Journal of Kerbala University

Camels are one of the important types of semi-ruminants in Iraq supporting people in arid and semiarid areas with beef and milk. Pneumonia is the second important disease in camel following skin affections in occurrence and economic significance. Consequently, this study aimed to focus on the causative agent of pneumonia in order to make programs of prevention and treatment especially with the emergence of antibiotic resistance. E.coli and Klebsiella pneumonia are the most common bacteria isolated from camels with pneumonia in Iraq. One of the principles used to control the antimicrobial susceptibility is to detect the species of the pathogen with molecular methods to make relation with others in Iraq and close countries. Phylogeny of E.coli and Klebsiella pneumonia has done to detect the relation of these strain with others detected in neighbor countries in which it was 99% relative of E.coli to those isolated in Egypt and it was 97% relative of Klebsiella to those isolated in India. This will be significant for future studies to identify the genes responsible for resistance in order to find useful drugs and vaccines. It is helpful to avoid dealing with countries having isolates different from those isolated in Iraq due to the wide variety between the phylogeny of their sequence especially Germany and China.

COVID-19 patients with comorbidities are associated with increased severity of lung injury, intensive care unit and mortality. These comorbidities are commonly hypertension and diabetes. This study investigated the immunological implications of COVID-19 in patients with hypertension and diabetes with the aim of detecting significant implications with the disease severity.Patients between 30 and 65 years, diagnosed as SARS-COV-2 infection admitted to Al-Hussein Teaching Hospital Kerbala, Iraq were recruited. Clinical symptoms were evaluated and laboratory measurement oftotal and differential leukocyte counts, serum levels of D-dimer, interleukin 6 and C-reactive proteinwere conducted.
A total of 150 admitted COVID-19 patients met criteria and were recruited. Evidence of neutrophilia with lymphopenia was observed in patients with comorbidity. Differential neutrophil percentage highest among those with both diabetes and hypertension i.e. 89.58±9.17 %followed by 78.81±9.93 % for diabetic group, then 62.24±14.42 % for hypertensive, and54.25±11.84 % for patients with no comorbidity. Differential lymphocyte percentagewas lowest among those with both diabetes and hypertension i.e. 2.47±1.24 % followed by 14.29±5.29 % for diabetic group, then 26.73±6.53 for hypertensive, and 33.14±9.35 % for patients with no comorbidity, with significant difference with the groups was observed (p < 0.05).Levels of D-dimer, IL-6 and C-reactive protein were significantly higher in patients with comorbidities compared to those without (p < 0.01). D-dimer and C-reactive protein levels were higher in diabetics, IL-6 inclined towards hypertensive.
The findings indicate significant immunological implications of the pre-existence of diabetes and hypertension among COVID-19 patients which include aggravation of COVID-19 associated immunopathies.

The present study was carried out to investigate the bacteria that cause diarrhea in children, as well as the virulence factors possessed by Escherichia coli isolated from the stool of sample children under 5 years of age with diarrhea. The bacterial isolates were diagnosed using the Vitek 2 system, then 40 E. coli isolates were subjected to molecular detection by PCR. The results showed that the incidence of diarrhea in males 46 (57.5%) was higher than that of females 34 (45%), and the statistical analysis showed that there was a significant difference between infected males and females (P = 0.02) . Molecular detection results showed that 20 (50%) of bacterial isolates carry genes (STX1, STX2, eae, bfpA), which belong to the pathotypes of E. coli that cause diarrhea (DEC), and that 10 (50%) are bacterial isolates Enteropathogenic EPEC, and 10 (50%) isolates carrying two genes together (STX1 & STX2) belong to the entero hemorrhagic EHEC, and it was noted that there was no clear significant difference between the two strains (P > 0.05). Eight of bacterial isolates (80) carrying the gene (eae) belonging to atypical enteropathogenic aEPEC, and two bacterial isolates (20%) carrying two genes together (eae & bfpA) belong to the typical enteropathogenic tEPEC. Statistical analysis showed that there was a significant difference between the two strains of these bacteria (P = 0.05) .

The gross morphological and histological structure of the proventriculus and gizzard in crow (Linnoecus Corvus) were the goal of the current study. Twenty adult birds were obtained from bird hunters in Diyala province and all birds were weighted, the mean total body weight was (206.818± 0.22) gm, and the mean total body weight of the stomach was 6.971± 0.33gm. The stomach of the Iraqi crow appeared as muscular organ divided into two parts glandular and muscular part that located in the left cranial of the coelomic cavity, while the proventriculus appeared as tubular in form.An internal surface of gizzard was connected with the small intestine through an opening as a slit.The mucus membrane of the gizzard has mucus folds with yellow in color The current study the histological description of the stomach in the Iraqi crow showed that the stomach consists of four layers (mucosa, submucosa, muscularis, and serosa). The mucosa consists of three layers. and there were many tubular glands present in submucosa lined by simple cuboidal epithelium.The muscular layer of stomach (proventiculus ) has two layers internal and external while the gizzard has four layers .the gastric gland present in submucosa.the muscular layer consist of two layers such as the proventiculus

The reagent of Azo compound Ethyl4-(5-acetyl-2,3,4-trihydroxyphenyl) diazenyl benzoate (EATDB), was prepared ,characterized, and examined by using UV-Vis., FT-IR, G.C/Mass spectrum, 1HNMR spectrum and 13C NMR. For a quick determination of Cr (III) ion employing (EATDB) as spectrophotometer reagent, which a sensitive and selective spectrophotometric approach is suggested. Chromium (III) and this reagent react instantly at (max=573nm) and pH= (8) to create prepull complexes with a mole ratio, Job\'s method and Mollard\'s method 1: 2 (Cr+3: EATDB) for Cr (III), the absorbance is stable for more than 24 hours. With molar absorptivity ( Ɛ) = (0.935x102 L/mol.cm and a limit of detection of 0.203 g/ml and a limit of quantification of 0.669 g/mL , Beer\'s law is observed in the range of (1-100) g/mL. The relative standard deviation was (0.742%). Chromium (III) in pharmaceuticals (drugs containing chromium and niacin) can be determined satisfactorily using this approach. The most interferences were brought on by Ni (II), Zn (II), Co (II), Fe (III), Pb (II), and Cd (II) and suitable masking agent were used.

Recently, serum, whole blood, and other body fluids or components were utilized as \"biomarkers\" to assess the levels of radioactive elements, including radon. When exposed to radioactivity, human cells\' structure, function, or both, are impacted. That way, various factors are considered when analyzing radioactivity\'s risk and safe rates.
The research project attempted to determine hazards for radon concentration in the human body, evaluate them between blood and serum samples, and link them to high blood pressure.
To determine the levels of radon, 40 human samples were taken. The total volunteers are 20, where it is ten healthy and others hypertension. Solid nuclear track detector CR-39 was utilized to record the radioactive values, while SPSS v 23 was used in statistical comparisons.
The findings demonstrated that blood samples from hypertension individuals had the greatest levels of radon concentrations, activity, and yearly effective dose with 12.19 Bq/m^3, 0.117Bq and 2.94 mSv/y respectively, compared to the rest of the samples. In contrast to the other samples, the healthy serum group had the greatest value of the work safety factor with (11.45*10-4).

Cyberbullying has become a severe problem as a result of the extensive use of social media platforms. It mainly refers to the act of utilizing digital methods to intentionally hurt, harass, or intimidate a person or group of people. Cyberbullying can take place on a variety of social media sites, including Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, and Snapchat. This form of bullying can have several negative impacts on individuals, including psychological distress, social isolation, academic problems, and even physical harm. In this study presents an approach for detecting cyberbullying on Twitter using graph mining and machine learning techniques. The study extract features of centrality measures in addition to the standard feature of texts TF.IDF and BOW. Machine learning algorithms are employed to train models for cyberbullying detection, supervised learning techniques. Where it trained using labeled data, Experiments on a large-scale dataset from Twitter were conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of the approach. The results showed that combining graph mining techniques with machine learning significantly improved the accuracy and efficiency of cyberbullying detection in Twitter. Specifically, when utilizing the Random Forest model with positive feature, we achieved a perfect accuracy rate of 0.98%.