cartography and intelligence. This paper will focus on battle field management, landscape analysis, military installation management, and other topics. Interpreting, and visualizing the data that comes from those remote sensors

GIS science is considered one of the modern sciences that intertwine with various disciplines and scientific branches in order to solve or present a specific problem. Understanding the wider picture of public health has been greatly aided by the development of Medical GIS. In this paper, the spatial analysis of GIS was used to prepare maps for the distribution of the number of cancer cases in some central and southern governorates of Iraq for several years. It was clearly noted that most of the injuries are in southern Iraq. In this paper was used the Arc-GIS software V. 10.3 and data collected by the ministry of health department of statistics were used.

The research paper's objective is to develop an automated system that uses high-resolution aerial images captured by Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) to accurately detect and analyze tree crowns on the Baghdad University campus. This analysis of tree crowns is crucial for assessing vegetation health and distribution in urban areas, with applications in urban planning, ecology, and environmental studies. The proposed system utilizes computer vision and machine learning techniques to detect and delineate tree crowns, facilitating objective analysis of tree canopy coverage. The study employed a Phantom Four drone flying at a height of 55 meters with an 80% overlap in image coverage. Ground control points were established using the Topcon_HIPER2 device and Static GPS Surveying Techniques. The flight plan was designed with PIX4Dcapture software, and the resulting ortho-map had a 2 cm resolution. The research used the YOLOv3 artificial intelligence technique for tree detection after training a customized dataset. The model achieved impressive performance metrics, including a low loss function value of 0.023, a high SDC value of 0.984, and a robust Jaccard Index value of 0.943.

Climate change is widely acknowledged as a major global challenge with serious environmental, economic, and social repercussions. Iraq is ranked as the world's fifth greatest vulnerable country. The country is facing serious challenges, such as rising temperatures, decreasing rainfall, alkalinity, and the latest dust storms. Given this, combating climate change is an urgent and profound task for Iraq, a complex and difficult mission that will span several generations. To confront the challenge of climate change, a comprehensive climate change mitigation and adaptation framework covering as many climate-related topics as possible and connecting as many interested parties as possible across Iraq is required. It is critical to weather patterns topics such as climate-induced impact assessment, environmental vulnerability, and adaptability and sequels, climate change. Our objective use remote sensing and GIS are to mitigation and adaptation strategies to hold the sustainable weather and an improved understanding of climate, climate-related impacts, and remedies.

Abstract The research aims to assess the role of human capital (knowledge, training, capacities) and its reflection on enhancing security crises management (damage containment, recovery and learning). The sample was chosen from the leaderships at the Ministry of Interior(MOI)/Administrative and Financial Affairs Agency .The sample size was (160) and the total research community reached (230), distributed between (General Director, Directorate Director, Department Director), and for the purpose of achieving the objectives of the research, the descriptive analytical method was used, and the questionnaire was the main tool for data collection, and the conclusions were drawn from its analysis through the analytical method and statistical programs, as the dimensions of human capital have achieved paths of direct and moral impact in the security crises management .This requires paying attention to the human capital working in the agency’s formations. As well as many recommendations were presented the most important of them was the necessity of MOI /Administrative and Financial Affairs Agency focusing on the quality of human capital, for the purpose of maintaining a good relationship, especially in the security crises management.

The complexity of our way of life has increased due to the numerous parts of life developing quickly, which results in ongoing issues. To address these issues and respond to these rapid changes in the environment, solutions that were practical, quick, and easy to implement were needed. The use of geographic information tools, a contemporary innovation, allows for the implementation of difficult issues by enhancing users' abilities to comprehend problems thoroughly through the analysis of spatial data and the creation of digital maps. This allows decision-makers to save time, effort, and money by making informed choices that will result in the best possible solution to the issue at hand. In addition to a significant urban expansion, an increase in the number of people using vehicles, and a significant emigration of people from rural and small towns, the traffic jams that have recently engulfed much of the world, particularly in the major capitals and cities, are a result of these factors for transportation, have contributed to a complex problem in modern times. The goal of this study is to examine proposed elements and gauge their impact on the issue of traffic bottlenecks. It then suggests both long- and short-term remedies for this issue based on the study's findings, which are generally not found in the pertinent departments. In order to create a unique surface for these components and provide a comprehensive picture of the research region, it also makes satellite photos of the area available. geographical database for each of them, evaluate each layer's influence on the traffic jam independently by analyzing it, and then merge these levels to create full map that shows their location and the extent to which they affect the study problems. This process was done in order to arrive at the aforementioned solution.

The cultivation of wheat and barley crops is one of the most important crops cultivated in Iraq, which contributes to the economic and social development in the country. Iraq seeks to adopt economic policies aimed at cultivating the two crops and undermining their import with the aim of self-sufficiency in them. The current study relied on studying the spatial distribution of the two crops in Nimrud sub-district and the possibility of distinguishing between them by remote sensing data, where a landsat 8 images acquired on March 5, 2020 were used, then a digital processing was performed on them. The spectral signature of the two crops was measured, the NDVI was calculated, then the supervised classification was performed by (ILWIS) program. The results showed the appropriateness of choosing the satellite image in March, which is the season for planting these two crops, as they constitute the two main crops in this period before planting other summer agricultural crops, which helped in identifying and distinguishing the two crops. The results also showed that the wheat crop is predominantly cultivated in the region, with an area of (271,797) km2, while the area of land cultivated with barley was small, with an area of (7,303) km2.

Abstract The economic blockade and wars in Al-Iraq have had significant negative impacts on the quality of life for the population, including harm to the historical and cultural foundations of cities and difficulties in finding adequate housing. Challenges in urban development are exacerbated by political polarization and a lack of legal frameworks, and much of the country's land is devoted to resource extraction. In the aftermath of conflict, there is a need to rebuild metropolitan areas and create comfortable living spaces utilizing technology like GIS, GPS, and remote sensing to create smart cities. Iraq's urbanization is expected to increase rapidly over the next several decades, presenting significant challenges related to pollution, inadequate water and energy resources, and waste management infrastructure. The Al-Rashid camp in Baghdad offers potential for smart city development while preserving its historical character and civilization, but has been neglected by the Iraqi state. To promote development in this area, it is essential to prioritize smart technologies and consider their integration with the region's natural features.