Journal of Al Imam Al-Adham University College

The markets of Mecca al-Mukarramah were distinguished by their richness in various local
and imported commercial goods, owing to Mecca’s religious significance and its geographical
location. Its markets were filled with a multitude of imported goods from different regions and
countries, both from the East and the West. These goods catered to the needs of the local consumer
markets as well as the requirements of Muslim pilgrims who came from various countries
around the Islamic world to perform the rituals of Hajj and Umrah.

Islamic law emphasized self-preservation and considered it one of the five necessities, but
aborting the fetus conflicts with this necessity. Therefore, the ancient jurists mentioned the issue
of aborting a fetus in several chapters, including blood money, compensation, and fairies. They
mentioned the abortion of the fetus from its mother due to intentional harm without intending to
harm the fetus, or because of Violation against him, so Islamic law intended to protect him while
he was in the mother’s womb. Likewise, the law considered aborting the fetus a criminal offense
whose perpetrator would be punished even if the crime was committed by his parents due to the
sanctity of the human soul. Then, in the modern era, modern medical devices appeared that diagnose
the extent of the health and deformity of the fetus in its mother’s womb. Therefore, they
took Contemporary jurists rule against a deformed fetus discovered with modern medical devices
Which diagnoses the extent of the health and deformity of the fetus in its mother’s womb. Therefore,
contemporary jurists decided to rule on the deformed fetus that is discovered with modern
medical devices and the fetus that causes danger to the mother, up to its death, and this is what I
mentioned in this research. Then I concluded the research with the most important results that I
reached and useful recommendations.

Praise be to Allah, Lord of the Worlds, and may blessings and peace be upon our master Muhammad
and his family and companions, and peace be upon him. As for what follows:
This is a brief study in comparative jurisprudence based on eight schools of thought regarding
a jurisprudential issue about which there has been much controversy, especially in the blessed
month of Ramadan, which is: Does the dawn prayer have two adhans, or is it like the rest of the
prayers? If it has two adhaans, should the tathwib - prayer is better than sleep - be in the first
or second adhaan? This issue has cast a shadow over the schools of jurisprudence in terms of
differences, evidence, justification, and preference. Because it relates to the greatest pillar after
monotheism, The research included the doctrines of the jurists on the issue of the dawn call to
prayer and the evidence of each doctrine of rationality and transmission, along with the responses
and answers given by the jurists of each doctrine. After that, we preferred the doctrine that says
that dawn has two adhaans, the first before the time to wake up the sleeper and alert the one who
is standing and fasting, and the second when the true dawn appears and in it the tathwib occurs. ,
Provided that each call to prayer has a special muezzin, and the time period between them is fixed
throughout the year, not exceeding (10 minutes), supported by evidence from the Sunnah, guided
by the objectives of Sharia, and jurisprudential controls, concluding the research with a conclusion
that contains the most prominent conclusions of the research.
I ask Allah Almighty to benefit students of knowledge through it, and may God’s blessings and
peace be upon our Prophet Muhammad and all his family and companions.

Hypothetical questions constitute a prominent cornerstone in the field of tafsir (interpretation)
in particular, and in the religious studies in general, as they demonstrate the breadth of knowledge
possessed by those who pose and respond to them. They also serve to close the doors to skeptics
and dissenters and they encourage scholars and researchers to compose their books and studies in
a proficient manner.
Hypothetical questions are inquiries and objections sensed by the speaker, then answered by
him to reach scientific conclusions. In Al-Raghib Al-Isfahani’s interpretation, many of these issues
were found, prompting the desire to elucidate and highlight the effort exerted by Al-Raghib
in addressing them and the scientific method he employed in responding to them.

Praise be to God, the best prayers and complete greetings be upon our Prophet Muhammad,
and upon his family and all companions, until the Day of Judgment, and after:
First: The importance and the motivations
Interpreting the Holy Qur’an is one of the most highly studied one Islamic sciences. scholars
and jurists’ efforts have been devoted to interpreting the meanings, concepts, and verses of the
Holy Qur’an. They attempt explaining the versatile connotations, and topics. The Holy Qur’an
is the first and basic legislative source in Islamic law. The science of interpretation of the Holy
Qur’an continues, to this day, tirelessly to give clear interpretations. The scientific addition to the
science of interpretation that would be a great addition to the Islamic library. Therefore, Surah
Al-Nas was the Sura of choice.
Al-Kawkabani’s interpretation is also distinguished by being an interpretation of a scholar of
the Zaidi school of doctrine. He quotes the sayings of the four schools of doctrine in his interpretation
of the verses of the rulings, and this is a beautiful manifestation of fairness and respect for
the rest of the jurisprudential school of thought.

The imam Abd al-Baqi Aref bin Muhammad bin Mustafa al-Roumi al-Uthmani al-Jafi, who
we will talk about in this article, is the scholar, teacher, judge in Askar Rum Eli, poet, writer and
calligrapher, he died in the eleventh century, and his manuscript that we will investigate is a nice
treatise on the legal and linguistic meaning of heresy and an explanation of its division and scholarly
difference in their meanings, where he mentioned some hadiths, antiquities, and sayings of
scholars and discussed them based on different sciences such as grammar, rhetoric, and the hadith
of the Prophet ...
This research came in two parts:
The first section: the study, which includes a brief definition of the author, a description of the
thesis with documentation of his attribution to the author, and an indication of the methodology
used in the investigation.
As for the second section: we have verified the aforementioned thesis by comparing the two
versions that we were able to obtain, and in the conclusion we have written the most important
findings that we have reached.

This research deals with a close study of two successive surah’s in terms of the order of the
surah is in the Holy Qur’an, which are Surat Al-Dhariyat and Surat Al-Tur. This study includes
research into the areas of problem and debate in contrast and contrast between these two surah’s.
As both of them dealt with topics that were common to them, namely the oath and its response,
then explaining the condition of the people of Hell and the condition of the people of Paradise,
then the argument, and they were completely similar in that in terms of the title, but they differed
and differed widely in terms of wording and style, so they were like gardeners, similar in terms of
plant crops, and they differed in terms of quality. Fruits .This research aims to show the reasons
for the diversity of expression between the two surah’s in their two mentioned topics and how
that came to serve each place in its place in the surah in a way that is appropriate to the context,
pronunciation, meaning and interconnection of the verses side by side, which proves the miraculous
nature of this great book and how it challenged all its listeners to come With something like
it, or with a surah like it, or with a surah like it.I ask God to open my eyes to me and to enable me
to serve His great book, and that it be pure for His noble face, and that it be beneficial for me and
for everyone who looks into it and reads it, and that He forgives me in my shortcomings and mistakes.
Indeed, He is the Forgiving, the Merciful.
God bless our Prophet Muhammad and his family and him

The research tagged “Earthquakes and their impact on changing the Shari’a rulings - prayer
as a model” deals with the statement of the rulings of prayer from the sayings of the jurists when
earthquakes occur and how earthquakes affect these rulings
The importance of the topic is highlighted in the human need for facilitation in the provisions
of prayer if earthquakes occur, and the Sharia has brought ease and the removal of embarrassment
from those who are responsible.

Linguists collected the words specific to man, as well as the words of his environment, including
living and non-living creatures. And these terms that they collected for him are not on one
level of use, as there are terms used by men and women alike, and there are terms specific to men,
and there are terms specific to women, and there are also terms used between them as a matter of
difference and contrast.
On this difference and contrast, linguists based their linguistic rulings on these terms used by
men and women, on the basis of praise in one of them, and condemnation in the other. Or on the
validity of the use between them, which is better in one of them. Or over it in one of them, and I
said it in the other. This research came to clarify these terms, and to clarify the significance upon
which this linguistic ruling was built.

Mulla Muhsin al-Qazwini is considered one of the scholars of the twelfth century, and he had
a background in linguistic and jurisprudential sciences, and I chose his phenomenon of inclination.
Because he paid attention to this phenomenon in his book Tawshih al-Wafiyya with sufficient
meanings, which is considered one of the important morphological and linguistic books,
this study was organized into an introduction and two sections In the first section, I dealt with:
introducing Mullah Mohsen al-Qazwini, and in the second section (the verified text): the inclination
in the book: (Tawshih al-Wafiyya bi Ma’an Kafifa), and then I concluded the research
with a conclusion, and documented it with sources and references..

The Islamic faith has an important impact in consolidating the foundations of the educational
curriculum and making it integrated for humanity, achieving happiness in this world and victory
in the hereafter. Scholars agree that the educational curriculum is the basis for the establishment
of society. It is one of the main factors that pushes for change، keeps pace with it، and works for it.
This Islamic educational approach is characterized by a unique characteristic. What distinguishes
it from all positive theories is that its source is the Holy Book and the Sunnah of the Prophet, as
the Islamic religion in human education follows a purposeful approach and doctrine that achieves
a balance between the material and spiritual aspects of the human personality, which leads to
achieving a societal educational personality. Which leads to the achievement of a societal educational
personality. Islam، with its tolerant teachings, included all aspects of life. It regulated
the individual،s relationship with his Lord and his relationship with others. It did not leave any
of the virtues without calling for it، and it did not leave any of the vices without warning about it
and ordering one to stay away from it, until it became life. The individual is organized according
to a precise and precise divine lawWhich leads to the achievement of a societal educational personality.
Islam، with its tolerant teachings, included all aspects of life. It regulated the individual’s
relationship with his Lord and his relationship with others. It did not leave any of the virtues
without calling for it، and it did not leave any of the vices without warning about it and ordering
one to stay away from it, until it became life. The individual is organized according to a precise
and precise divine law.

The evidence in the criminal articles is distinguished from the evidence in civil material that it
is subject to the system of persuasive evidence. The evidence in the Criminal Code is not limited
and therefore the judge is free to form his faith from any evidence in the case, as well as the opponents
are free to make their claims with all the evidence, whether written or oral or merely material
evidence, without complying with certain evidence, contrary to the case in civil law, since one
of its fundamental rules is that the evidence is not in writing and that the judge is not required to do
so. He is free to draw his conviction that a commitment or contract has been established with evidence
other than written evidence, and that the opponents may not submit to support their claim
in such cases evidence other than the evidence provided by the law, which is the written evidence.
However, this does not mean that the written evidence cannot be used in criminal matters, as we
find that there are many crimes of a criminal nature that have been proven in writing or through
so-called records or papers, which are edited by judicial enforcement and which have played a
role in identifying the perpetrators of these crimes.
On this basis, we find that the subject of proof by records or the authority of these records as a
means of proof in the criminal article is urgently presented at the present time, after the tremendous
scientific development in various fields where these records and the evidence they contain
against the accused have become an important element for establishing the truth and confirming
many crimes and despite the independence of the judiciary and its uniqueness in the judgment of
the case.

In this research titled (Ghayat Al-Ahkam fi Hadith Al-Ahkam - Completion of the Book of
Dress) from (mentioning the parts of ritual ritual ablution) to the end of (mentioning the time
of this hour) by Sheikh Al-Allamah Al-Wali, jurist, hadith scholar, Muhib Al-Din Ahmad bin
Abdullah Al-Tabari (d. 694 AH), I studied and investigated this. Remembrance of what befits
the book and its author, a scientific investigation in accordance with the principles of the rules of
the science of investigation, based on two copies of the manuscript. The noble prophetic hadiths
were extracted from the books that the author mentioned in the text, and the hadith books relied
upon, such as the two Sahihs, the four Sunan, and others, and then I ruled on the hadiths outside
the two Sahihs, I attributed the sayings to their authors.

«In the aftermath of heaven, the believer in the world is the place where God promised him the
rightful believers after their death, their mission, and their calculation, a reward for them. This
is one of the many things. Therefore, one’s belief in paradise and faith in existence is part of the
imperatives of believing in the other day, which is the fifth pillar of faith in Islam. Allah said in the
Qudsi Hadith: “I prepared my righteous sons, I did not see them, I did not hear them, and there is
no danger to the heart of human beings.” This is part of the blessing of paradise that Muslims believe
in, as it is the house that is not a shortage, and it does not reflect on a slave. The mind cannot
conceive and realize it. The light of this bliss was the title of my research on the eight chapters of
paradise by collecting the chatter related to this holy year’s books.