ADAB AL-BASRAH

The first edition of the novel “Al-Taliani" by the Tunisian writer and critic Shokry Al-Mabkhout was published in 2014 by Dar AL-Tanweer Publishing Inc. It included 344 pig-sezed pages which were based on language as a communication means and pictures as visual means. This study is an attempt to analyse how the semantic mechanisms function within the novel, from a semiological point of view, and to highlight how semantic mechanisims arise. That is, it explains how these mechanisms could be identified and could interact with the contexts in which they are found. The study also tries to answer question, such as what the appearances that a human may take on as life ends, how the phrases take on forms, values and traditions intuitive in society, and how these forms seep into the individual's mind to control the way he organizes his surroundings according to new relationships and laws.
Finally, the study clarifies how the perceptual experience of the agent - the self, as a mediator, interact with the other individual as an opposite or auxiliary factor, and with the reality that the language depicts in snapshots and directs its interpretation. The present study was based on the novel's semiological analysis, through the following elements: The external and internal description of the novel, reading in the title: "Al-Talian,” narrative text - an analytical study, narration from a semiotic point of view in the novel, textual structures in the novel, the graphic space of the novel, and conclusion and installation

Language and its relation to gender have attracted the attention of many sociolinguists. Much of the research that has been done in this area indicates that men and women do not differ only biologically but also linguistically. Unfortunately, the number of studies conducted in the Arab world in general and Syria in particular regarding this issue is so limited. For this reason, gender and its influence as a social and cultural constructed element on the verbal behaviors of female and male main characters in the social realistic TV series: جلسات نسائية ''Jalsat Nesaiah''has been considered and discussed. To conduct the study, R. Lakoff's (1975), Holmes' (1998), and Coates' (1986-1996) ideas have been examined and the frequency of four grammatical items has been calculated to determine the presupposed differences between the two sexes. Our results have indicated that Adnan (man main character) used more questions and directives than Hala (woman main character); they have also shown that this female character used hedges more often than male characters. No great differences have been found in their usage of affirmatives. Moreover, our investigation has proved that the chosen characters' conversations are shaped by the context in which they function as man/woman, Syrian, and as unique personalities.
Key words: sociolinguistics, gender, sex, stereotype.

The attempt to trace the grammatical time in the Divan of the Resurrection puts the meeting in front of the temporal spaces that are almost continuous. The poet tried, through his divan which consisted of a long poem divided into four sections. Each section has a title of the head, branch, entrance and conclusion. It was also observed that the time or tenses change by the manipulation of actions and vocabulary items to reinforce the various clues that prevented the diwan from being divided into unrelated gaps. Although this division would confuse the readers at first, they quickly could gather their thoughts on the text, which was characterized in its general construction by a definite hierarchy. As for the artistic construction of the text from within, the poet used the techniques of the narrative text and technical mechanisms related to the poetry itself.

Internet-Mediated Communication (IMC) has entered a new era with the rise of emojis. These colourful signs are neither redundant nor decorative in nature. Instead, they possess a potential for affecting the final interpretation of the accompanying text. The current study probes the connectedness of emojis to textual exchanges in Telegram group chatting, namely the ostensible incongruity between text and emojis. It explores the influence that emojis posit on the user's intended meaning in Iraqi Telegram university chat group. Building on pragmatic, relevance-theoretic approach, data analysis was executed according to Yus's (2014) model, a version revised by Li and Yang (2018). The study addresses two research questions: (1) What kind of connection is there between text and emojis in Iraqi Telegram group chatting? and (2) What implications does the use of emojis have in Iraqi Telegram group chatting? The results the study came up with indicated that the apparent mismatch between text and emojis could be eliminated by marking a deeper meaning other than the one signaled by the surface meaning of the text. The results also showed that parallel emotion signal is the most significant function in the whole sample. The implication of this finding denotes that emojis were primarily utilized to convey a social meaning that is equivalent to the one depicted by facial expressions and body language in face-to-face conversations.

The novel “Asad Al-Basrah”, by Diaa Al-Jubaili, the Iraqi novelist. The novelist chose the theme of the diversity of the identity based on religious pluralism in this coastal city (Basrah), the social fabric of which reflects richness based on the coexistence of different religions sects and races. The novel focuses on three religions: Islam, Christianity (Armenian), and Judaism. The main character in the novel is the product of the marriage of his Armenian mother and his Jewish father, while a Muslim family adopted and the son. This narration overtly relies on three women who are the Jewish aunt, the Armenian aunt, and the adopting Muslim mother. The author clarified, through a group of techniques, the history of the diversity in Basrah through the formation of women within the narrative text and the way she has been portrayed for people within each religious and cultural affiliation.

The scholars’ attention from the past to the present has been directed to reveal the intentions of speakers, in which the holy Qura’n and the prophet sunnet had the major role for the sake of understanding of the abundant Islamic Sharia. With the evolution of studies that were enlisted under the term of (linguistics of text), intentionality has become an important standard among its seven standards. Thus, the present research specializes in the general hidden intentions in the poetry of Hashim Al-Refaei in terms of linguistics of text.

The think tanks are an important pillar of the renaissance of the super power. Therefore, they received great attention from those countries as they are the bridge between the academic word, on the one hand and the political world on the other hand. It gained the attention of Israelis politician. The Israeli government spends large amount of money on these Centres. This research tries to answer the following questions: what the thinktanks are, and when they have been originated, what their most important agendas and objectives are, how Israel was able to establish its own think tanks; and what role they played in developing and directing various policies inside and outside Israel. Additionally, in this research the Israeli think tanks and their impact on domestic and foreign policies and how these tanks contributed to Israel’s attempt to destroy the Arab countries were discussed. The research was divided into an introduction, two sections, and a conclusion. The first section dealt with the emergence of the think tanks. The second section dealt with the impact of these tanks on the Israeli policies, and how these tanks were financially supported, how they affected internal and foreign policy with regard to Arab countries. The research ended with a research conclusions.

Opening words: Think Tanks, USA, (Israel), Iraq, Institute for National Security, Studies Moshe Dayan Center.

There is no doubt that the linguistic debates are based on the interaction between the two sides of the speech (the addresser and the addressee). These debates have been considered as a dialogue exercise across a pilgrimage path. Thus, they were based on the questions of the grammarian Bashar Al-Andalusy and Al-Zubaidy Muhammad Ibn Al-Hasan Al-Nahawy Aby Bakr, Jalasah Al-Mansour Ibn Mohammad Ibn Aby Amer to Sa'id Ibn Aby Al-Hasan Analytical material upon which the strategies of speech in those debates were adopted. The study overtly presents a procedural work that can be useful in the analysis and dismantling of the corresponding speech far from the hypothetical example brought in the fluorescence of books and studies that dealt with the subject of discourse Analysis. Sa'ad Ibn Al-Hassan's debates were "exam-based debates," based on the accountability of the people of the charge and the prosecution.This was the case in the religious and creed debates the contents of which was leaked to the linguistic debates. It is based on revealing the rhetoric of linguistic addresses, and forced him to admit himself wrong. The debates in this case were not aimed at demonstrating the right and seeking seriousness, but seeking to overthrew the addressee through a question-and-answer approach that contributed to the diversification of its external structure.

The intellectual environment, from the sixth century until the ninth century AH, witnessed the emergence of a clear variable on the Salafi narration about the Husseinian revolution. Some of the historians of the Salafi intellectual approach went, during this period of time, to a direct and frank mistake to lmam AL-Hussein (peace be upon him) in his revolution and by religious and political influences

The research dealt with the biography of Dr. Mahmoud Ali Al-Daoud, a symbol of the contemporary Iraqi historical school. He represented an important scientific efforts in the field of Gulf studies that left a clear imprint in the educational process in Iraq. He was constantly stressing the importance of the Gulf’s role in Iraq and tried to draw the attention of the Iraqi government to the need for attention and influence in the Arab Gulf region not only through the theoretical side in its published research, studies and lectures on the region, but also on the practical side through his trip to the region in 1958 to study and investigate the facts about the Arab Gulf region and the ways to provide assistance to it that were suffering from it due to the isolation policy imposed by it. The research focused on the social life of Dr. Mahmoud Ali Al-Dawud from his birth in 1930 and his educational career in the educational and academic field until 1961 AD. It also addressed the early stages of his studies and his teaching in the Muthanna Secondary School in Mosul and his enrollment in the scientific mission to complete his postgraduate studies at three elite universities in the world; Johns Hopkins University, Harvard University and the University of London in addition to teaching at the House of Higher Teachers currently the Faculty of Education and the Faculty of Arts and Sciences at the University of Baghdad.

Two cores are selected in the Hareer region, in the north of Basrah city at the southern marshes: seventeen samples were collected in the core A whereas nineteen samples were collected in the core B. A total of 45 foraminiferal taxa belonging to 23 genera, 15 sub family, 15 family, 13 super family, and 3 sub orders were identified. The fauna was present in the sampling of both of the cores and recording the first time in my study. Based on the investigation of foraminifera in the study area, it is concluded that the environmental brackish shallow water deposits can be identified.

Medical Geography is concerned with studying the distribution of diseases, their prevalence and their spatial variation. Chronic diseases constitute a huge burden facing countries and societies, both developed and developing, as they are one of the most prevalent diseases which cause deaths in the world; therefore, the direction of the research was determined in the study of the spatial distribution of some chronic diseases in Basrah governorate, which included the study of five chronic diseases (diabetes, high blood pressure, heart disease, asthma, and cancer diseases), through a quantitative analysis of the spatial patterns of the spread of these diseases. The official, unpublished data for the injuries recorded in the Basrah Health Department for the year 2018 was relied on, and the results were presented in tabulated and cartographic methods, after processing the available data in statistical and computerized methods. The results of the research indicated that there is a spatial variation in terms of cases of some chronic diseases at the level of governorate districts, in addition to a direct relationship between the number of injured and the population, as cases of infection often rise in the main urban centers that are more densely populated, but this does not mean that there are some exceptions in the distribution of spatial patterns of some diseases at the place level due to several of environmental factors in the study area.

One of the most difficult philosophical issues for the human mind is the issue of the world’s existence and its occurrence because of its association with divine science, the abundance of gossip, doubts, inferences and proofs around it. Therefore, the minds are confused in arriving at a definitive proof of its solution, which was dealt with historically by Jews and Greece in the past and, then entered into Christian and Islamic religions in the Middle Ages until he surrounded with its questions the theologian the philosopher Musa bin Maimon with his intellectual skill to find a philosophical solution to it, and to say that the world occurred from absolute nothingness with his criticism of the speakers’ evidence in proving the occurrence of the world. The study explained his rejection of the philosophers who say the world’s feet, until the preponderance of Dauth on foot building on religious matters compatible with philosophical arguments, and then confirm the words that came on the tongue of the prophets, and also his mind about the inability to withstand the revelation and miracles.

One of the most difficult philosophical issues for the human mind is the issue of the world’s existence and its occurrence because of its association with divine science, the abundance of gossip, doubts, inferences and proofs around it. Therefore, the minds are confused in arriving at a definitive proof of its solution, which was dealt with historically by Jews and Greece in the past and, then entered into Christian and Islamic religions in the Middle Ages until he surrounded with its questions the theologian the philosopher Musa bin Maimon with his intellectual skill to find a philosophical solution to it, and to say that the world occurred from absolute nothingness with his criticism of the speakers’ evidence in proving the occurrence of the world. The study explained his rejection of the philosophers who say the world’s feet, until the preponderance of Dauth on foot building on religious matters compatible with philosophical arguments, and then confirm the words that came on the tongue of the prophets, and also his mind about the inability to withstand the revelation and miracles.

This research aims at identifying the level of use of Human Resources in the Central Library for social networks, in addition to the types of devices used for practice. The study also aims at specifying the places of use of social networks, the purpose of using human resources for these networks as well as diagnosing the positive and negative effects of social networks. The descriptive approach (case study) was adopted to accomplish the research. The research came out with a set of results, including: The social network WhatsApp got a high account medium in terms of use by human resources, where the arithmetic mean reached (2,945), while the social media network YouTube came in second place and an account average of (2,513) and occupied Facebook The third rank with an arithmetic mean of (2,067). As for the other networks, they have obtained unacceptable arithmetic circles .The mobile phone is the most important device used by human resources in the Central Library at the University of Basrah to access the Internet and use social networks as it is used by 98,62% of HR respondents, a the majority of respondents from human resources use social networks at home, where the house got a high rate of 98.94%, while the workplace has a percentage of using human resources for social networks in it at a rate of 22.97%, the use of social networks has been positive from the point of view of human resources in the Central Library at the University of Basra, as the average score was (2,472), which is an acceptable mean. The research recommended a set of recommendations, including: providing Internet service continuously in all divisions and units of the central library at the University of Basra, training human resources in the Central Library on the skills of optimal use of social networks, establishing official pages for communication between human resources in the Central Library.

The tremendous and accelerating developments in information and communication technology and the revolution they have brought about in the scientific community have led to multiple sources of information acquisition, and electronic information sources are among the most important of these sources in the educational process and scientific research. Therefore, it is necessary to know the reasons and obstacles of use in light of these accelerating changes in the library of The Private University of Kalamoon, and identify the types of information resources available in it, and the extent to which they meet the needs of students of the College of Business Administration, and to reveal the difficulties they face in using this type of source where the researcher used the field approach, and the questionnaire form as a tool to collect data on the topic of the research. The 125 questionnaires were used for students of the College of Business Administration in the third and fourth academic years only. Electronic information in the educational and research process, and accordingly, a set of proposals to make efforts have been developed by the Private Library in the University of Kalamoun, to provide students with access to electronic information sources of various kinds that meet their needs and work to provide training opportunities for the use of computers as well as electronic information sources by students and researchers to raise the level of library performance and the level of educational attainment required of the beneficiaries.

The tremendous and accelerating developments in information and communication technology and the revolution they have brought about in the scientific community have led to multiple sources of information acquisition, and electronic information sources are among the most important of these sources in the educational process and scientific research. Therefore, it is necessary to know the reasons and obstacles of use in light of these accelerating changes in the library of The Private University of Kalamoon, and identify the types of information resources available in it, and the extent to which they meet the needs of students of the College of Business Administration, and to reveal the difficulties they face in using this type of source where the researcher used the field approach, and the questionnaire form as a tool to collect data on the topic of the research. The 125 questionnaires were used for students of the College of Business Administration in the third and fourth academic years only. Electronic information in the educational and research process, and accordingly, a set of proposals to make efforts have been developed by the Private Library in the University of Kalamoun, to provide students with access to electronic information sources of various kinds that meet their needs and work to provide training opportunities for the use of computers as well as electronic information sources by students and researchers to raise the level of library performance and the level of educational attainment required of the beneficiaries.

Researching in the concept is one of the primary keys to comprehend the structure of the science of law, and perceive its problems, and how the concept can be established from epistemological view. Although the concept is the smallest unit of thought in the text, this research attempts to disconstruct the legal concept through dissolveing its cognitive fabric, depending on our studying and epistemological analysis. This research aimed to reveal the methods of the concept in the legal sciences through activating the tools of epistemological criticism. In fact, since the studies on such topics are very scarce, especially Arabic, various difficulties have emerged in this field. However, we endure the hardships of research. The present study included the following steps: First, the study explains the linguistic structure of the legal concept. Second, it investigates the logical structure of the concept, trying to generate a epistemological approach. This approach might clarify the effectiveness of the legal mind in constructing the concept. In the end, the study clarifies the nature of the concept's pragmatic structure.