AL-Qadisiya Journal

The subject of procedural protection of works has paramount importance for the owner of the intellectual output, the fact that that's creativity is part of his thinking and the translation of his abilities and mental talents, as well as that the progress of any people is now measured by the conclusion reached by this people of education, culture and the level of protection that is available for creative intellectual National has been through the international Confederation of Societies of Authors Charter about the importance of the role of creators of intellectual works by saying that the authors of literary, artistic and scientific works performing intellectually role senior prevail usefulness to all mankind, and rooted in time, affect the substantial growth in the development of civilization, and therefore the State to ensure that the largest of the author amount of protection, not a tribute to personal effort, but also taking into account also for the good of the community

Prepared byDr. Prof. Mohammed Ali Jassim Al-Asadi " Babel University –college of law "M. Alwia Jabar Sahib Al-Hilali " Qadisiya Univeristy –college of Medicine "The crime of contamination the water resources is taking for one of the environment crimes that happen continuously on one of the environmental elements , it has been increased this kind of crimes too much lately in Iraq , due to the crime of contamination the water resources is not individually , but it forms a international phenomena in most countries within Iraq , we have found it must support media or other methods to prevent this phenomena or at least decrease it , identify its aspects and punishments this what we have deal in two topics :We have concluded through the research " The crime of contamination the water resources " to some conclusions and suggestions stated here some as expanding the comparative legislations in crime of crime of contamination the water resources by mention different kinds waters , also it incriminates all behaviors aspect populate despite not state by legislations , and should state criminal penalties civil or managements , the nature of the funds and criminal penalties , but the last one in some legislations not significant or so tiny , some penalties as prison or fines or one of them , for the other penalties which are civil that impose on individuals as foundations which are ( compensations ) whether currency or materially , management penalties by closing the foundation , withdraw the certifications , managements fines , not exist claims before the courts regarding to the water pollutions whether because of unawareness of the citizen with gravity of this crime or fear of its impacts as responsibility of informing in addition to the seriousness of the general prosecutor in his role .

The convening of the International Entrepreneurship plays an important role in the development of countries as may conclude owners of foreign capital on the occasion of practicing an activity on the territory of a State does not belong to their nationality has been associated Consequently, some of the problems, most notably the conflict of laws or the problem of determining the applicable law as may be subject to this contract to multiple laws in a variety of hypotheses which is also alerted him to the researchers, they sought resettlement through the realization of the will of the law and focus on a particular home or subjected to a particular legal system which is something to turn other problems.This research is an attempt simple to solve those problems by seeking to identify a special concept for the convening of the international contract and discuss the fact that will affect the international construction contracts and disclosure and the possibility of making the contract held internationally, and the impact of the will of the parties law in resettlement and resolve conflicts of legislative jurisdiction in which order problems the legal regime governing the contract once proved his international status and the application of the general rules of international contracts, taking into account the special contract contracting rules and follow the will of the law and its impact on the link this international decade of the province of a particular country or a particular legal system, a statement and then a conclusion of law that must be applied by both succeeded those will the focus or failed...

The financial disclosure one of the means adopted by the legislature reports; to fight corruption and protect the public office of trafficking, and prevent conflicts of interest with it, and as a means of control on the money obtained in charge of extraordinary resources, and the importance of the issue objectively and the regulation of him without taking the hand procedural, and the fact that this crime has become a phenomenon, which requires clarification by focusing on investigative procedures and move the criminal case statement for the crime of omission financial disclosure and the competent authority, investigative procedures required by this crime and the decisions taken thereafter mechanism

The letter of bank guarantee of important banking operations in the trade on the domestic and international level, as this process is the establishment of a bank at the request of the client to undertake an independent undertaking to pay the value of the collateral to the beneficiary, and the increasing importance of this banking operation is the largest in the field of international trade, it has a great role in the provision of trust between the parties to the contractual relationship factor, as long as we in the framework of the international nature of the relationship, the problem of the on the applicable law are raised on this banking operation, so there are international rules to try to find a solution to this problem, which is all of the rules of the International Chamber of Commerce in Paris for a year 1992, and the rules of UNCITRAL in 1995, since the conventions a big role in the organization of a speech the bank guarantee in order to establish uniform rules applicable to this contract, also have a role in a statement applicable by law for these two, as was the codification of these rules in written form as bases complementary to the will of the Parties.

This research deals with juristic rules; The significance of the topic of juristic rules is no Secret to researcher since it enhances the juristic aptitude of learner and helps him also to join the university and graduate therefrom .In addition ,it facilitities the memorization and regulates juristic issues.I have tried my best in this research to comprehend juristic rules in and endeavored to classify and list them under proper headings .I then analyzed them and cited examples there for . In conclusion of my research I have recommended that it would be necessary to coordinate between the faculties of Sharia in Islamic World for studying juristic rules in different topics of Islamic jurisprudence in order that work will be systematic and to avoid repetition.

The evolution in the transportation and communication led to frequent trade and tourism growth and increasing intermarriage and mixing between the countries of the world, which resulted in the movement of individuals between these countries to practice the various manifestations activity, and helped these factors on the presence of foreign communities in more countries around the world, and what was minorsof these individuals so it was natural that there are a number of them in a country other than their nationality, which made more than law racing or contend for the rule of the legal relationship involving a foreign element as a minor party, so moving more legislation to protect these minors,and of being in a weak legal position does not allow them often because of their age or lack of experience by providing the necessary protection by choosing the law of duty on relations of which they are a party to enjoy as always continue.

In summary, the commercial operations carried out by individuals and businesses such as shipping companies, airlines, railroads and other companies, you need to organize and manage through an exchange of letters, telegrams and data, in particular if a company has several branches, and this data may relate to goods exported or imported, or about the nature of the business, or data on customers, etc. of issues related to business operations, and usually have to send this information and data through traditional means, which is characterized by cost, effort and take a long transmission time, and this does not fit with the nature of the business that needs speed in implementation of business processes, but the emergence of electronic means has become appropriate for the exchange of such information and data electronically, but begs the question, what is the position of legislation of electronic data interchange, and what are the possible means to send this information and data?

Gènes ou l'information génétique peuvent être considérés comme un livre contenant le passé et l'histoire humaine présente et même son avenir, il représente une divulgation génétique et donc doit se tourner vers les protéger, que l'infraction ne se limite pas à la personne physique ou le corps humain de la victime, mais aussi dépasser l'assaut dans la mesure où violer la vie privée de la victime il empiète sur sa vie privée et révéler les secrets et les mystères et les avantages et les inconvénients et l'ampleur des maladies génétiques peuvent lui causer des dommages en lui-même ou pour les autres, le droit de génétique ses informations humaine fait partie du droit à la vie privée et de l'unicité de la législateur français d'autres qu'il était un pionnier dans le domaine de l'adoption de la protection peut Il est intégré gène humain de chaque assaut atteinte au droit de confidentialité des données génétiques telles que l'accès à l'information génétique, ou d'un gène humain ou Examen illégale lui, ou de divulguer le secret génétique sans le consentement de la victime, et pour cela, nous avons considéré le sujet de notre recherche en abordant le législateur français des principaux crimes qui peuvent affecter le droit des examinateurs de confidentialité des données génétiques à travers la position irakienne que la législation de ces crimes et de leurs susceptibilité dispositions punitives dans notre législation pour faire face à ces crimes.

على الرغم من تنوع أشكال التعاون والتعامل بين الأفراد فإنها تجتمع على أساس واحد هو التعاقد مع الآخرين , وهذا التعاقد يكفل تنفيذ الإلتزام وحماية الحقوق , وتعد الكفالة في نطاق القانون هي من أهم أوجه هذا التعاون التي تتجسد بصورة عقود لضمان الوفاء بالإلتزامات بين الأفراد.وإن عقد الكفالة الذي نحن بصدد بحثه, هو ليس عقد الكفالة الشائع الذي يتضمن تعهد الكفيل للدائن بضمان المال الذي بذمة المدين , بل هو عقد يتضمن تعهد الكفيل بإحضار المكفول ببدنه وتسليمه للمكفول في الزمان والمكان المعينين , ولذا يطلق على هذا العقد عقد الكفالة بالنفس بإعتبار أن الكفيل قد تعهد بنفس المكفول . ونصت على هذا العقد بعض القوانين المدنية ,منها القانون المدني العراقي الذي نظم أحكامه في الباب الخامس من القسم الثاني والذي خصصه المشرع للتأمينات الشخصية بإعتباره نوعا" من أنواع الكفالة , معرفا إياه ومبينا أحكامه في ثلاث مواد (1019,1018,1017) على التوالي , بعد أن بين الأحكام العامة للكفالة في مقدمة الباب .ومع إن المشرع المدني العراقي قد نظم أحكام عقد الكفالة بالنفس , لكن عقد الكفالة بالنفس كمضمون وكمصطلح يعد قليل الإستخدام وغير واسع الإنتشار إذا ماقورن بمصطلح الكفالة (مطلقة) والتي تعني كفالة المال أو كفالة الدين , إلا أن هذا العقد يختلف في الفقه الإسلامي من حيث شيوعة وإنتشاره وتداوله وكثرة إستخدامه إعتمدت في منهجية البحث الدراسة التحليلية للنصوص التشريعية التي تؤدي الى دراسة الموضوع بشكل تفصيلي بحيث تحدد مواطن الضعف والقوه في كل مفصل من مفاصل البحث , مع منهج المقارنة والتي تؤدي الى التوصل الى نتائج من خلال مقارنة النصوص الفقهية أو القانونية , وإن منهج المقارنة الذي إعتمدناه هو المقارنة بين القوانين المدنية الوضعية وبين الفقه الإسلامي. وقد إعتمدنا في البحث على النصوص التي جاء بها المشرع العراقي أساسا لتلك المقارنة , مع ضرورة الإشارة إلى أن القوانين المدنية التي نصت على عقد الكفالة بالنفس تنحصر في القانون المدني العراقي والقانون المدني الأردني وقانون الموجبات والعقود اللبناني وقانون المعاملات المدنية الإماراتي والقانون المدني السوداني, بحسب ماأطلعنا عليه وأظهرته نتائج البحث في القوانين المدنية العربية .ولأجل الإحاطة بماهية هذا العقد ومحاولة التعرف عليه سوف يتم تقسيم هذا البحث الى مطلبين , نخصص الأول منها لتعريف الكفالة بالنفس لغة واصطلاحا , والثاني نتناول فيه الأصل الشرعي لعقد الكفالة بالنفس وأصلها التاريخي .

In light of the continuing evolution in the field of communications technology, especially in the field of satellites, Broadcasting services via satellite has become the strongest and the most important means to satisfy the need of the individual's infinite knowledge, By audio and video broadcasts transmission to the public, Surpassing the different geographical impediments And the international borders, Considering the importance of these services So in turn necessitated To grant providers have rights based on what their Acts of broadcast must be that these rights be keep abreast of technical development in the field of the Broadcasting services via satellite and therefore it was necessary to discuss the concept of the Broadcasting services via satellite, as well as identify the provider of such services, as well as a to determine the general framework of these rights.